The first and best of victories is for a man to conquer himself; to be conquered by himself is, of all things, the most shameful, says Plato. Self-control is at the root of all the advantages. Let a man give in to his impulses (冲动) and feelings, and from that moment he gives up his moral freedom.

A single angry word has lost many a friend. When Socrates found in himself any temper or anger, he would check it by speaking low in order to control himself. If you are conscious of being angry, keep your mouth shut so that you can hold back rising anger. Many a person has dropped dead in great anger. Fits of anger bring fits of disease. Whom the gods would destroy they first make mad. Keep cool, says George Herbert, for fierceness (狂怒) makes error a fault.

To be angry with a weak man is to prove that you are not strong yourself. Anger, says Pythagoras, brings with folly ( 愚蠢 ) and ends with regret. You must measure the strength of a man by the power of the feelings he conquers, not by the power of those which conquer him.

Self-control is man’s last greatest victory.

If a man lacks self-control he seems to lack everything. Without it he can have no patience, no power to govern himself; he can have no self-confidence, for he will always be controlled by his strongest feeling. If he lacks self-control, the very backbone and nerve of character are lacking also.

1.What does the reader learn from the first paragraph?

2.What is the correct interpretation of “Whom the gods would destroy they first make mad ” in paragraph 2 ?

3. If a man lacks self-control, he lacks all of the following EXCEPT _______.

4.The author’s main purpose in writing this article is to _______.

5.The passage is mainly developed by _____.

A man once said how useless it was to put advertisements in the newspaper.

“Last week, ” he said,  “my umbrella was stolen from a London church. As

it was a present,  I spent twice its worth in advertising,  but didn’t get it back. ”

“How did you write your advertisement? ” asked one of the listeners,  a merchant.

　　“Here it is, ” said the man,  taking out of his pocket a slip cut from a newspaper. The other man took it and read,  “Lost from the City Church last Sunday evening,  a black silk umbrella. The gentleman who finds it will receive ten shillings on leaving it at No. 10 Broad Street. ”

“Now, ” said the merchant,  “I often advertise,  and find that it pays me well. But the way in which an advertisement is expressed is of extreme importance. Let us try for your umbrella again,  and if it fails,  I’ll buy you a new one. ”

　　The merchant then took a slip of paper out of his pocket and wrote:  “If the man who was seen to take an umbrella from the City Church last Sunday evening doesn’t wish to get into trouble,  he will return the umbrella to No. 10 Broad Street. He is well known. ”

　　This appeared in the newspaper,  and on the following morning,  the man was astonished when he opened the front door. In the doorway lay at least twelve umbrellas of all sizes and colors,  and his own was among them. Many of them had notes fastened to them saying that they had been taken by mistake,  and begging the loser not to say anything about the matter.

1.The result of the first advertisement was that＿＿＿＿ .

2.The merchant suggested that the man should＿＿＿ .

3.“. . . if it fails,  I’ll buy you a new one” suggested that the merchant＿＿＿＿ .

4.The story is mainly about ＿＿＿＿＿.

The first and best of victories is for a man to conquer(征服) himself; to be conquered by himself is, of all things, the most shameful, says Plato. Self-control is at the root of all the advantages. Let a man give in to his impulses (冲动) and feelings, and from that moment he gives up his moral freedom.

A single angry word has lost many a friend. When Socrates found in himself any temper or anger, he would check it by speaking low in order to control himself. If you are conscious of being angry, keep your mouth shut so that you can hold back rising anger. Many a person has dropped dead in great anger. Fits of anger bring fits of disease. Whom the gods would destroy they first make mad. Keep cool, says George Herbert, for fierceness (狂怒) makes error a fault.

To be angry with a weak man is to prove that you are not strong yourself. Anger, says Pythagoras, brings with folly(愚蠢)and ends with regret. You must measure the strength of a man by the power of the feelings he conquers, not by the power of those which conquer him.

Self-control is man’s last greatest victory.

If a man lacks self-control he seems to lack everything. Without it he can have no patience, no power to govern himself; he can have no self-confidence, for he will always be controlled by his strongest feeling. If he lacks self-control, the very backbone and nerve of character are lacking also.

1.What does the reader learn from the first paragraph?

A. The greatest victory for a man is to conquer everything except himself.

B. One’s moral freedom is based on the control of himself.

C. To control oneself is the most difficult in one’s life.

D. If a person is too stubborn, he will feel most shameful.

2.If a man lacks self-control, he lacks all of the following EXCEPT _______.

A. the very backbone and nerve of character

B. the patience and power to control himself

C. strong feelings

D. self-confidence

3.The author’s main purpose in writing this article is to _______.

A. explain that self-control is the key to success

B. teach people how to control everything in order to make a great success

C. distinguish all kinds of self-control and suggest ways for keeping it

D. advise people not to lose temper so as to make and keep more friends

4.The passage is mainly developed by _____.

A. analyzing(分析)causes                B. making comparisons(比较)

C. examining differences                    D. listing quotations(引证)

One night, a young school teacher had a dream．In his dream, an angel appeared and said to him, "You will be given a child who will grow up to become a world  26 ．How will you prepare him so that he will realize his 27 , grow in confidence, be open-minded, and strong in character? In short, what kind of 28  will you provide so that he can become one of the truly  29 leaders?"

The young teacher 30  in a cold sweat．It had never 31  to him before --- any one of his present or future students could be the person  32  in his dream．Was he preparing them to  33  to any position which they want? He thought, "How might my  34 change if I knew that one of my students was this person?" He 35 began to develop a plan in his mind．

His teaching 36．Every young person who walked through his 37 became, for him, a future world leader．He saw each one, not as they were, but as they could be．He 38 the best from his students, yet tempered （使缓和） it with compassion （同情）．He taught each one 39 the future of the world depended on his instruction．

After many years, a man he taught rose to a 40 of world prominence （著名）．Of all the various teachers in his life, he was the 41 ．

Children are  42  messages we send to a time and place we will never see．Believe that one child's  43  may depend upon influence only you can provide, and something remarkable will 44 ．For no young person will ever be 45 to you again．And you will never be the same．

Jim was a farmer. He lived in a village far away from the town. One day he was  very ill , and everyone thought he would die . But his family wouldn’t give up. They decided to sent for a doctor in town . The doctor arrived the village two days later and looked over the man. The doctor wanted a pen and some paper , But there was no pen or paper in the village , because nobody could read or write .
The doctor looked around and picked up a piece of burnt wood. Using the wood, he wrote the name of the medicine on the door of the house.“ Get the medicine for him right away, ” he said, “and he will soon get well.’ family and friends did not know what to do . They could not read the writing . Then the village baker had an idea . He took off the door of the house and took the door to the nearest town . He bought the medicine, and Jim was saved. After that Jim would not let anyone wash the magic words off the door .
【小题1】People in the village thought James would die because ________ .