Apple’s logo is one of the most familiar icons(图标)around the world．

But what’s the story about the Apple logo? The image of the apple is obvious，because that’s the name of the company．What about the bite? The famous story is that the logo shows respect and honour for Alan Turing．He was the father of computer science．He researched artificial intelligence(人工智能)and unlocked German wartime codes(密码)．However，after the war，he was put into prison，because of his beliefs．He could not stand the looking down and chose to bite a poisoned apple to end his life in the prison．

　 However，Rob Janoff，who designed the famous Apple logo，said，“It’s not the truth, but only a legend．The real reason why I designed it with a bite is very simple．I wanted people to get that it was an apple not a cherry．When I go to markets to buy apples，I always mistake apples for cherries．It really has nothing to do with the scientist．”

　 Are you kidding? An apple is much bigger than a cherry. It’s very easy to tell. But if you use an apple to design a logo, some people may mistake it for a cherry.

36. Both the apple and the cherry are almost the same actually in________．

　 A·shape　 B．size　 C．colour　 D．weight

37. According to the passage，Alan Turing________.

A．died in the prison

B．used an apple to design a logo

C．was put into prison during the war

D．was the father of a computer company

38. What’s the purpose of writing the passage about the apple logo?

A．To introduce its designer．

B．To tell us a legend about it．

C．To try to find the truth of it．

D．TO explain its market research．

The “Bystander Apathy Effect” was first studied by researchers in New York after neighbours ignored --- and in some cases turned up the volume on their TVs --- the cries of a woman as she was murdered (over a half-hour period). With regard to helping those in difficulty generally, they found that:

(1)　 women are helped more than men;

(2)　 men help more than women;

(3)　 attractive women are helped more than unattractive women.

Other factors relate to the number of people in the area, whether the person is thought to be in trouble through their own fault, and whether a person sees himself as being able to help.

According to Adrian Furnham, Professor of University College, London, there are three reasons why we tend to stand by doing nothing:

(1)　 “Shifting of responsibility” --- the more people there are, the less likely help is to be given. Each person excuses himself by thinking someone else will help, so that the more “other people” there are, the greater the total shifting of responsibility.

(2)　 “Fear of making a mistake” --- situations are often not clear. People think that those involved in an incident may know each other or it may be a joke, so a fear of embarrassment makes them keep themselves to themselves.

(3)　 “Fear of the consequences if attention is turned on you, and the person is violent.”

Laurie Taylor, Professor of Sociology at London University, says: “In the experiments I’ve seen on intervention（介入）, much depends on the neighborhood or setting. There is a silence on public transport which is hard to break. We are embarrassed to draw attention to something that is happening, while in a football match, people get involved , and a fight would easily follow.”

Psychotherapist Alan Dupuy identifies the importance of the individual: “the British as a whole have some difficulty intervention, but there are exceptional individuals in every group who are prepared to intervene, regardless of their own safety. These would be people with a strong moral code or religious ideals.”

60. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

　　　 A. Criminals are more likely to harm women.　　

B. People on a bus are more likely to stop a crime.

　　　 C. Religious people are more likely to look on.

　　　 D. Pretty women are more likely to be helped.

61. Which factor is NOT related with intervention according to the passage?

　　　 A. Sex.　　　　　 B. Profession.　　　　　　　 C. Nationality.　　　 D. Setting.

62. Which phenomenon can be described as the “Bystander Apathy Effect”?

　　　 A. A man is more likely to help than a woman.

　　　 B. In a football match, people get involved in a fight.

　　　 C. Seeing a murder, people feel sorry that it should have happened.

　　　 D. On hearing a cry for help, people keep themselves to themselves.

63. The author wrote this article _______.

　　　 A. to analyze the weakness of human nature

B. to urge people to stand out when in need

　　　 C. to criticize the selfishness of bystanders

　　　 D. to explain why bystanders behave as they do