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Directions:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.
Television watching is an activity which is known to be harmful to health and is distinct from getting too little exercise.But a new study suggests its damaging effects may even 1 alongside those from smoking and obesity(肥胖).Researchers who studied television viewing habits in Australia calculated that people who watch for a(n) 2 of six hours a day shorten their lift, expectancy(预期寿命)by almost five years.
They based their calculations on data on the 3 between television viewing and death from the Australian obesity and lifestyle study which involved l 1,000 adults aged 25 and over.Applying these findings to the whole population over 25, who are estimated to have watched 9.8 billion hours of TV in 2008, they concluded that it 4 for 286,000 years of life lost-equivalent to 22 minutes for each, hour watched.By 5 , smoking one cigarette is estimated to shorten life expectancy by 11 minutes-equivalent to half an hour of TV watching.
Writing in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, the authors from the University of Queensland, say the figures suggest "huge loss of life may be 6 with too much TV viewing." The UK and other industrialized countries are likely to be similarly affected "given the typically large amounts of time spent watching TV and the similarities in disease patterns." The researchers add:"If these figures are 7 and shown to reflect a cause and effect relationship, TV viewing is a public health problem comparable in size to established behavioral risk factors."
Researchers from Taiwan University found even those who did as little as 92 minutes' exercise a week, -equivalent to 15 minutes a day for six days a week-reduced their 8 of death by 14 per cent.Even this small amount of exercise could postpone one in six of all deaths-similar to the effects of a stop-smoking programme.Each 9 15 minutes a day reduced the death rate by a further 4 per cent.
认真阅读短文,根据所读内容在下面表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。注意:每个空格1个单词。
Could your cellphone give you cancer? Whether it could or not, some people are worrying about the possibility that phones, powerlines and wi-fi (路由器) could be responsible for a range of illnesses, from rashes to brain tumours.
For example, Camilla Rees, 48, a former investment banker in the US, moved out of her apartment in San Francisco because of the radiation coming from next door. Rees told the Los Angeles Times that when her neighbors moved in and installed a wi-fi router she lost her ability to think clearly. “I would wake up dizzy in the morning. I’d fall to the floor. I had to leave to escape that nightmare,” she said. Since then, she’s been on a campaign against low-level electromagnetic fields, or EMFs (低频电磁场).
And she’s not alone. Millions of people say they suffer from headaches, depression, nausea and rashes when they’re too close to cellphones or other sources of EMFs.
Although the World Health Organization has officially declared that EMFs seem to pose little threat, governments are still concerned. In fact, last April, the European Parliament called for countries to take steps to reduce exposure to EMFs. The city of San Francisco and the state of Maine are currently considering requiring cancer-warning labels on cellphones.
If these fears are reasonable, then perhaps we should all be worried about the amount of time we spend talking on our phones or plugging into wi-fi hotpots.
Some say there is evidence to support the growing anxieties. David Carpenter, a professor of environmental health sciences at the University at Albany, in New York, thinks there’s a greater than 95% chance that power lines can cause childhood leukemia. Also there’s a greater than 90% chance that cellphones can cause brain tumours.
But others believe these concerns are unreasonable paranoia (猜疑). Dr Martha Linet, the head of radiation epidemiology at the US National Cancer Institute, has looked at the same research as Carpenter but has reached a different conclusion. “I don’t support warning labels for cellphones,” said Linet. “We don't have the evidence that there’s much danger.”
Studies so far suggest a weak connection between EMFs and illness — so weak that it might not exist at all. A multinational investigation of cellphones and brain cancer, in 13 countries outside the US, has been underway for several years. It’s funded in part by the European Union, in part by a cellphone industry group.
According to Robert Park, a professor of physics at the University of Maryland in the US, the magnetic waves aren’t nearly powerful enough to break apart DNA, which is how known threats, such as UV rays and X-rays, cause cancer.
Perhaps it’s just psychological. Some experts find that the electro-sensitivity syndrome seems to be similar to chemical sensitivity syndrome, which is a condition that’s considered to be psychological.
Whether EMFs are harmful or not, a break in the countryside, without the cellphone, would probably be good for all of us.
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Title: Could cellphones give you cancer? |
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Key points |
Supporting details |
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Cellphones are (1.)__▲__ to use |
● Some people think it (2.) __▲__ for cellphones to cause cancer. ● Camilla Rees got ill after his neighbor installed a wi-fi router. ● Millions of people have the (3.) __▲__ problems as Camilla. ● Some evidence supports people’s anxieties. |
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Cellphones are safe to use |
● Some believe that these concerns are just paranoia. ● So far, studies show that there isn’t much (4.) __▲__ between EMFs and illness. ● Robert Park thinks that the magnetic waves aren’t powerful enough to (5.) __▲__ DNA. ● It’s just for psychological (6.) __▲__ that people feel ill when they use cellphones. |
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Attitudes and (7.) __▲__ |
● Some governments are (8.) __▲__ about the safety of cellphones or EMFs. ● The author thinks that we should (9.) __▲__ the chance of talking on the phone or spend more time in the (10.) __▲__ without cellphones. |
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