Dreaming is believing, claim researchers of a new study, who found that dreams have an effect on people’s behavior, judgment and they might contain important hidden truths as well.
“Psychologists’ explanations of the meaning of dreams vary widely. But our findings show that people believe their dreams provide meaningful insightinto themselves and their world,” said a lead author of the study Carey Morewedge, an assistant professor at Carnegie Mellon University.
In six different studies, researchers surveyed nearly 1,100 people about their dreams. One of the studies focused on general beliefs about dreams and involved 149 university students. All students were asked to rate different theories about dreams. The experts found that a surprising majority of the participants supported the theory about dreams revealing(揭示) the hidden truths about themselves and the rest of the world.
In a second experiment, they surveyed 182 people at a Boston train station, and asked them to imagine one out of four possible situation that could have occurred the night before a scheduled airline trip. Most of the participants said that dreaming of a plane crash would be more likely to affect their travel plans than would just thinking about a crash, or being warned by the government of a terrorism risk. They said a dreamed crash would influence their travel plans just as much as learning about a real crash on their planned route would.
Another experiment involved 270 men and women from across the United States. In a short online survey, they were asked to recall one of the dreams they had seen about any person they knew.
The findings showed that people were more likely to remember and describe pleasant dreams about a person they liked, rather than a person they disliked. Meanwhile, in most cases they tended to consider an unpleasant dream as more meaningful if it was about a person they disliked.
“In other words,” said Morewedge, “people attribute meaning to dreams when it corresponds (与……一致) with their pre-existing beliefs and desires.”
The researchers say that more investigation is needed to fully understand how people interpret their dreams. According to Morewedge, most people realize that dreams are not predicting their future, but they still try to find some meaning in there.
【小题1】. The purpose of the studies is to         .

Dreaming is believing, claim researchers of a new study, who found that dreams have an effect on people’s behavior, judgment and they might contain important hidden truths as well.
“Psychologists’ interpretations (解释) of the meaning of dreams vary widely. But our findings show that people believe their dreams provide meaningful insight (见识) into themselves and their world,” said a lead author of the study Carey More wedge, an assistant professor at Carnegie Mellon University.
In six different studies, researchers surveyed nearly 1,100 people about their dreams. One of the studies focused on general beliefs about dreams and involved 149 university students. All students were asked to rate different theories about dreams. The experts found that a surprising majority of the participants supported the theory about dreams revealing (揭示) the hidden truths about themselves and the rest of the world.
In a second experiment, they surveyed 182 people at a Boston train station, and asked them to imagine one out of four possible situations that could have occurred the night before a scheduled airline trip. Most of the participants said that dreaming of a plane crash would be more likely to affect their travel plans than would just thinking about a crash, or being warned by the government of a terrorism risk. They said a dreamed crash would influence their travel plans just as much as learning about a real crash on their planned route would.
Another experiment involved 270 men and women from across the United States. In a short online survey, they were asked to recall one of the dreams they had seen about any person they knew. The findings showed that people were more likely to remember and describe pleasant dreams about a person they liked, rather than a person they disliked. Meanwhile, in most cases they tended to consider an unpleasant dream as more meaningful if it was about a person they disliked.
“In other words,” said More wedge, “people attribute (归因于) meaning to dreams when it corresponds (与……一致) with their pre-existing beliefs and desires.” The researchers say that more investigation (研究) is needed to fully understand how people interpret their dreams. According to More wedge, most people realize that dreams are not predicting their future, but they still try to find some meaning in there.
【小题1】The purpose of the studies is to _______.

A．When a dream conflicts with people’s existing beliefs and desires, they tend to attribute less meaning to it.

B．Most people disagree that dreams help them better know themselves and the world.

C．A majority of people believes that dreams can predict their future and try to find their meaning.

D．Dreams can be a useful tool for learning and problem solving.

Growing up, I remember my father as a silent, strict man—not the kind of person around whom one could laugh. As a teenager knowing little about life, I wanted a father who could  1. the mysteries of the human journey. In college, when friends called home for  2., I would become  3. for what I didn’t have.

Then one night after my move back home, I overheard my father on the telephone. There was some trouble. Later, he  4. the problem with me. Obviously my knowledge of law helped him a lot. I talked through the problem with him,  5. the motives of the people involved and offering several negotiation strategies.

He  6. patiently before finally admitting, “I can’t think like that. I’m a  7. man.”

My father is a  8. scientist who has a good knowledge of the building blocks of nature.  9., human nature is a mystery to him. That night I realized he was simply not skilled at  10. people. It’s not in his  11. to understand human desires.

It was no one’s  12. that my father showed no interest in human emotions while I placed great importance on them. We are sometimes born more sensitive, and dreamy than our  13. and become more curious, and idealistic than them.  14. I, who knew my father as an intelligent man, had never understood his intelligence didn’t cover all of my  15. feelings.

I believe that coming home has  16. me years of questions and confusion. I nowadays consider my parents as people who have other relationships than just being my parents, relationships that  17. and define them.

Best of all, I nowadays regard my parents as  18.: people who ask me for advice; people who need my  19. and understanding. And I’ve come to see my past in a  20. view. Knowing them makes me feel safe in where I come from and where I’m going.

21.               A．think          B．produce        C．explain    D．explore

22.               A．money         B．advice         C．love  D．agreement

23.               A．unhappy        B．unhelpful       C．unknown  D．unpopular

24.               A．exchanged      B．solved         C．found D．shared

25.               A．proving        B．recording       C．analyzing  D．guessing

26.               A．replied         B．learned        C．chatted   D．listened

27.               A．simple         B．weak          C．lazy  D．blind

28.               A．special         B．lively          C．brilliant   D．humorous

29.               A．Therefore      B．However       C．Indeed    D．Anyhow

30.               A．meeting with    B．dealing with     C．talking with D．fighting with

31.               A．nature         B．plan           C．wish  D．major

32.               A．relief          B．secret          C．pity  D．fault

33.               A．relatives        B．classmates      C．parents   D．families

34.               A．Besides        B．And           C．However  D．For

35.               A．strong         B．strange         C．different  D．unique

36.               A．told           B．gave           C．added D．saved

37.               A．raise           B．protect         C．shape D．enjoy

38.               A．friends         B．teachers        C．travelers  D．leaders

39.               A．visit           B．support        C．wisdom   D．knowledge

40.               A．richer          B．harder         C．rougher   D．clearer

When I was a kid, my brother dropped the bomb: "No Santa Claus （Father Christmas）!" I fled to Grandma because I knew she would   36   me the truth．I told her everything．"No!" she said．"Ridiculous! Don' t   37   it．"

After dinner, we went to General Store．Grandma handed me ten   38  ．"Take it and buy something for whoever needs it．I'll wait in the   39  ．" I' d often gone shopping with Mother, but never had I shopped   40  ．For moments, I stood there, confused,   41   what to do with it．I thought of everybody I knew．  42   I thought of Bobbie Decker．His mother always wrote a note, telling the teacher that he had a cough．We all knew that Bobbie would have no cough   43   he had a thicker coat．So I decided to buy Bobbie one．"Is this a present for   44  ?" the saleslady asked me kindly．I   45   shyly．She smiled, handed it to me and wished me a merry Christmas．Then Grandma helped me wrap the coat in Santa Claus   46  and ribbons and write "To Bobbie, From Santa Claus " on it．Then she   47   me over to Bobbie's house．Grandma parked down the street from Bobbie' s house．We   48   noiselessly and hid in the   49   by his front walk．"All right, Santa Claus," she   50   ,"get going．" I rushed out, threw the present down at his front door,   51   his doorbell and flew back to the safety．Together we   52   breathlessly in the darkness for the front door to open．

Forty years I haven' t forgotten those   53   I spent shivering （颤抖）in Bobbie' s bushes．That night, I realized that the stories about Santa Clause were really ridiculous ．Santa Claus was alive,  54  we were on his  55 ．

When I was a kid, my brother dropped the bomb: "No Santa Claus （Father Christmas）!" I fled to Grandma because I knew she would   36   me the truth．I told her everything．"No!" she said．"Ridiculous! Don' t   37   it．"

       After dinner, we went to General Store．Grandma handed me ten   38   ．"Take it and buy something for whoever needs it．I'll wait in the   39   ．" I' d often gone shopping with Mother, but never had I shopped   40   ．For moments, I stood there, confused,   41   what to do with it．I thought of everybody I knew．  42   I thought of Bobbie Decker．His mother always wrote a note, telling the teacher that he had a cough．We all knew that Bobbie would have no cough   43   he had a thicker coat．So I decided to buy Bobbie one．"Is this a present for   44  ?" the saleslady asked me kindly．I   45   shyly．She smiled, handed it to me and wished me a merry Christmas．Then Grandma helped me wrap the coat in Santa Claus   46  and ribbons and write "To Bobbie, From Santa Claus " on it．Then she   47   me over to Bobbie's house．Grandma parked down the street from Bobbie' s house．We   48   noiselessly and hid in the   49   by his front walk．"All right, Santa Claus," she   50   ,"get going．" I rushed out, threw the present down at his front door,   51   his doorbell and flew back to the safety．Together we   52   breathlessly in the darkness for the front door to open．

       Forty years I haven' t forgotten those   53   I spent shivering （颤抖）in Bobbie' s bushes．That night, I realized that the stories about Santa Clause were really ridiculous ．Santa Claus was alive,  54  we were on his  55  ．

A．tell           B．teach       C．take            D．advise

A．remember     B．believe     C．understand      D．consider

A．bags          B．keys      C．coats           D．dollars

A．home          B．store        C．car             D．bus

A．separately      B．apart        C．singly           D．alone

A．wondering     B．worrying  C．expecting        D．looking -

A．Luckily        B．SurprisinglyC．Suddenly       D．Firstly

A．unless         B．since     C．as              D．if

A．anyone       B．someone   C．others           D．another

A．nodded        B．smiled      C．replied          D．denied

A．gift           B．name     C．paper         D．needle

A．sent           B．drove           C．walked         D．guided

A．stole          B．struggled  C．stepped         D．searched

A．cars ．       B．buildings  C．stairs           D．bushes

A．sighed         B．whispered C．called           D．shouted

A．knocked       B．pushed      C．pounded         D．switched．

A．rushed         B．laughed    C．paused          D．waited

A．nights        B．feelings    C．moments        D．bills

A．and           B．but        C．then          D．therefore

A．side           B．team       C．part           D．staff