It is said that Abraham Lincoln searched for exactly the right words to say to his audience in that history-making speech that   1  less than three minutes.

Your speech probably won't be as long-remembered,   2  you can still strive to give your audience the best speech possible by   3  these simple tips:

Write and rewrite the material in your speech until it sounds exactly right to your own ears. Don't use words that are hard to   4  . Avoid technical   5  or keep them to a minimum whenever possible.

Remember to use descriptive phrases so your listeners can get a mental picture in their   6  of what you are talking about. People don't want to be told, they want to be given a   7  picture so they can better understand your words.

Avoid using a lot of statistics that will put your audience asleep in their seats. Keep necessary   8  in your speech to a minimum amount.

Humor can be an effective way to   9  your audience, Humor can also effectively lessen   10  , especially yours. You can use short jokes or personal anecdotes for this purpose. Just make sure your humorous material is appropriate for the audience you are   11  to.

Your speech will probably either inform or   12  your listeners to take action in order to help a charitable organization, etc. Be sure to include localized information in your speech that meet your audience's specific needs.

Read your speech out loud several times to hear how it will sound to your audience. Practice giving your speech in front of a mirror. That way you can see   13  you are going to look to the audience. This technique can help you   14  and feel more comfortable.

Make sure to speak a little louder than   15  conversation when you are giving your speech so that you can be easily heard by the entire   16  , not just the first few rows.

When you are giving your speech to your listeners, remember to   17  your speech down a little bit and don't rush through the words.

You can arrange to have helpful visual aids    18  before, during, or right after the end of your speech. This way the audience will have written information they can take home with them and   19  later.

Remember to be an appreciative speaker and to   20  the person or persons who asked you to give the speech. Also remember to thank the audience for listening.

(   ) 1. A. continued           B. lasted                      C. broadcast                 D. went

(   ) 2. A. but                    B. though             C. and                         D. therefore

(   ) 3. A. accepting           B. following         C. copying                   D. remembering

(   ) 4. A. pronounce          B. understand        C. learn                       D. listen

(   ) 5. A. sentences            B. terms                      C. pronunciations         D. meanings

(   ) 6. A. minds                B. notes                C. words                      D. tapes

(   ) 7. A. intellectual         B. physical            C. mental                     D. visual

(   ) 8. A. information               B. terms                      C. statistics                  D. words

(   ) 9. A. amuse                B. control             C. persuade                  D. drive

(   ) 10.A. attention           B. terror                      C. sorrow                    D. tension

(   ) 11. A. speaking           B. referring           C. leading                    D. owing

(   ) 12. A. help                 B. persuade           C. force                       D. trap

(   ) 13. A. what                B. how                 C. why                        D. where

(   ) 14.A. sleep                 B. rest                  C. comfort                   D. relax

(   ) 15. A. normal             B. later                 C. previous                  D. intentional

(   ) 16. A. speeches           B. actors               C. friends                    D. audience

(   ) 17. A. slow                B. speed                      C. stop                        D. burn

(   ) 18. A. checked out      B. passed out         C. brought out              D. left out

(   ) 19. A. sell                  B. review              C. throw                      D. mail

(   ) 20. A. thank                      B. find                 C. teach                       D. assist

Why doesn’t the unemployment rate ever reach zero? Economists, who generally believe that supply tends to meet demand, have long thought about this question. Even in good times, i.e. not now, there are people who can’t find work. And even in bad times, i.e. now, there are job openings. With over 14 million people out of work and looking for a job, you would think every available job would be filled. But that’s not the case. Not now and not ever.

　　On Monday, the Nobel Prize committee awarded the prize for economics to the three scholars who have done the most to explain this phenomenon. Two of the winners are Americans, Peter Diamond of MIT and Dale Mortensen of Northwestern. The third winner is Christopher Pissarides, who teaches at the London School of Economics and was born on Cyprus.

　　Like most of economics, what they have found about why the jobless and ready-employers don’t find each other seems obvious. You have to find out there is job opening you are interested in. Employers need to get resumes （简历）. It takes a while for both employers and employees to make the decision that this is what they want. And these guys came up with a frame-work to study the problem of why people stay unemployed longer than they should and what can be done about it.

　　So what would today’s Nobel Prize winners do to solve the current problem of the unemployed? And does the awarding of the prize contribute to the politicians’ lowering joblessness?

　　Speaking from his north London home, Pissarides told The Associated Press the announcement came as “a complete surprise” though his work had already helped shape thinking on both sides of the Atlantic.

　　For example, the New Deal for Young People, a British government policy aimed at getting 18-24-year-olds back on the job market after long periods of unemployment, “is very much based on our work,” he said.

　　“One of the key things we found is that it is important to make sure that people do not stay unemployed too long so they don’t lose their feel for the labor force,” Pissarides told reporters in London. “The ways of dealing with this need not be expensive training – it could be as simple as providing work experience.”

According to the writer, which is true about finding jobs?

　　A. It is always difficult to find a job.

　　B. Everyone can find a job in good times.

　　C. Contrary to popular belief, it is easier to find a job in bad times.

　　D. It is possible to find a job even in times as bad as now.

What is it that leads to their winning the prize?

　　A. They have found the reason for unemployment.

　　B. They have put forward a set of ideas to deal with unemployment.

　　C. They have found out why people don’t want to be employed.

　　D. They have long studied the problem of unemployment.

Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

　　A. Pissarides thinks his work surprising.

　　B. The work of Pissarides has influenced many economists.

　　C. Some of the winners’ ideas have been put into practice.

　　D. It is probable that unemployed young people in Britain benefit from Pissarides’ work.

According to Pissarides, _________ is effective in dealing with unemployment.

　　A. spending large sums of money on training

　　B. teaching some knowledge of economics

　　C. providing work experience

　　D. keeping people unemployed for some time

Several recent studies have found that being randomly (随机地) assigned to a roommate of another race can lead to increased tolerance but also to a greater likelihood (可能性) of conflict.

Recent reports found that lodging with a student of a different race may decrease prejudice and force students to engage in more ethnically diverse friendships.

An Ohio State University study also found that black students living with a white roommate saw higher academic success throughout their college careers. Researchers believe this may be caused by social pressure.

In a New York Times article, Sam Boakye – the only black student on his freshman year floor -said that "if you're surrounded by whites, you have something to prove."

Researchers also observed problems resulting from pairing interracial students in residences.

According to two recent studies, randomly assigned roommates of different races are more likely to experience conflicts so strained that one roommate will move out.

An Indiana University study found that interracial roommates were three times as likely as two white roommates to no longer live together by the end of the semester.

Grace Kao, a professor at Penn said she was not surprised by the findings. "This may be the first time that some of these students have interacted, and lived, with someone of a different race," she said.

At Penn, students are not asked to indicate race when applying for housing.

"One of the great things about freshman housing is that, with some exceptions, the process throws you together randomly," said Undergraduate Assembly chairman Alec Webley. "This is the definition of integration."

"I've experienced roommate conflicts between interracial students that have both broken down stereotypes(模式化形象) and strengthened stereotypes," said one Penn resident advisor (RA). The RA of two years added that while some conflicts "provided more multicultural acceptance and melding (融合)," there were also "jarring cultural resistance."

The RA said that these conflicts have also occurred among roommates of the same race.

Kao said she cautions against forming any generalizations based on any one of the studies, noting that more background characteristics of the students need to be studied and explained.

1.What can we learn from some recent studies?

A．Conflicts between students of different races are unavoidable.

B．Interracial lodging may have diverse outcomes.

C．Students of different races are prejudiced against each other.

D．Interracial lodging does more harm than good.

2.What does the Indiana University study show?

A．Few white students like sharing a room with a black peer.

B．Roommates of different races just don't get along.

C．Interracial roommates are more likely to fall out.

D．Assigning students' lodging randomly is not a good policy.

3.What does Alec Webley consider to be the "definition of integration"?

A．The school randomly assigns roommates without regard to race.

B．Students of different races are required to share a room.

C．Interracial lodging is arranged by the school for freshmen.

D．Lodging is assigned to students of different races without exception.

4.What can be inferred from Grace Kao’s saying about interracial lodging?

A．Schools should be cautious when making decisions about student lodging.

B．Students' racial background should be considered before lodging is assigned.

C．Experienced resident advisors should be assigned to handle the problems.

D．It is unscientific to make generalizations about it without further study.

A 17-year-old boy, caught sending text messages in class, was recently sent to the vice principal's office at Millwood High School in Halifax, Nova Scotia.

The vice principal, Steve Gallagher, told the boy he needed to focus on the teacher, not his cellphone. The boy listened politely and nodded, and that's when Mr. Gallagher noticed the student's fingers moving on his lap. He was texting while being scolded for texting!

"It was a subconscious act," said Mr. Gallagher, who took the phone away. "Yong people today are connected socially from the moment they open their eyes in the morning until they close their eyes at night. It's addictive. They can’t simply stop doing that."

Because so many people in their teens and early 20s are in this constant whir of socializing -- accessible to each other every minute of the day via cellphone, instant messaging and social-networking Web sites -- there are a host of new questions that need to be addressed in schools, in the workplace and at home. Chief among them: How much work can "hyper-socializing" students or employees really accomplish if they are holding multiple conversations with friends via text-messaging, or are obsessively checking Facebook? Almost a quarter of today's teens check Facebook more than 10 times a day, according to a 2009 survey by Common Sense Media, a non-profit group that monitors media's impact on families.

Will these young people get rid of this habit once they enter the work force, or will employers come to see texting and "social-network checking" as accepted parts of the workday?

"In past generations, students got in trouble for passing notes in class. Now students are adept at texting with their phones still in their pockets," said 40-year-old Mr. Gallagher, "and they're able to communicate with someone one floor down and three rows over. Students are just fundamentally different today. They will take suspensions rather than give up their phones."

When the boy was scolded for texting, _________________.

       A. he was polite and regretful

       B. he was trying sending another message

       C. his fingers shouldn’t be put on his lap

       D. he listened carefully and nodded

What does the underlined word “subconscious” mean?

       A. dangerous               B. purposeless                    C. popular                    D. impolite

What can we learn about the students in their teens and early 20s?

       A. All of them are addicted to using cellphones.

       B. They will get rid of the habit once they go to work.

       C. They are greatly different from the past generations.

       D. Most of them check Facebook more than 10 times a day.

What can we infer from the passage?

       A. The employers will accept texting at workday.

       B. The students will give up their phones one day.

       C. It’s convenient for students to communicate with others with cellphones.

D. Facebook is a kind of book students need to read at school.

完形填空（1*20=20分）

Mr. Jones had always wanted to make a trip into the middle of Africa to shoot wild animals. 36 first he had no enough money, and then he was married. His wife had not wanted him to 37 her. At last his wife   38 to the trip if he allowed her to go, too.

“But it will be very uncomfortable,” Mr. Jones   39 her. “ It will be very hot and we shall live in a tent, and it   40 be dangerous. ”“I don’t care.” said his wife. “I want to go with you.” So they bought a big tent, camp beds, a refrigerator (电冰箱)which did not need   41 and many other things which would make the trip comfortable, and went off to the__42 of Africa.

The first morning, 43 Mr. Jones took his gun and left the tent, he  44 his wife a bell and explained to her, “If you fell in 45 and you need me ,  46 this bell and I’ll come at once.”

After a few minutes, he heard the bell and returned   47  to the tent. “What’s the matter?” he asked.“   48  ” said his wife, “I was only   49  the bell.” Mr. Jones went off, but after a quarter of an hour, the bell rang   50  .

Mr. Jones hurried back to the tent, but his wife said, “I’m   51 . I was cleaning our tent, and I knocked the bell over by mistake.” Mr. Jones returned to his  __52 , but soon he heard the   53 once more. This time, when he got back to his   54 , the tent was burning and Mrs. Jones was lying on the ground, with  55 running from a big cut on her shoulder. “That’s better!” said Mrs. Jones. “This time the bell had been used correctly!”

1.                A．And           B．But            C．For  D．So

2.                A．leave          B．miss           C．marry    D．care

3.                A．allowed        B．permitted       C．satisfied  D．agreed

4.                A．told           B．advised         C．persuaded D．warned

5.                A．may           B．ought          C．can’t   D．shall

6.                A．money         B．electricity       C．force D．power

7.                A．south          B．middle         C．east D．west

8.                A．while          B．until           C．before   D．after

9.                A．gave           B．sent           C．lent  D．bought

10.               A．hurry          B．surprise        C．safety D．danger

11.               A．hit            B．knock          C．beat  D．ring

12.               A．again          B．back           C．quickly    D．home

13.               A．Something      B．Nothing        C．No   D．None

14.               A．ringing         B．trying          C．using D．testing

15.               A．again          B．once           C．across D．away

16.               A．happy          B．sorry          C．tired  D．all right

17.               A．wife           B．tent           C．trip   D．hunting

18.               A．cry            B．shot           C．bell  D．shout

19.               A．garden         B．house          C．camp D．office

20.               A．water          B．tears           C．blood D．sweat