How do you address (称呼) people in English when you want to talk to them? The following may be some simple rules the beginners should follow.

1．When talking to a stranger there is often no special form of address in English. Usually，if you want to catch the attention of a stranger, it is necessary to use such a phrase as “Excuse me”．

2．In British English “Sir”and “Madam”are considered to be too formal (正式的)for most situations. They are used mostly to customers (顾客) in shops or restaurants. While in American English “Sir” and “Madam”are not so formal and are commonly used between stangers, especially with old people whose names you don’t know.

3．When you talk to some people you know，you can use their names.If you are friends, use their first names；if your relationship is more formal, use “Mr.”， “Mrs.”， “Ms.”， etc. before their family names.

4．There are many other forms of address which can be used between friends and strangers.However，many of these are limited in use. For example，“pal” and “mate” can be used between strangers，but are usually only used by men talking to other men.

1．According to the passage，“Excuse me” is mainly used to ________.

A．address a person you don’t know　　　 B．apologize to others

C．catch the attention of a stranger　　　　　 D．suggest good manners

2．If John Smith is your best friend，according to the passage you should often call him ________.

A．John 　　　　　 B．Smith　　　　　 C．Mr. Join 　　　　　D．Mr. Smith

3．Which of the following is NOT true?

A．“Sir” and “Madam”are used more often in America than in England.

B．People often use“Mr.”“Mrs.”or “Ms.”before the first names of those people who they don’t know very well.

C．“Pal” and “mate” are usually only used among men.

D．While addressing friends，people just use their first names.

4．The passage is most likely taken from an English ________.

A．textbook 　　　　 B．card　　　　 C．storybook 　　　D．grammar book

5．From the passages，we can infer that ________.

A．British English and American English have some differences

B．when your friends introduce a strange woman to you，you may call her first name.

C．“Excuse me” is common in Britain but not in America

D．“Sir” and “Madam” can be used when you meet your close friends

The appeal of advertising to buying motives can have both negative and positive effects. Consumers may be convinced to buy a product of poor quality or high price because of an advertisement. For example, some advertisers have appealed to people’s desire for better fuel economy for their cars by advertising automotive products that improve gasoline mileage. Some of the products work. Others are worthless and a waste of consumers’ money.
Sometimes advertising is intentionally misleading. A few years ago a brand of
bread was offered to dieters (节食者) with the message that there were fewer calories in every slice. It turned out that the bread was not dietetic (适合于节食的), but just regular bread. There were fewer calories because it was sliced very thin, but there were the same number of calories in every loaf.
　　On the positive side, emotional appeals may respond to a consumer’s real concerns. Consider fire insurance. Fire insurance may be sold by appealing to fear of loss. But fear of loss is the real reason for fire insurance. The security of knowing that property is protected by insurance makes the purchase of fire insurance a worthwhile investment for most people. If consumers consider the quality of the insurance plans as well as the message in the ads, they will benefit from the advertising.
　　Each consumer must evaluate her or his own situation. Are the benefits of the product important enough to justify buying it? Advertising is intended to appeal to consumers, but it does not force them to buy the product. Consumers still control the final buying decision.
56. Advertising can persuade the consumer to buy worthless products by _________.
　 A. stressing their high quality
　 B. convincing him of their low price
　 C. maintaining a balance between quality and price
　 D. appealing to his buying motives
57. The reason why the bread advertisement is misleading is that ________.
　 A. thin slices of bread could contain more calories
　 B. the loaf was cut into regular slices
　 C. the bread was not genuine bread
　 D. the total number of calories in the loaf remained the same
58. The passage tells us that _______.
　 A. sometimes advertisements really sell what the consumer needs
　 B. advertisements occasionally force consumers into buying things they don’t need
　 C. the buying motives of consumers are controlled by advertisements
　 D. fire insurance is seldom a worthwhile investment
59. It can be inferred from the passage that a smart consumer should ________.
　 A. think carefully about the benefits described in the advertisements
　 B. guard against the deceiving nature of advertisements
　 C. be familiar with various advertising strategies
　 D. avoid buying products that have strong emotional appeal
60. The passage is mainly about ________.
　 A. how to make a wise buying decision
　 B. ways to protect the interests of the consumer
　 C. the positive and negative aspects of advertising
　 D. the function of advertisements in promoting sales

-----When will they come back? 　　

-----I _____ don’t know.

　 A. simply 　 B. hopefully C. happen 　 D. as well

We believe she can win the game, ______?

　 A. don’t we 　 B. do we  C. can we 　 D. can’t we

I really don’t know 　　 next step.

A.how to do　　　　　　　　　　　B.how to do with

C.what to do　　　　　　　　　　　D.what to deal with it