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It is difficult for a visitor to India to avoid noticing the poverty, which surrounds him. The truth is that the land will yield only enough food to support two thirds of India's 480 million people. In a frank examination of Indian poverty, Ronald Segal in The Crisis of India observes, “Not only is the Indian economy overwhelmingly agricultural, it is less productive, land measure for land measure, than the agricultural economies of most other states too marry people struggle to wrest survival from the earth, and the earth yields far too little in return.”
“The stark consequence is that India produces only enough to feed a little less than two thirds of its population adequately. In a recent year, with a population of 438 million, food production reached 78 million tons. Together with three million tons of imported food, this permitted an average consumption of 
ounces a day, or 
ounces less than the essential minimum recommended nutritionists. If a diet necessary to sustain health was provided for as many people as possible, some 150 million people in India would have nothing whatsoever to eat. If everyone received the same food, 438 million people would eat less than two thirds of what their bodies required. As it is, a few are able to buy more food than they need, some can just afford the necessary diet, most live in constant—if manageable—want, and many ( no one knows how many, but they are numbered in tens of millions)exist in a state of starvation.”
And time is not on India's side. While production moves barely perceptibly, the population gallops along at something like 9,400,000 a year.
1．If sufficient food could be imported, how many people in India would it have to support to make up for the shortage of food?
[ ]
A．160 million people.
B．480 million people.
C．438 million people.
D．9,400,000 people.
2．According to the second paragraph, if 150 million people did not eat anything, ________.
[ ]
A．the remainder would probably die
B．they would all have 8.5 ounces less than the minimum diet
C．the rest would have 25 ounces a month
D．they would have a diet necessary to sustain their health
3．The current increase in the production of food ________.
[ ]
A．will gradually remedy the shortage
B．is not less than the rate of increase in the population
C．is a factor which will improve the situation eventually
D．is inadequate to cope with the rising population
4．The writer uses Segal's statement ________.
[ ]
A．to back up his own remarks
B．to appeal for foreign assistance
C．to stress the need for family planning
D．to refute the statement made in the last paragraph
5．The article suggests that agricultural methods in India ________ .
[ ]
A．are comparatively inefficient
B．are likely to improve in time
C．provide an average of 16.5 ounces a day for each person
D．less wasteful than those of most other countries
查看习题详情和答案>>It is hard to say that a telephone is just a telephone anymore. Not only does it let you hear Grandma's voice from miles away clearer than ever before, but it is providing even more important information services to its users. By the year 2000, American householders will rely on the telephone system for shopping, computing, playing the stock market, making airline reservations, and watching television. The lives of heart patients may depend on telephones with on line electronic systems altering their doctors to emergencies. This is in addition to American business managers who currently rely on their telephones for sales orders, inventory control, banking, video image transmission, and many other tasks.
New technologies, such as advanced computing and fiber optics, make telecommunications services cheap and quick. In addition, since the breakup of AT&T, the competition spawned (引起) among many phone companies has emphasized price changes and introduced innovative services.
But despite the stimulus to provide commercial benefits during normal operation, one essential ingredient is missing—the incentive to design for emergency preparedness in the event of disaster. The telephone system is improving its ability to respond to some emergencies such as wartime attack, but is not prepared to handle terrorism, natural disasters, fires or accidents.
Before divestiture (解体) AT&T operated a national emergency center that coordinated all procedures during a disaster. Today, in lieu of the previous AT&T center, a government agency—the National Communications System (NCS) —operates the National Coordinating Center to address disasters related to telecommunications. In addition, the numerous phone companies and large communications suppliers have developed mechanisms of their own to respond to limited emergency situations, but massive emergencies are beyond their capabilities.
1. What does “anymore” in the first sentence of Paragraph 1 mean?
A. in any case B. at no time
C. not longer D. nowadays
2. “In Lieu of” in Paragraph 4 is used to mean
A. instead of B. because of
C. In spite of D. due to
3. The writer's main purpose is to
A. describe phenomena
B. propose a motion of the modem telecommunications sciences
C. amuse attention to the limited uses of telephone in the event of disaster
D. argue a belief of telephone
4. What would the following paragraph after Paragraph 4 more probably deal with?
A. the examples of emergencies that telephone system can not deal with
B. different opinions towards the telephone services
C. the writer's conclusion of the passage
D. the disadvantages of the National Communications System
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请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。
West Point is a college for future army officers．It has more than four thousand students, called cadets(士官生)．The school is located about eighty kilometers north of New York City．
West Point is the oldest continuously occupied military post in the United States．General George Washington built a fort(要塞)there during the Revolutionary War to protect the Hudson River from the British．He moved his headquarters to West Point in seventeen seventy-nine in the middle of the war．
In eighteen hundred and two, President Thomas Jefferson signed legislation(立法)to establish the military academy．The education centered on civil engineering．West Point graduates designed many roads, bridges, harbors and railways for the young nation．
Today, math and science are still a large part of the education．But cadets can choose from almost fifty areas of study．If cadets major in the humanities(人文学科), they must have an engineering minor(副科)．
Not all the young men and women at West Point are American．This year, fifty-eight are from other countries．Up to sixty cadets can be international students．
International students are chosen by their governments．They must satisfy physical and educational requirements and do well in the Test of English as a Foreign Language．After graduation, they return home to serve in their nation's armed forces．Other services besides the Army also accept foreign students at their academies．
Major Joe Sowers, a West Point public affairs officer, says information is available through American embassies．He says the presence of international students at West Point serves a purpose for the Army．He says：“Cultural understanding, cultural awareness is essential for a modern-day officer．Now we have cadets from Panama and cadets from African countries, which doesn't necessarily increase your knowledge on how to interact in Iraq or Afghanistan．At least not specifics, anyway．But you’ve begun the process of understanding that the world is bigger than your hometown and West Point and the United States of America．But I think the big reward is at the individual cadet level, establishing relationships with those who come from much, much different backgrounds．”
McDonald's is the world single biggest food provider with annual sales of around $12.4bn. And the company's symbol Ronald McDonald is now （or so the company claims） the word's most recognized person after Santa Claus.
The first McDonald's restaurant was opened in San Bernardino, California, in 1948 by brothers Mac and Richard “Dick” McDonald. Mac ran the restaurant side; Dick was the marketing genius. He had already invented the drive-in laundry and had been the first person to use neon lights in advertising. Now he spotted the gap in the post-war, baby-boom market for cheap, family-orientated restaurants with simple menus, standardized food and efficient service.
After a slow start, business began to boom. By 1954, the brothers were joined by another entrepreneur, a kitchen equipment salesman called Ray A Kroc who owned the franchise to the Multimixer, milk shake maker used throughout the McDonald's chain. A year later, Kroc had bought the McDonald brothers' chain of 25 franchises for the equivalent of around $70m（￡44m）. Dick remained with the company until the Seventies, when he and Kroc fell out over Kroc's claim that the chain was his creation.
Today, an almost Stalinist cult of personality surrounds Kroc （who died in 1984） at McDonald's, while the brothers who gave the company its name have all but been written out of its history. But though Kroc did not found McDonald's, he was certainly responsible for the empire-building philosophy which led to its world domination. He ushered in such essential contributions to international cuisine as the Big Mac （1968） and the Egg McMuffin （1973）; and helped launch Ronald McDonald —— “in any language he means fun” —— on to television in 1963.
Every three hours, a new McDonald's franchise opens somewhere in the world; it can be found in more than 100 countries including India （vegetarian-only to avoid offending the non-beef-eating populace） and Israel （non kosher, despite fierce local objection）. McDonald's chain embodied the thrusting, can-do spirit of Fifties America with staff mottoes such as “If you've got time to lean, you've go time to clean.”
1. McDonald's was founded _____.
A. by a kitchen equipment salesman
B. in California.
C. by a marketing genius called Dick McDonald.
D. after the first World War.
2.What do we know about McDonald's brothers?
A. They were not McDonald's founders although they named the restaurant.
B. Their business was still in depression after several years.
C. They had clear job separation on business.
D. They sold their restaurant to a salesman in 1954.
3. Which is not Kroc's contribution to McDonald's ?
A. He launched the restaurant image Ronald McDonald on to television.
B. Under his lead, international cuisine as the Big Mac and the Egg McMuffin earned worldwide fame
C. He spotted the gap in postwar market for cheap, family-orientated restaurants.
D. He built McDonald's empire with a philosophy which led to its world domination.
4.Which statement is true according to the passage?
A. The single biggest food provider was however, not named after its founder
B. The international cuisine as the Big Mac, a beef hamburger, is provided every chain restaurant in the world.
C. Employees in McDonald's have no time to lean.
D. The symbol Ronald McDonald, means fun in any language, is said to the word most recognized person after Santa Claus.
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Fourteen – year – old Richie Hawley had spent five years studying violin at the Community School of Performing Arts in Los Angeles when he took part in a violin contest. Ninety two young people were invited to the contest and Hawley came out first．
The contest could have been the perfect setup for fear, worrying about mistakes, and trying to impress the judges. But Hawley says he did pretty well in staying calm. “I couldn’t be thinking about how many mistakes I’d make — it would distract me from playing,” he says. “I didn’t even remember trying to impress people while I played. It’s almost as if they weren’t there. I just wanted to make music.”
Hawley is a winner. But he didn’t become a winner by concentrating on winning. He did it by concentrating on playing well．
“The important thing in the Olympic Games is not to win but to take part,” said the founder of the modern Olympics, Pierre de Coubertin. “The important thing in life is not the triumph (胜利) but the struggle. The essential thing is not to have conquered but to have fought well.”
A characteristic of high performers is their intense, pleasurable concentration on work, rather than on their competitors or future glory or money, says Dr. Charles Garfield, who has studied 1,500 achievers in business, science, sports, the arts, and professions. “They are interested in winning, but they are most interested in self - development, testing their limits.”
One of the most surprising things about top performers is how many losses they’ve had and how much they’ve learned from each. “Not one of the 1,500 I studied defined losing as failing,” Garfield says. “They kept calling their losses ‘setbacks’.”
A healthy attitude toward setbacks is essential to winning, experts agree．
“The worst thing you can do if you’ve had a setback is to let yourself get stuck in a long depression. You should analyze carefully what went wrong, identify specific things you did right and give yourself credit for them.” Garfield believes that most people don’t give themselves enough praise. He even suggests keeping a diary of all the positive things you’ve done on the way to a goal．
1.Hawley won the contest because ________．
A. he put all his mind to his performance
B. he cared much about the judges’ feelings
C. he tried his best to avoid making mistakes
D. he paid close attention to the people around
2.According to the passage, successful people concentrate on ________．
A. challenging their own limits B. learning from others
C. defeating their opponents D. avoiding setbacks
3.The passage tells us that “praise” in times of trouble ________．
A. helps people deal with their disappointment
B. makes people forget their setbacks
C. makes people regret about their past
D. helps people analyze what went wrong
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