In the United States the most popular form of folk dancing since the earliest days has been square dancing．In early times, when men and women worked in groups to build a barn（building where animals are kept） or harvest crops, they danced when the work was done．The music came from a violin from the most part, but if there was no one to play an instrument, placcing was used to produce the rhythm （loud and soft sounds made in a certain order） by which to dance．The early settlers danced in a store, in a barn, or in a farm kitchen．

A square is formed by four couples who stand facing the center of the square．Each couple stands on one side of the square, the boy on the left and girl on the right．

    The caller is an important part of the dance since he tells the dancers which steps to do．If the dancers do not know the steps, he teaches them．It takes time for a learner to be a good caller, and good callers are always in demand．

    These are the names of some of the steps the dancers do．Form a square; Circle; Honour your partner; Promenade （walk about slowly）, Swing your partner; Form a star．There are many more．As the caller tells the dancers what to do next, they move to form the pattern he calls．

Large or small numbers of people can dance at one time．Sometimes 800 or 1,000 people may be dancing at the same time．Or there may be only one square of eight people．

    Tumecoses are worn by some who square dance．This makes the dancing more colorful to watch．The tumecoses vary from place to place．Women often were full skirts of various colors with a pretty blouse．Men have colored shirt and western trousers which they．wear only when square dancing, In some country areas, everyone wears his best clothes．

    Today in all parts of the United States you will find some school, club, or other group that is square-dancing for fun．

1．In the past, people danced ________．

    A．when they were doing their work                    B．before they did their work

    C．after they finished their work'                D．before a big party

2．In the first paragraph, the word "plac" means ________．

A．hit the hands together to make a sound 

B．a kind of thing like radios

C．shout at the top of one's voice        

D．knock something to make a sound

3．Which of the following statements is true?

    A．The caller is the most beautiful person in square dancing．

    B．The caller knows everything about square dancing．

    C．It is not difficult to learn to be a good caller．

    D．The caller play an important part in square dancing．

4．If 1,000 people dance at the same time, how many squares can be formed?

    A．Only on big square．                      B．1,000 squares．

    C．More than 100 squares．                   D．Less than 100 squares．

5．In the sixth paragraph, the word "tumecoses" means ________．

    A．special clothes                            B．a kind of hat with flowers on it

    C．a ring worn on the finger                   D．clothes worn when working

Everyone has good days and bad days.

Sometimes, you feel as if you’re on top of the world. But occasionally you feel horrible, and you lose things and you cannot focus on your schoolwork.

  For more than 20 years, scientists have suggested that high self-esteem（自尊）is the key to success. Now, new research shows that focusing just on building self-esteem may not be helpful. In some cases, having high self-esteem can bring bad results if it makes you less likeable or more upset when you fail at something.

    “Forget about self-esteem,” says Jennifer Crocker, a psychologist（心理学家）at the University of Michigan, US. “It’s not the important thing.”

Feeling good

Crocker’s advice may sound a bit strange because it is good to feel good about yourself.

Studies show that people with high self-esteem are less likely to be depressed, anxious, shy, or lonely than those with low self-esteem.w(w w.ks&5 u.c*o m

But, after reviewing about 18,000 studies on self-esteem, Roy Baumeister, a psychologist at Florida State University, has found that building up your self-esteem will not necessarily make you a better person.

He believes that violent and wicked（邪恶的）people often have the highest self-esteem of all. He also said: “There’s no evidence that kids with high self-esteem do better in school.”

Problems

All types of people have problems. People with high self-esteem can have big egos（自我）that can make them less likeable to their peers（同龄人）,said Kathleen Vohs, a psychology professor at Columbia University.

People with high self-esteem tend to think more of themselves, Vohs says. People with low self-esteem are more likely to rely on their friends when they need help.

What to do

Researchers say it is best to listen to and support other people. Find positive ways to contribute to society. If you fail at something try to learn from the experience. “The best therapy（药方）is to recognize your faults,” Vohs says. “It’s OK to say, I’m not so good at that, and then move on.”

It is concluded in the research that high self-esteem_________.

A. is not important at all

B. has taken on a different meaning

C. may not be the key to success

D. does not help you do better at schoolw(w w.ks&5 u.c*o m

According to the research, people with high self-esteem_________.

A. have better relationship with people of their own age

B. are more likely to become violent and wicked

C. tend to be proud and do not care much about others

D. often feel depressed and can’t focus on their work

The advice in the last paragraph is mainly for people___________.

A. with high self-esteem                      B. with low self-esteem

C. who are still at school                      D. who are good at everything

Everyone has good days and bad days.

Sometimes, you feel as if you’re on top of the world. But occasionally you feel horrible, and you lose things and you cannot focus on your schoolwork.

  For more than 20 years, scientists have suggested that high self-esteem（自尊）is the key to success. Now, new research shows that focusing just on building self-esteem may not be helpful. In some cases, having high self-esteem can bring bad results if it makes you less likeable or more upset when you fail at something.

    “Forget about self-esteem,” says Jennifer Crocker, a psychologist（心理学家）at the University of Michigan, US. “It’s not the important thing.” 

Feeling good

Crocker’s advice may sound a bit strange because it is good to feel good about yourself.

Studies show that people with high self-esteem are less likely to be depressed, anxious, shy, or lonely than those with low self-esteem.w(w w.ks&5 u.c*o m

But, after reviewing about 18,000 studies on self-esteem, Roy Baumeister, a psychologist at Florida State University, has found that building up your self-esteem will not necessarily make you a better person.

He believes that violent and wicked（邪恶的）people often have the highest self-esteem of all. He also said: “There’s no evidence that kids with high self-esteem do better in school.”

Problems

All types of people have problems. People with high self-esteem can have big egos（自我）that can make them less likeable to their peers（同龄人）,said Kathleen Vohs, a psychology professor at Columbia University.

People with high self-esteem tend to think more of themselves, Vohs says. People with low self-esteem are more likely to rely on their friends when they need help.

What to do

Researchers say it is best to listen to and support other people. Find positive ways to contribute to society. If you fail at something try to learn from the experience. “The best therapy（药方）is to recognize your faults,” Vohs says. “It’s OK to say, I’m not so good at that, and then move on.”

41. It is concluded in the research that high self-esteem      . 

A. is not important at all

B. has taken on a different meaning

C. may not be the key to success

D. does not help you do better at school

42. According to the research, people with high self-esteem         .

A. have better relationship with people of their own age

B. are more likely to become violent and wicked

C. tend to be proud and do not care much about others

D. often feel depressed and can’t focus on their work

43. The advice in the last paragraph is mainly for people        .

A. with high self-esteem                      B. with low self-esteem

C. who are still at school                      D. who are good at everything