Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D. Fill in each blank with a word or phrase that best fits the context.

Being alone in outer space can be   36 . That is one reason why astronauts on solo(单独的) space flights were given plenty of work to keep them   37 . They were also in constant communication with people on the earth.   38 , being with people from whom you cannot get away might be even harder than being alone. This is what happens on long submarine(潜水艇) voyages. It will also happen on  39 space flights in the future. Will there be special problems of adjustment under such conditions?

Scientists have studied the reactions of men to one another during long submarine voyages. They have also found that the longer the voyage lasts, the more serious the problem of  40 is. When men are  41 together for a long period, they begin to feel   42  . Everyone has little habits of speaking and behaving that are ordinarily acceptable. In the limited space over a long period of time, however, these little habits may become very   43  .

Apparently, although no one wants to be  44 all the time, everyone needs some degree of privacy. When people are enclosed together, they are in what is called stress situation. That means that they are under an unusual amount of  45 or stress.

People who are well-adjusted are able to   46 stress situations better than others. That is one reason why so much care is taken in   47 our astronauts. These men undergo a long period of testing and training. One of the things tested is their behavior under stress, and thus they can do better than ordinary people.

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有多余选项。

The Dark Age of Greece

【小题】Among early civilizations, we call the low points "dark ages", because civilizations often dropped to such a low level that it is hard to get an accurate picture of their history during these periods. During a dark age, a civilization may not have produced monuments, statue, or other objects which we use to learn about early civilizations.

One' of the most important dark ages was the dark age of Greece,which lasted from about 1100 BC to 900 BC. Prior to-that-time,Greece had a highly advanced society called the Mycenaean civilization. The Mycenaeans were a trading civilization1.In fact, the Mycenaean civilization was so important that when it collapsed in the 12th centuryBC,most other civilizations in the region collapsed as well.The next 200 years are like a blank page to  historians and we know very little about this period.2.The collapse of the Mycenaeans brought an end to writing in the area, and thus an end to the written records historians rely on.

The little that we know about this period has been learned from archaeology. It seems that civilization became much less advanced. The pottery from this period is much simpler and less artistic. This suggests that there was lack of wealthy people to buy higher quality products. 3.   This would suggest a large decrease in population, possibly due to a widespread lack of food and consequent starvation.

Sometime around 800 BC, the Greeks began to emerge from this dark age, most probably due to the influence of other civilizations. They had lost their early writing system, but began to use the writing system of the Phoenicians at this time.4.Over the next 300 years, their civilization continued to rise, and their dark age was forgotten.

A.Many civilizations undergo a series of high points and low points during their history.

B.Many early civilizations underwent dark ages, but Greece never recovered from its dark age.

C.They began constructing larger cities and trading with their neighbors again.

D.Another interesting point is that most of the large cities of earlier time periods appear to have been abandoned in favor of much smaller settlements.

E.Many pieces of evidence suggest that there was a huge increase in population during the dark age of Greece.

F.and they did much to spread their culture across the eastern Mediterranean.

G.One major reason for this is that writing basically stopped.

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D. Fill in each blank with a word or phrase that best fits the context.
Being alone in outer space can be   36 . That is one reason why astronauts on solo(单独的) space flights were given plenty of work to keep them   37 . They were also in constant communication with people on the earth.   38 , being with people from whom you cannot get away might be even harder than being alone. This is what happens on long submarine(潜水艇) voyages. It will also happen on  39 space flights in the future. Will there be special problems of adjustment under such conditions?
Scientists have studied the reactions of men to one another during long submarine voyages. They have also found that the longer the voyage lasts, the more serious the problem of  40 is. When men are  41 together for a long period, they begin to feel   42  . Everyone has little habits of speaking and behaving that are ordinarily acceptable. In the limited space over a long period of time, however, these little habits may become very   43  .
Apparently, although no one wants to be  44 all the time, everyone needs some degree of privacy. When people are enclosed together, they are in what is called stress situation. That means that they are under an unusual amount of  45 or stress.
People who are well-adjusted are able to   46 stress situations better than others. That is one reason why so much care is taken in   47 our astronauts. These men undergo a long period of testing and training. One of the things tested is their behavior under stress, and thus they can do better than ordinary people.

Being alone in outer space can be frightening. That is one reason why astronauts on solo (单独的) space flights were given plenty of work to keep them  45  . They were also constant communication with people on the earth.  46 , being with people from whom you cannot get away might be even harder than being alone. This is what happens on long submarine (潜水艇) voyages. It will also happen on  47  space flights in the future. Will there be special problem of adjustment under such conditions?

Scientists have studied the reactions of men to one another during long submarine voyages. They have found that the longer the voyage lasts, the more serious the problem of 48  is. When men are  49  together for a long period, they begin to feel uneasy. Everyone has little habits of speaking and behaving that are ordinarily acceptable. In the limited space over a long period of time, however, these little habits may become very  50 .

Apparently, although no one wants to be  51  all the time, everyone needs some degree of privacy. When people are enclosed together, they are in what is called a stress situation. That means that they are under an unusual amount of  52  or stress.

People who are well-adjusted are able to  53  stress situations better than others. That is one reason why so much care is taken in  54  our astronauts. These men undergo a long period of testing and training. One of the things tested is their behavior under stress.

45. A. tired     B. asleep C. conscious   D. busy

46. A. So far  B. After all     C. However    D. Therefore

47. A. long     B. fast     C. dangerous   D. direct

48. A. fuel      B. entertainment     C. adjustment  D. health

49. A. shut up B. held up      C. brought up D. picked up

50. A. pleasing       B. annoying    C. common     D. valuable

51. A. noisy    B. alone  C. personal     D. sociable

52. A. emphasis     B. conflict      C. power D. pressure

53. A. handle  B. create  C. affect  D. investigate

54. A. becoming    B. choosing    C. ordering     D. promoting

An Australian man who has been donating(捐献) his extremely rare kind of blood（血液） for 56 years has saved the lives of more than two million babies.

James Harrison has an antibody（抗体） in his plasma(血浆) that stops babies dying from Rhesus disease, a form of severe anaemia(贫血). He has enabled countless mothers to give birth to healthy babies, including his own daughter, Tracey, who had a healthy son thanks to her father's blood.

Mr. Harrison has been giving blood every few weeks since he was 18 years old and has now racked up a total of 984 donations. When he started donating, his blood was deemed so special that his life was insured（保险） for one million Australian dollars.

He was also nicknamed the “man with the golden arm” or the “man in two million”. He said, “I've never thought about stopping. Never!” He made a pledge to be a donor aged 14 after undergoing major chest surgery in which he needed 13 liters of blood. “I was in hospital for three months,” he said. “The blood I received saved my life so I made a pledge to give blood when I was 18.”

Just after he started donating he was found to have the rare（稀有的） and life-saving antibody in his blood. At the time, thousands of babies in Australia were dying each year of Rhesus disease. Other newborns suffered permanent(永久的) brain damage because of the condition. The disease creates an incompatibility between the mother's blood and her unborn baby's blood. It stems from one having Rh-positive（阳性） blood and the other Rh-negative（阴性）.

His blood has since led to the development of a vaccine called Anti-D. After his blood type was discovered, Mr. Harrison volunteered to undergo a series of tests to help develop the Anti-D vaccine. “They insured me for a million dollars so I knew my wife Barbara would be taken care of,” he said. “I wasn't scared. I was glad to help. I had to sign every form going and basically sign my life away.”

Mr. Harrison is Rh-negative and was given injections of Rh-positive blood. It was found his plasma could treat the condition and since then it has been given to hundreds of thousands of women. It has also been given to babies after they are born to stop them developing the disease.

It is estimated he has helped save 2.2 million babies so far. Mr. Harrison is still donating every few weeks now.

1.How old is James Harrison?

2.What does the underlined phrase “two million” refer to?

3.Why did James decide to donate his blood? Because _____.

4.The sentence “The disease creates an incompatibility between the mother's blood and her unborn baby's blood” (underlined in Paragraph 5) suggests that _____.

5.What can we infer from the sixth paragraph?