第三部分阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳答案。

Governors, lawyers and business leaders have to deal with scientists, and every educated person finds his views affected by science. Yet our science teaching of non-scientists, in school and college, has built up mistaken ideas, dislikes, and the common boast(自夸), "I never did understand science." Even those students who arrive at colleges with plans to become scientists usually bring a mistaken picture of science: some have a collection of unorganized facts about science, and some regard the study of science as a game which includes getting the right answer.

The first of these attitudes seems to come from a kind of course which provides various kinds of information; the second, from a training course on how to pass examinations that do not ask about the student's understand but simply require him to put the numbers in the right formula(公式). Neither type of courses in school or college seems to give students an understanding of science as we find it among scientists. Neither shows students how real scientists work and think, how the facts are gathered, how discoveries are made, and what they mean. Young people need good teaching of science, not so much as great wealth of knowledge as a healthy understanding of the nature of science. They need an understanding of knowledge leading to agreement with science and an eagerness of the way scientists work. Given these it is easy to encourage later reading and learning.

56. One of the reasons that cause mistaken ideas of science is due to _______.

A. a mistaken picture in students' mind       

B. the unscientific way of teaching of science

C. the fact that students fail to see the influence of science

D. the fact that students have a collection of unrelated facts about science

57. According to the passage, we can safely say that the subject of the passage is ______.

A. need for good science teaching              

B. young people should form a correct attitude to science

C. students must know what science is and how scientists work and think

D. every person, including governors, lawyers and business leaders should study science

58. A good course of science is ______.

A. to provide students with all kinds of information

B. to teach students to do things according to formulas

C. to help students have a good understanding and form a correct attitude to science

D. to encourage students to make themselves masters of knowledge

59. People such as governors, lawyers and business leaders deal with scientists mainly because ______.

A. scientists are great persons                           

B. they owe much to scientists' contributions

C. they can be affected by scientists when they are together

D. scientists make discoveries and help people live a more comfortable and safer life

According to sociologists(社会学家), every modern industrial society has some form of social stratification(阶层). Class, power and status are important in deciding people’s rank in society.

Class means a person’s economic position in society. A commonly used classification is lower class, middle class and upper class. While sociologists disagree on how these terms should be exactly defined, they do describe societies like the United States quite well. One study shows that 53% of Americans belong to the lower class, 46% the middle class, and 1% the upper class. Interestingly, a surgeon earning ＄500,000 a year and a bus driver earning ＄50,000 a year both regard themselves as the middle class!

Power refers to the amount of control a person has over other people. Obviously, people in positions of great power (such as governors) exercise(行使)big power, but people who take orders from others have less power. Power and class do not always go hand in hand, however. For example, the governor of a state has great power, but he or she may not belong to a corresponding (相应的)economic class. Generally, however, there is a relationship between power and class.   

To our knowledge, there aren’t too many people who aren’t millionaires in the U.S. Senate!

Status is the honor or respect attached to a person’s position in society. It can also be affected by power and class, but not necessarily so. For example, a university professor may have a high status but not belong to a high social class or have a lot of power over others.

1.What can we learn about “the middle class” from Paragraph 2?

A．People earning ＄50,000 a year belong to the middle class.

B．Nearly half Americans belong to the middle class.

C．People generally consider bus drivers as the middle class.

D．Sociologists have a clear definition of the middle class.

2.According to the text, we know that _____.

A．power and class do not always correspond with each other

B．status refers to a person’s economic position in society

C．people with high status have a lot of control over others

D．class is less important in deciding a person’s social rank

3.Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?

Next time a customer comes to your office, offer him a cup of coffee. And when you’re doing your holiday shopping online, make sure you’re holding a large glass of iced tea. The physical sensation（感觉） of warmth encourages emotional warmth, while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions—those are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist John A. Bargh.

Psychologists have known that one person’s perception（感知） of another’s “warmth” is a powerful determiner in social relationships. Judging someone to be either “warm” or “cold” is a primary consideration, even trumping evidence that a “cold” person may be more capable. Much of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences, Bargh argues, when babies’ conceptual sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations, particularly warmth and coldness. Classic studies by Harry Harlow, published in 1958, showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth “mother” rather than one made of wire, even when the wire “mother” carried a food bottle. Harlow’s work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills.

Feelings of “warmth” and “coldness” in social judgments appear to be universal. Although no worldwide study has been done, Bargh says that describing people as “warm” or “cold” is common to many cultures, and studies have found those perceptions influence judgment in dozens of countries.

To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth, Bargh conducted an experiment which involved 41 college students. A research assistant who was unaware of the study’s hypotheses（假设）, handed the students either a hot cup of coffee, or a cold drink, to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form: The drink was then handed back. After that, the students were asked to rate the personality of “Person A” based on a particular description. Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink.

“We are grounded in our physical experiences even when we think abstractly,” says Bargh.

1.

According to Paragraph 1, a person’s emotion may be affected by ______.

A. the visitors to his office           B. the psychology lessons he has

C. his physical feeling of coldness     D. the things he has bought online

2.

The author mentions Harlow’s experiment to show that ______.

A. adults should develop social skills    B. babies need warm physical contact

C. caregivers should be healthy adults D. monkeys have social relationships

3.

In Bargh’s experiment, the students were asked to ______.

A. evaluate someone’s personality  B. write down their hypotheses

C. fill out a personal information form

D. hold coffee and cold drink alternatively

4.

We can infer from the passage that ______.

A. abstract thinking does not come from physical experiences

B. feelings of warmth and coldness are studied worldwide

C. physical temperature affects how we see others

D. capable persons are often cold to others

5.

What would be the best title for the passage?

A. Drinking for Better Social Relationships

B. Experiments of Personality Evaluation

C. Developing Better Drinking Habits

D. Physical Sensations and Emotions

Chinese media and Internet users on Monday condemned a lack of morals in society after a toddler was struck twice by two different vans and left bleeding on the road as more than a dozen bystanders did nothing to help the seriously injured girl.

The incident, captured by a surveillance camera and aired by Southern Television Guangdong (TVS), showed the two-year-old girl was knocked down and run over by a white van on a narrow market street on the afternoon of Oct. 13, in Foshan City of Guangdong Province.

The driver fled the scene of the accident, leaving the girl to bleed on the sidewalk. Over the next six minutes, more than a dozen people walked by the girl, yet not one individual did anything to help her. The girl was then hit a second time by another van before an elderly trash collector came to her aid and brought the attention of the girl’s mother, according to the video and eyewitnesses.

Doctors said that the girl, who was put on life support after being hospitalized, remains in a deep coma. The girl's parents, who are migrants living in the city, are now with her.

Police said the drivers of both vehicles have been arrested. However, the apathy of the bystanders shown in the video has shocked the public, as Internet forums have seethed with anger, and people are questioning the morality of society.

High moral standards were once triumphed as national pride in China where individuals known for selflessly helping others were adored by the public.

But in recent years, the perception of a decline of morals has become a hot topic as profit and materialism are perceived to be affecting society’s values.

On Sept. 2. an 88-year-old man in central China collapsed, his face striking the pavement. Yet, no one came to his aid, and he ended up choking to death on the blood from his nose.

Some have linked the absence of good models to a previous case in which a man trying to help an elderly woman who fell was accused of harming her.

A strong chorus of opinion on the Internet says laws should exempt（免除）models from responsibility, yet laws themselves cannot solve society’s morality dilemma.

Cao Lin, a China Youth Daily commentator, said in a signed article published on Monday that the worry of responsibility should not be an excuse for not helping, and this case exposes the decline of humanity in Chinese society.

1..From the passage, what would happen if someone helped others selflessly in the past?

2. Which of the following is TRUE about this passage?

3. In recent years, society’s values is believed to be affected by________           .

4. According to Cao Lin, what is the fundamental reason for not helping the girl?

5.  Where is the article probably taken from?

读写任务(共1小题；满分25分)

阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide acts rather like a one-way mirror —— the glass in the roof of a greenhouse which allows the sun’s rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping.

According to a weather expert’s prediction, the atmosphere will be 3℃ warmer in the year 2050 than it is today, if man continues to burn fuels at the present rate. If this warming up took place, the ice caps in the poles would begin to melt, thus raising sea level several metres and severely flooding coastal cities. Also, the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to great changes in the climate of the northern hemisphere, possibly resulting in an alteration of earth's chief food-growing zones.

In the past, concern about a man-made warming of the earth has concentrated on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet. But the weather experts are now paying more attention to West Antarctic, which may be affected by only a few degrees of warming, in other words, by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fifty years from the burning of fuels.

Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarctic ice are already disappearing. The evidence available suggests that a warming has taken place. This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warms the earth.

However, most of the fuel is burnt in the northern hemisphere, where temperatures seem to be falling. Scientists conclude, therefore, that up to now natural influences on the weather have exceeded those caused by man. The question is: Which natural cause has most effect on the weather?

【写作内容】

1.以约30个词概括短文的要点；

2. 然后以约120个词就“Solutions of slowing climate change”为主题写一篇短文，包括如下要点：

(1) 你认为地球会不会持续变暖；

(2) 其原因是什么以及人类在其中的作用；

(3) 谈谈你的建议。

【写作要求】

(1) 你可以使用实例或者其他论述方法支持你的观点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用阅读材料中的句子。

(2) 字迹清楚，书写工整。

【评分标准】 概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。