With fifteen years Britain and other nations should be well on with the building of big industrial plants for the recycling of waste. The word rubbish could lose its meaning because everything which goes into the dustbin would be made into something useful. Even the most dangerous and unpleasant wastes would provide energy of nothing else.

The latest project is to take a city of around half a million citizens and discover exactly what raw (未经加工的) materials go into it and what go out. The aim is to find out how much of these raw materials could be provided if a plant for recycling waste were built just outside the city. This plant would recycle not only metal such as steel, lead and copper, but also paper and rubber as well.

Another new project is being set up to discover the best ways of sorting and separating the rubbish. When this project is complete, the rubbish will be treated like this: First, it will pass through sharp metal bars which will tear open the plastic bags in which rubbish is usually packed; then it will pass through a powerful fan to separate the lightest elements (元素) from the heavy solids; after that rollers will break up everything that can be broken. Finally, the rubbish will pass under magnets (磁铁), which will remove the bits of iron and steel; the rubber and plastic will then be sorted out in the final step.

The first full-scale (全方位的) big recycling plants are perhaps fifteen years away. Indeed, with the growing cost of transporting rubbish to more distant dustbins, some big cities will be forced to build their own recycling plants before long.

The underlined phrase “be well on with…” most probably means   __    .

  A. have completed what was started  B. get ready to start

  C. have achieved a great deal in    D. put an end to

What is NOT mentioned as a part of the recycling process (过程) described in

  Paragraph 3?

   A. Breaking up whatever is breakable.

   B. Sharpening metal bars.

   C. Separating light elements from the heavy ones.

   D. Sorting out small pieces of metal.

What’s the main reason for big cities to build their own recycling plants?

  A. To deal with wastes more economically.

  B. To protect the environment from pollution.

  C. To get raw materials locally.

  D. To get advantage from those plants.

The passage is mainly about         .

  A. a cheap way to get energy    B. the position of recycling plants

  C. new ways of recycling wastes D. the probability of city environment

With the Indian economy predicted to grow by 7．5 percent this year, experts say it could be time for Western CEOs to learn some lessons from Indian CEOs．The key differences between Indian and Western bosses are:

       Social purpose

       One of the most important things is that Indian leaders lead with a sense of social purpose．Every leader in India gave a specific social purpose as being the goal of their business．Those purposes ranged from improving healthcare to getting cell phones to people who didn't have access to communication tools．Having a social purpose motivates workers．

       Invest in employees

      Indian firms invest an enormous amount in their employees' training and development．IT firms typically offer 60 days of formal training for newly hired workers and they even spend months training experienced workers．A study said that Western firms have largely abandoned investing in employees, seeing it as a waste if they quit．But Indian bosses believe that investing in employees ensures the quality of those who stay at the company．

       Take the long view

       Indian bosses stress far less on shareholders than it is typical at Western business．As a result they're more able to take a long-term view．Western companies can't just ignore their shareholders, but their CEOs can do more to protect their -employees from short-term financial pressures, letting them get on with their jobs．

       Work from their strengths

       Western companies often think about strategy in terms of chasing customers or pursuing market opportunities, but Indian firms will more often start by identifying their strengths and customers’ needs, and then try to meet those needs．

       Act as a role model

       Being a personal role model for their employees is an amazing thing for a CEO．If Western bosses could think of themselves as role models, it would have a real impact on their workers．

Indian CEOs use their sense of social purpose to _________．

       A．improve the workers' healthcare system

       B．provide cell phones to people in need

       C．motivate and encourage their employees

       D．promote the development of communication systems

Western firms have largely abandoned investing in employees’ training and development because _______．

       A．it takes too long to complete the formal training of newly hired workers

       B．they often hire experienced workers who don't need much training

       C．they are afraid of the losses brought about by the resignation of employees

       D．they don't care about the quality of the employees in their firms

Which of the following is TRUE about Western bosses?

       A．They stress on workers more than shareholders．

       B．They always act as role models for employees．

       C．They are good at identifying their own strengths．

       D．They pay closer attention to market opportunities．

      With the Indian economy predicted to grow by 7．5 percent this year, experts say it could be time for Western CEOs to learn some lessons from Indian CEOs．The key differences between Indian and Western bosses are:

       Social purpose

       One of the most important things is that Indian leaders lead with a sense of social purpose．Every leader in India gave a specific social purpose as being the goal of their business．Those purposes ranged from improving healthcare to getting cell phones to people who didn't have access to communication tools．Having a social purpose motivates workers．

       Invest in employees

      Indian firms invest an enormous amount in their employees' training and development．IT firms typically offer 60 days of formal training for newly hired workers and they even spend months training experienced workers．A study said that Western firms have largely abandoned investing in employees, seeing it as a waste if they quit．But Indian bosses believe that investing in employees ensures the quality of those who stay at the company．

       Take the long view

       Indian bosses stress far less on shareholders than it is typical at Western business．As a result they're more able to take a long-term view．Western companies can't just ignore their shareholders, but their CEOs can do more to protect their -employees from short-term financial pressures, letting them get on with their jobs．

       Work from their strengths

       Western companies often think about strategy in terms of chasing customers or pursuing market opportunities, but Indian firms will more often start by identifying their strengths and customers’ needs, and then try to meet those needs．

       Act as a role model

       Being a personal role model for their employees is an amazing thing for a CEO．If Western bosses could think of themselves as role models, it would have a real impact on their workers．

Indian CEOs use their sense of social purpose to _________．

       A．improve the workers' healthcare system

       B．provide cell phones to people in need

       C．motivate and encourage their employees

       D．promote the development of communication systems

Western firms have largely abandoned investing in employees’ training and development because _______．

       A．it takes too long to complete the formal training of newly hired workers

       B．they often hire experienced workers who don't need much training

       C．they are afraid of the losses brought about by the resignation of employees

       D．they don't care about the quality of the employees in their firms

Which of the following is TRUE about Western bosses?

       A．They stress on workers more than shareholders．

       B．They always act as role models for employees．

       C．They are good at identifying their own strengths．

       D．They pay closer attention to market opportunities．

With petroleum reserves (石油储量) decreasing, the search is on to replace gas with a cleaner，greener alternative. Though much eco－talk has centered on biofuels from corn and soybeans, the biofuel that looks more likely to replace petroleum comes from a most unlikely source: algae(藻类)．

Algae, like corn, soybeans, and other crops, grow via photosynthesis(光合作用) and can be processed into fuel oil. However, they yield 30 times more energy than land crops such as soybeans, according to the U．S. Department of Energy. Many algae species also can grow in saltwater and polluted water—while corn and soy require arable land and fresh water that will be in short supply as the world's population balloons.

“If you replaced all the diesel(柴油) in the U．S. with soy biodiesel, it would take half the land mass of the U．S. to grow those soybeans，” says Matt Caspari, chief executive of Aurora Biofuels, a Berkeley, Calif－based private firm that specializes in algae oil technology. On the other hand, the Energy Department says that if algae fuel replaced all the petroleum fuel in the United States, it would require 15,000 square miles, which is a few thousand miles larger than Maryland (12,407 square miles), the 42nd state in land area.

Another bonus: Because algae can be grown just about anywhere in a closed space, they're being tested at several power plants across the nation as a carbon absorber. Smokestack emissions (烟囱排放物) can be pumped directly into the ponds, feeding the algae while keeping greenhouse gases out of the atmosphere.

Although processing technology for algae fuel－also known as “oilgae” in some environmentalist circles—is improving, it's still years away from reaching your local gas pump. “It's just a question of cost, because no large－scale facilities have been built yet，” Caspari says.

1. The underlined word “yield” in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by ________.

A. control         B. require

C. produce         D. grow

2. Compared with corn and soybeans, algae________.

A. may pollute water and soil

B. can grow in poor conditions

C. provide much less energy

D. need more special care

3. According to Paragraph 3, one of the advantages of algae fuel is that________.

A. it can be used more widely

B. it is more easy to produce

C. it needs much less land

D. it costs much less money

4. What do we learn about algae from Paragraph 4?

A. Algae help protect the environment.

B. People can grow algae anywhere.

C. Fish can get more oxygen from algae.

D. Algae produce less waste.

5. What does the passage mainly talk about?

A. Environmental protection.

B. Biofuels from corn and soybeans.

C. The false hope of biofuels.

D. A promising oil alternative.

With smart phones taking the world by storm, a phone that can only send and receive voictcal1s and text messages may seem like a relic from a bygone age. Yet in East Africa, simple phones like these are changing the face of the economy, thanks to the mobile money services that are spreading across the region. Using the text--messaging function built into the GSM system(全球通) used by most cell phone networks, these services al1ow people without a bank account or credit card to use their/phone as an electronic wallet that can he used to store, send or receive cash.
It works like this: you pay cash to your loca1 agent who then tops up your mobile money account using a secure form of text messaging. That money can be transferred to another person by sending a message to their cell Phone account.
Fur some the system is a lifeline. ''If I didn’t have my mobile Phone, I would be very poor," says Neyasse Neemur, a mother of four chi1dren who lives in northern Kenya. .”Now I can sell fish.” Neemur took up fishing in Ju1y last year, but making money from it was a little tricky, especially as Turkana peop1e do not usually eat fish. A truck from Ethiopia to Tanzania passes through her vi1lage once a week, and she arranged to have the driver transport the fish several hundred ki1ometers south to market in   Kisumu, where relatives sell the fish.
"I get the money transfer immediately.” says Neemur . "Then I can pay for my children to go to school and for vegetables and beans," she adds, "so I don't need to eat fish."
According to the Central Bank of Kenya, payments worth around l billion Kenyan shillings($13 million) per day were transferred through Kenya’s mobile money systems in 2009, equaling the country’s credit card transactions(业务). The bank expects mobile money transfers to overtake credit cards in 2010.
63. In Paragraph l the author uses "simple phones" to _______________________.
A. make a comparison   B. introduce a topic   C. describe a scene   D. offer an argument.
64. What can we learn about the simple phones in East Africa?
A. They might help the local peop1e apply for a bank account.
B. They will replace the banks completely in the near future.
C. They Provide a safe means for the locals to do business.
D. They can do nothing except send and receive calls or messages.
65. The word “It” in the third paragraph refers to _____________________.
A. the GSM system                B. the mobile money service
C. the credit card service             D. the cell phone networks
66. The story of Neyasse Neemur suggests that ___________________.
A. the mobile money service plays a key role in the locals life
B. Neemur uses her mobile phone to contact her customers
C. her relative' tricks Turkana people to eat the fish they sell
D. the Bant of Kenya helps her improve her living condition