A reporter’s task is to inform readers of the events that happened, ______ conclusions.

A．not draw          B．not drawing        C．not to draw        D．not drawn

 A reporter’s task is to inform readers of the events that happened, ______ conclusions.

A. not draw            B. not drawing       C. not to draw            D. not drawn

Can computer reason? Reasoning requires the individual to take a given set of facts and draw correct conclusions. Unfortunately, errors frequently occur. Now, or at least soon, computers will be able to do logical reasoning in a variety of areas without making errors. The key to avoiding errors is to use a computer program that relies on the recent research in this field. AURA(Automated Reasoning Assistant) is the program that is the best example of this use of the computer.

AURA solves a program by drawing conclusions from a given set of facts about the problem. The program reaches logical conclusions perfectly as it uses various types of reasoning and solves almost all problems by using advanced techniques to find a contradiction（矛盾）.

One generally starts with a set of assumptions and adds a statement that the goal is unreachable. For example, if the problem is to test a safety system that automatically（自动地） shuts down a nuclear reactor when instruments indicate a problem, AURA is told that the system will not shut the reactor down under those circumstances. If AURA finds a contradiction between the statement and the system’s design assumptions, then this aspect of the reactor’s design has been proved satisfactory. This strategy lets AURA concentrate on the problem at hand and avoid many fruitless steps.

The chief use for AURA at this time is for electronic circuit（电路）design check, but a number of other uses will arise. For example, there already exist “expert systems” that are special purpose programs designed to automate reasoning in a specific area such as medical diagnosis. These expert systems continue to improve and have an endless life. Moreover, they can be reproduced just for pennies. A human who can expertly predict where to drill for oil is in great demand. A program that can predict equally well would be invaluable and could be reproduced any number of times.

Will the computer replace the human being? It seems likely that computer programs will reproduce more clever programs, such programs will assist, rather than replace, humans. Reasoning assistants will enable human minds to turn to deeper and far more complex ideas, which will be partially prepared and then checked for reasoning flaws by a reasoning program. Many errors will be avoided.

1．The way AURA works is to            .

A．explore the faults in designing.              B．discover the viruses in a program.

C．find out what is against the set programs                               D．predict by reasoning.

2．All of the following are mentioned as areas for the use of AURA EXCEPT            .

A．electronic engineering.                          B．search for oil

C．identification of diseases.                      D．mental logic

3．All of the following are advantages of expert programs EXCEPT           .

A．they can be reproduced endlessly          B．they are featured by self analysis.

C．they may be enriched in contents.          D．they are reproduced almost free.

4．What’s the best title for the passage?

A．Practical Uses of computers.                B．Suggested applications for AURA.

C．The technical perfection of AURA.        D． Computer aid to human reasoning.

Every reader of this passage must spend the whole of his waking life looking at things. Looking, like breathing, is natural; we do it without noticing it. Looking is passive―but seeing is active. Once you start seeing things you really begin to wake up. People who see things which others have only looked at, and draw conclusions from what they see, can add to man’s knowledge and help progress.

Someone recently discovered a place where metal had been worked continuously longer than any where else in England. He “saw” a wall in the Forest of Dean. Thousands of people must have looked at it without really seeing it, but this man noticed that among the usual stones of that place were bits and pieces of a different color; they also felt different to the hand. A closer sight showed that these pieces had been left behind in the fires of ancient people who had melted rocks to get metals. Looking around, he found more and more information, until the history of what men had done at that place over tens of centuries was known.

65. In the first sentence of this passage, “his waking life” means _______.

   A. the time when he is waking up   B. all the time he is awake

   C. all the time he is alive                D. all the time he is breathing

66. For the writer “seeing” means ______.

A.      noticing things which need explaining   B. doing something natural

C. looking at things                                   D. doing something without noticing it

67. The man found a place where ______.

         A. men are starting to work metal   

    B. men built walls of metal

    C.  men had melted metals tens of centuries before

        D.   men first learned to make fire with stones

68. The man found out that _______.

A.      metal was melted in the Forest of Dean longer than at any other place in England

B.      metal was used in England before any other part of the world

C.      in England men made things of metal before they learnt how to make them of stone

D.     people in the Forest of Dean have always worked harder than people in any other part of England