“Everyone is entitled（有权） to their opinion" is a remark commonly heard in our society． We value free speech and the rights of the individual． The private preferences we keep, as long as they do not bother with the rights and freedoms of others, are ours to do with as we wish．

Children learn this central principle early on and soon become expert 'at using it effectively to suit their own purposes． The phrase ‘‘well, it's just my opinion" can act as a get-out clause which avoids further questioning or the need to give an explanation． A student may well prefer to put up a brick wall and so avoid the difficult task of providing a justification（正当的理由） for their view．They know the holy position freedom of speech holds for all of us and they know the taboo（禁忌）around challenging the opinions of others when they do not produce unfavorable effects on anyone else．

This can make things hard for the teacher． We want to promote tolerance and respect in our classrooms and give young people a sense; this is how one ought to behave． Yet, we are also seeking to develop reasoning and critical thinking． To some extent, there is an idea that people's views carry equal weight because all individuals ought to be treated equally． Treating people  equally is different from treating what they say with equal weight, though． We need to make clear  to students that the right to one's opinions does not ignore the need to support them with argument  when called to do so．

Justification is the signal difference between opinion and argument． Opinions are stated;  arguments are advanced． Opinions are given; arguments are proposed． When we ask a student to  explain themselves, we are asking them to give us something that will lend evidence to what they  have said． We are asking them to convince us, to persuade us, to show us the reasonableness of what it is they are saying．

64． According to Paragraph 2, if you offer a get-out clause, you may        .

       A． fall into a difficult situation                 B． escape being questioned

       C． raise your social position                   D． have to further explain your opinion

65． The teacher may find it hard to              .

       A． put up a brick wall to avoid giving acceptable reasons

       B． challenge the opinions ofothers to have a deep effect on them

       C． encourage tolerance and respect while developing reasoning and critical thinking

       D． tell the differences between opinion and argument

66． The underlined word "them" in Paragraph 3 refers to             .

       A． students               B． teachers               C． needs                  D． opinions

67． What would be the best title for this passage?

       A． Everyone is entitled to their opinion

       B． Never bother with the rights of others

       C．“It's just my opinion" isn't good enough

       D． Treat what people say equally

Many a young person tells me he wants to be a writer．I always encourage such people, but also 1   that there's a big difference between"   2   a writer "and writing．In most   3   these individuals （个人） are dreaming of   4   and fame, not the long hours   5   at a typewriter．"You've got to want to write, "I say to  6_, "not want to be a writer"．

    The reality is that writing is a lonely, private and   7   paying affair．For every writer kissed   8   fortune there are thousands more whose desire is   9    rewarded. When I left a 20-year career in the U．S．Coast Guard to become a freelance writer （自由撰稿人），I had no prospects （chances of success）   10 ．What I did have was a friend who   11   me my room in a New York apartment building．  12    didn't even matter that it was cold and had   13   bathroom．I immediately bought a used manual（手控的）   14    and felt like a genuine writer．

     After a year or so,   15   ,I still hadn't got a break and began to   16 myself．It was so hard to sell a story that hardly made enough to eat．  17   I knew I wanted to write．I had   18   about it for years．I wasn't going to be one of those people who die wondering．  19   if ? I would keep putting my dream to the test even though it meant living with uncertainty and fear of   20   ．This is the shadowland of hope, and anyone with a dream must learn to live there．

1．A．demand           B．require             C．explain            D．add

2．A．liking              B．admiring         C．respecting        D．being

3．A．cases            B．conditions        C．aspects        D．ways

4．A．health              B．wealth           C．future               D．happiness

5．A．deeply             B．alone          C．lonely            D．alive

6．A．you              B．him             C．them          D．myself

7．A．high               B．poor            C．rich             D．average

8．A．by                 B．with            C．of               D．to

9．A．ever           B．never              C．even              D．still

10．A．at all             B．in all            C．above all           D．after all

11．A．helped              B．provided         C．supplied           D．found

12．A．He              B．I                C．It                D．They

13．A．no               B．any              C．some              D．each

14．A．bathroom        B．pen              C．typewrite             D．machine

15．A．though          B．however          C．yet              D．therefore

16．A．doubt             B．comfort         C．believe             D．express

17．A．While           B．So              C．But               D．As

18．A．dreamed         B．thought          C．known            D．talked

19．A．Even            B．As               C．Only             D．What

20．A．darkness            B．loss         C．failure             D．change

阅读理解

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A，B，C和D）中选出最佳选项。

　　If you walk to the far end of any school courtyard in the UK during the lunch break, you will find several teenagers trying to hide their cigarette smoke from the teachers at the other end.

　　Teenage smoking is a big problem in the UK, even though it is illegal to smoke before you reach 16 years of age. Children start smoking from as young as 11, and over a quarter of 15-year-olds are regular smokes , according to the Office of National Statistics(统计) or ONS in the UK.

　　Jonathan Williams, a 15-year-old boy from Hastings on the southeast coast of England, smoking four months ago.“All my friends smoke cigarettes,”he said.“It's easy to buy them because most people my age look 16 anyway. No one can tell the difference between a 15 and 16-year-old.”

　　Young girls living in the UK are much more likely to smoke than boys. They also smoke more frequently. This is because girls are more likely to“follow the crowd”. They want to feel included .

　　Jonathan's sister Paula is 17. She tried her first cigarette when she was just 12.“I didn't start smoking regularly until a year ago, because I was afraid of my mum finding out,”She said.“but now I'm over 16. There is nothing she can do, even though she doesn't agree to it.”

　　Parents, teachers and government are increasingly concerned (关注) about this trend (趋势) . The latest ONS research says that this habit will kill about 1 million of today's teenagers when they reach middle age.

　　In New Castle in northeast England, the local health expert is working with a secondary school to help teenagers stop smoking. They hold regular“stopping”meeting where students can talk openly about smoking and are given advice about why and how to stop.

　　Parents and experts are also concerned because there seems to be a relationship between smoking and educational achievement. Most students who pass fewer than five General Certificate of Secondary Education Exams( GCSEs) , which all students must take at the age of 16, are regular smokers. The national average for a good student is nine GCSE passes.

1．From Jonathan's experience we can conclude that some boys ________.

[　　]

A．are born smoking

B．are experienced at smoking

C．smoke only to help others

D．smoke only to follow others

2．What Paula said in the text means ________.

[　　]

A．she smokes mostly in her family

B．she doesn't like her parents

C．she can smoke freely when she's 16 years old

D．she can earn money to buy cigarettes

3．From this passage we may learn that ________.

[　　]

A．only teachers are worried about the problem of teenage smoking

B．teenage smoking is a serious problem in UK

C．smoking has little effect on teenagers' health

D．the writer suggests the government close cigarette factories

4．In the last paragraph the writer wants to show us ________.

[　　]

A．smoking is bad for students' studies, too

B．the age of 16 is very important for a teenager

C．students don't have exams before the age of 16

D．regular smokes mostly start smoking at the age of 16

The blockbuster film Titanic has brought millions of dollars and thousands of people to the theaters and continues to touch people today in their homes. Why is this film so successful? It is a combination of many different things. Among these are many different elements. Looking at some of these elements will show how the director and others involved were able to create an emotionally charged movie that appealed to millions.
The film uses one thematic(主题的) element called - The Truth of Human Nature. The two main characters seem to represent noble people. Most of the other characters in the film are shown as non-tolerant, rude and cold-hearted people. The element of focusing on the two main characters' love and emotion seems symbolic of an ideal state.
There are also social problems addressed. This is done in a few different ways. The most noticeable way is that the lower class people remain locked in the basement as the ship goes down. Throughout Titanic, the lighting is very important. The poor, lower class people are always shown in very warm-coloured light that gives them a sense of life and happiness. On the other hand, the rich, upper class are always shown in a flat light portraying the feeling of hardness and coldness. By using these techniques, they show the issue of class segregation(种族隔离), and they create stereotypes. The main characters are able to break free of these stereotypes and be together. This is the solution to the segregation problem.
As you can see, Titanic took a lot of thinking and preparation to film in a manner that would create emotion and bring to the surface the issues and story of the great ship.
【小题1】The underlined word “blockbuster” in the first paragraph probably means “________”．

The blockbuster film Titanic has brought millions of dollars and thousands of people to the theaters and continues to touch people today in their homes. Why is this film so successful? It is a combination of many different things. Among these are many different elements. Looking at some of these elements will show how the director and others involved were able to create an emotionally charged movie that appealed to millions.

The film uses one thematic(主题的) element called - The Truth of Human Nature. The two main characters seem to represent noble people. Most of the other characters in the film are shown as non-tolerant, rude and cold-hearted people. The element of focusing on the two main characters' love and emotion seems symbolic of an ideal state.

There are also social problems addressed. This is done in a few different ways. The most noticeable way is that the lower class people remain locked in the basement as the ship goes down. Throughout Titanic, the lighting is very important. The poor, lower class people are always shown in very warm-coloured light that gives them a sense of life and happiness. On the other hand, the rich, upper class are always shown in a flat light portraying the feeling of hardness and coldness. By using these techniques, they show the issue of class segregation(种族隔离), and they create stereotypes. The main characters are able to break free of these stereotypes and be together. This is the solution to the segregation problem.

As you can see, Titanic took a lot of thinking and preparation to film in a manner that would create emotion and bring to the surface the issues and story of the great ship.

1.The underlined word “blockbuster” in the first paragraph probably means “________”．

A．something very successful

B．a highly explosive bomb

C．something worth a lot of money

D．a touching story

2.In Titanic, the scene of the lower class people remaining locked in the basement as the ship goes down is used to ________.

A．criticize non-tolerant and cold-hearted rich people

B．enlarge the scene of the film

C．make the film more attractive

D．emphasize the condition of the poor at that time

3.Why were different colours of light used in the film Titanic? ________

A．They were used to show the difference between the rich and the poor.

B．The director was determined to achieve good visual effect.

C．The social status was represented by the color of light in the past.

D．The use of light was the main technique the director made use of.

4.What can we infer from the passage? _________

A．The segregation problem in the society can be solved by using the light.

B．Though love is the main theme of Titanic, it also reflects some social problems.

C．Because of the director's talents, the film Titanic achieved great success.

D．In the film Titanic there are two characters altogether.

5.The writer mainly talks about ________ in this passage.

A．the process of shooting Titanic

B．the leading actor and actress in Titanic

C．the reasons why Titanic became a blockbuster film

D．the outline of Titanic