In 2003, the government banned Internet cafes from receiving customers under18. However, Shanghai plans to bring online games as well as cartoons and comics to its schools. “The influence of online games on young people cannot be ignored, ”said Weng Tiehui, deputy director of the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (SMEC). “We should choose the right game for them as online games are becoming part of their life.”

School teachers shared the same idea. "My students are like studying machines who are busy with homework all day," said Chen Hong, who is a teacher of Chinese in Shanghai Weiyu Middle School . "We should find ways to let them relax and online games may be a good way to do this."

"In role-playing games, you imagine yourself as a hero who fights against outlaws and saves their victims," said Shen Xia, a teacher from Shanghai Hongxing Middle School. "That is a good feeling for a kid. They gain success and confidence from the game. But the important thing is to make sure they don‘t become escapists, mixing up reality and the imaginary world. "

"Multi-media has proven to be an effective teaching tool. Students enjoy learning something while they are playing games,' said Yan, an expert on education from the Shanghai Educational Press Group , "Online games will be a new teaching method in which they can learn at the same time as entertaining themselves. "

"I have dreamed that one day students will have courses via online games, "Yan added.

"The idea is practical, "Li Lijun, director of the Public Relations Department of Shanda, China’s online game giant; told the Shanghai Star. “If it proves to be successful, it will start a revolution in educational theory and practice. "  

The above writing is most likely to appear in _________.

   A. an official paper  B. a government notice  C. a newspaper  D. a meeting memo (备忘录)

According to Weng Tiehui, deputy director of the SMEC, __________.

   A. it is not practical to forbid young people playing online games completely

   B. online games have strong influence on young people so they should be banned

   C. young people can't go without online games which are becoming part of their life

   D. internet cafes should be allowed to receive customers under 18

According to the teachers and experts, online games have the following advantages EXCEPT that _____.

   A. online games will let their students relax after busy work

   B. online games will make their students become a hero

   C. online games wilt bring good experiences to their students

   D. online games will become an effective teaching tool

What is the purpose of the above writing?

   A. To inform its readers of some information.

   B. To argue about the advantages and disadvantages of online games.

   C. To give some comments on online games.

   D. To give a support to online games.

What can be inferred from the above writing?

   A. Hopefully, young people in Shanghai will be playing online games at school.

   B. Online games will bring success to young people in Shanghai.

   C. Young people in Shanghai are having courses via online games.

   D. School teachers have opposite opinions about online games.

Cars consume half the oil in the U．S．, and cause about half the urban pollution and one fourth the greenhouse gases around the world．They consume a similar percentage of resources in other industrial nations and in the cities of the developing world．As vehicle use continues to increase in the coming decade, the U．S． and other countries will have to deal with these issues or else face unacceptable economic, health-related and political costs．It is unlikely that oil prices will remain at their current low level or that other nations will accept a large and growing U．S．contribution to global climatic change．

Policymakers and industry have four options: reduce vehicle use, increase the efficiency and reduce the emissions（排放）of gasoline-powered vehicles, switch to less harmful fuels, or find less polluting driving systems．The last of these --- in particular the introduction of vehicles powered by electricity is the only practical option．

The other alternatives are attractive in theory but in practice are either impractical or offer only insignificant improvements．For example, reduced vehicle use could solve traffic problems and a host of social and environmental problems, but evidence from around the world suggests that it is very difficult to make people give up their cars to any significant extent．In the U．S．, public transportation and carpooling（合伙用车）have declined since World War II．Even in western Europe, with fuel prices averaging more than $1 a liter（about $4 a gallon）and with easily accessible public transportation and dense（稠密的）populations, cars still make up 80 percent of all passenger travel．

Improved energy efficiency is also appealing, but automotive fuel economy has barely made any progress in 10 years．Alternative fuels such as natural gas, burned in internal-combustion engines（内燃机）, could be introduced at relatively low cost, but they would lead to only marginal reductions in pollution and greenhouse emissions （especially because oil companies are already spending billions of dollars every year to develop less polluting types of gasoline）．

1．From the passage we know that the increased use of cars will________．

       A．consume half of the oil produced in the world

       B．have serious consequences for the well-being of all nations

       C．widen the gap between the developed and developing countries

       D．put a huge economic burden on residents of large cities

2．The U．S． has to deal with the problems arising from vehicle use because ________．

       A．most Americans are not willing to switch to public transportation systems

       B．the present level of oil prices is considered unacceptable

       C．other countries will protest its increasing greenhouse emissions

       D．it should take a lead in preserving natural resources

3．The use of natural gas can not reduce the pollution effectively as________．

       A．oil companies are producing less polluting types of gasoline

       B．the price of natural gas is not acceptable

       C．oil companies has made no progress in developing natural gas

       D．it can not be burned in all kinds of car engines

4．Which of the following is the best solution to the problems mentioned in the passage?

       A．The use of highly efficient car engines．B．A reduction of vehicle use in cities．

       C．The development of electric cars．       D．The use of less polluting fuels．

Forty years ago, Rachel Carson died and the Pittsburgh area lost perhaps its most influential citizen. A native of a Pennsylvania College for Women graduate, Carson published “Silent Spring” in 1962, a work that launched the modern environmental movement and led to the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as well as the passage of our major environmental laws.

However, there has been a puzzling and troubling trend in recent years: an attack on her theory by conservatives and the agrochemical (农用化学品) industry. For example, Rush Limbaugh gave the following quiz: “Who caused more deaths: Adolf Hitler or RachelCarson?” Limbaugh's answer was Carson, due to the approximately 100 million deaths from malaria (疟疾) since 1972, the year in which the pesticide (杀虫剂）DDT was banned for use in the United States in part as a result of “Silent Spring.”

Therefore, on this 40th anniversary of Carson's death, we need to take a scientific look at the myths that remain about pesticides.

Myth 1: Pesticide usage has declined since 1962. In fact, pesticide usage has more than doubled since 1962, and the global pesticide industry currently uses over 2.5 million tons of pesticides each year. Even DDT is still used abroad.

Myth 2: Pesticides are safe. In fact, as Carson warned us, these poisonous chemicals are unsafe since they are designed to kill biological organisms, but are often not specific in their targets. Pesticide exposure can cause skin irritation, headache, cancer and even death. According to the WHO, over 25 million people a year in developing countries suffer severe acute pesticide poisonings with over 20,000 deaths.

Of the 80,000 pesticides and other chemicals in use today, 10 percent are recognized as carcinogens (致癌物质). According to recent studies, brain cancer rates are five times higher in homes with “no-pest” strips and six times higher in homes where pets wear flea collars (杀蚤颈圈). Our homes have pesticide concentrations 10 to 100 times higher than outdoors.

So, if Carson were with us today, still battling the agrochemical industry that spent millions of dollars, what would she be advocating? I feel confident that she would be a strong supporter of a new principle of chemical assessment.  

Simply put, this principle requires producers of pesticides to prove that they are safe and necessary before they are put on the market. Our current system puts the burden of proof on government and scientists to prove that a pesticide is dangerous and poses an “unacceptable risk” before it can be pulled from the market.

57.   Limbaugh attacked Carson because he thought that _____.

A. “Silent Spring” had caused in part the 100 million deaths from malaria

B. she was supporting the production of poisonous pesticides

C. “Silent Spring” was originated from Hitler’s writings

D. she had not cared for the 100 million deaths from malaria

58.   Which of the following is the content of Myth 1?

A. The production of pesticides has doubled during the past 40 years.

B. 2.5 million tons of pesticides have been produced since 1962.

C. The usage of pesticides has been dropping since 1962.

D. Pesticides have become less poisonous since 1962.

59.   The author mentions “flea collars” in the sixth paragraph to indicate _____.

A. pesticides contribute to the development of cancer

B. the close connection between them and dog cancer rates

C. the medical effect of flea collars on dogs

D. flea collars contribute to high pesticide concentrations indoors

60.   What is the suggested new practice of chemical assessment?

A. Government should prove a pesticide is unsafe.

B. Scientists should be responsible for writing assessment reports.

C. Producers of pesticides should provide proof of their safety.

D. A special committee should be set up for chemical assessment.