阅读理解

阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　Whether the eyes are"the windows of the soul" is debatable; that they are intensely important in interpersonal communication is a fact．During the first two months of a baby's life , the stimulus (刺激物) that produces a smile is a pair of eyes．The eyes need not be real: a mask with two dots will produce a smile．Significantly , a real human face with eyes covered will not motivate a smile,nor will the sight of only one eye when the face is presented in profile．(侧面) This attraction to eyes as opposed to the nose or mouth continues as the baby matures．In one study , when American four - year - olds were asked to draw people , 75 percent of them drew people with mouths , but 99 percent of them drew people with eyes．In Japan , however , where babies are carried on their mother's back , infants do not acquire as much attachment to eyes as they do in other cultures．As a result , Japanese adults make little use of the face either to encode (把……编码) or decode (理解) meaning．In fact , Argyle reveals that the "proper place to focus one's gaze during a conversation in Japan is on the neck of one's conversation partner．"

　　The role of eye contact in a conversational exchange between two Americans is well defined: speakers make contact with the eyes of their listener for about one second , then glance away as they talk; in a few moments they re - establish eye contact with the listener or reassure themselves that their audience is still attentive , then shift their gaze away once more．Listeners , meanwhile , keep their eyes on the face of the speaker , allowing themselves to glance away only briefly．It is important that they be looking at the speaker at the precise moment when the speaker reestablishes eye contact: if they are not looking , the speaker assumes that they are disinterested and either will pause until eye contact is resumed or will terminate (stop) the conversation．Just how critical this eye maneuvering (movement) is to the maintenance (维持) of conversational flow becomes clear when two speakers are wearing dark glasses: there may be a sort of traffic jam of words caused by interruption , false starts , and unpredictable pauses．

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阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　Researchers Look Behind the Tears to Study Crying

　　Many people found themselves unusually moved by the historic presidential inauguration(就职演说)last week in Washington．Watching the huge crowds, we saw laughter, cheers, hugs-but also many tears．

　　It made us wonder why do people cry? Surely tears must be good for us－away to calm the mind and cleanse the body．Yet studies show that crying sometimes makes people feel worse．

　　Three researchers in Florida and the Netherlands recently looked more deeply into the subject．They examined detailed descritions of crying experiences．Psychologist Jonathan Rottenberg at the University of South Florida says they wanted to study crying as it happens in everyday life, not in a laboratory．

　　The team analyzed information from the International Study on Adult Crying．As part of that study, three thousand peole in different countries, mostly college students, wrote about recent crying experiences．They noted causes, surroundings and any people involved in the event．They also reported how they felt after they cried．

　　Professor Roaenberg says the research showed that all crying experiences are not created equal．Crying does not always make a person feel better, he says．About ten percent of people reported feeling worse after they cried．

　　But a third felt better after crying．And a majority reported the experience as helpful．

　　The research showed that people who cry alone may not do as well as those with others around．People who reached out for emotional support at the time-and received it-reported better results from the crying experience．

　　But Professor Rottenberg says those who felt shame or embarrassment while crying were less likely to report that crying had been helpful．

　　Research has shown that women cry more often and more intensely than men．But it may not have better effect, says the psychologist．The new findings, he says, did not show that a person's sex was an advantage of beneficial crying．In other words, just because women cry more does not mean they are more likely to have a “good” cry．

　　The paper entitled “Is Crying Beneficial? ” appeared in December in Current Directions in Psychological Science and there is more to learn．Jonathan Rottenberg says the science of crying is still in its infancy．

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