Thirty-two people watched kitty Genovese being killed right beneath their windows. She was their neighbor. Yet none of the 32 helped her. Not one even called the police. Was this in gunman cruelty? Was it lack of feeling about one’s fellow man?
Not so, say scientists John Barley and Bib Fatane. These men went beyond the headlines to probe（探查） the reasons why people didn’t act. They found that a person has to go through two steps before he can help. First he has to notice that is an emergency(紧急情况).
　　Suppose you see a middle-aged man fall to the side-walk. Is he having a heart attack? Is he in a coma （昏迷） from diabetes（糖尿病）? Or is he about to sleep off a drunk?
Is the smoke coming into the room from a leak in the air conditioning? Is it steam pipes? Or is it really smoke from a fire? It’s not always easy to tell if you are faced with a real emergency.
　　Second, and more important, the person faced with an emergency must feel personally responsible. He must feel that he must help, or the person won’t get the help he needs.
The researchers found that a lot depends on how many people are around. They had college students in to be tested. Some came alone. Some came with one or two others. And some came in large groups. The receptionist started them off on the tests. Then she went into the next room. A curtain divided the testing room and the room into which she went. Soon the students heard a scream, the noise of file cabinets falling and a cry for help. All of this had been pre-recorded on a tape-recorder.
Eight out of ten of the students taking the test alone acted to help. Of the students in pairs, only two out of ten helped. Of the students in groups, none helped.
In other words, in a group, Americans often fail to act. They feel that others will act. They, themselves, needn’t. They do not feel any direct responsibility.
Are people bothered by situations where people are in trouble? Yes. Scientists found that the people were emotional, they sweated, they had trembling hands. They felt the other person’s trouble. But they did not act. They were in a group. Their actions were shaped by the actions of those they were with.
【小题1】The purpose of this passage is_________.

完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A，B，C，D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

　　Summer is the best time on the Island of the Blue Dolphins (海豚). The sun is warm then and the winds blow out of the west,   16   out of the south.

    It was   17   these days that the ship might return and now I   18  most of my time on the rock,   19   out from the headland（水中凸起的陆地） into the east, towards the country   20   my people had gone, across the   21   that was never-ending.

    Once   22   I watched, I saw a small object which I took to be the ship, but a stream of water   23   from it and I knew that it was whale (鲸鱼)spouting (喷水). During those summer days I saw nothing   24  .

    The first storm of winter   25   my hopes. If the white men's ship were   26      for me it would have come during the time of good   27  . Now I would have to wait   28   winter was gone, maybe longer.

The thought of being   29   on the island while so many suns rose   30   the sea and went   31  back into the sea   32   my heart with loneliness. I had not felt so   33  before because I was sure   34   the ship would return as Matasaip had said   35   would. Now my hopes were dead.

A. totally           B. already          C. entirely      D. sometimes

A. during           B. for              C. after         D. between

A. spent            B. shared           C. paid          D. devoted

A. look             B. to look           C. looking       D. looked

A. when            B. where            C. which         D. until

A. island            B. sea              C. lake          D. ocean

A. since             B. though           C. while         D. till

A. rose              B. raised           C. grew          D. set

A. different          B. ordinary          C. else           D. valuable

A. encouraged        B. ended            C. spared        D. limited

A. leading           B. moving           C. coming        D. following

A. weather           B. pattern           C. rain           D. fog

A. after              B. as               C. until          D. while

A. quiet              B. alone             C. calm          D. alive

A. of                B. in               C. to            D. from

A. rapidly            B. quickly           C. slowly         D. fully

A. pumped          B. set               C. filled          D. full

A. lonely            B. strict             C. boring         D. empty

A. whether           B. and              C. that           D. when

A. it                B. he               C. that            D. this

请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。

注意：每空格1个单词。

People say teenagers are no good. They make too much noise in shopping malls; they drive recklessly up and down America’s main streets; they carry chips on their shoulders as big as the Sears Tower. And at least some of the time those things are true. But we shouldn’t forget that there are hard moments in the life of a teenager too.

　　I watched such a moment not long ago at a woman’s funeral. I didn’t expect the event to affect me. Through much of the ceremony, in fact, I remained unmoved.

　　Then her teenage grandson stepped forward. With his very first deep breath, every heart in that church was achingly reminded of something we had all forgotten. Softly he began: “I want to share a few values that Nana taught me. She never failed to see light in any situation. When our family dog would literally attract her, what would Nana say? ‘Oh, what beautiful markings that dog has.’ That was Nana.

　　“She was a strong woman who often lived in the shadow of my grandpa, who was a successful businessman in this city. But she was the one behind the scenes who provided the strength and support for Grandpa’s career,” he said, with a voice now trembling. “That was Nana’s way.”

　　Through a muffled sob, he continued. “Whenever she did anything worth recognition, you’d have to hear about it from a different source, because she was never one to brag.”

　　Finally, in a voice breaking free of sorrow, he looked up and said, “Nana taught me courage. She put up an incredible fight to the end, when she died peacefully, which is how she lived her life. That was Nana’s way, and I hope I can carry on in the same manner.”

　　There are no hearts as sensitive as those of teenagers, because everything is happening to them for the first time. The trouble with teenagers is that they haven’t learned to be controlled.

　　When that boy rose to speak about the woman who surely had been his truest ally and dearest friend, his honest voice dragged each of us out into the open where we could no longer hide in the calm ritual. He exposed us to the truth about this very real woman who believed in a boy who probably tried the patience of many adults. He reminded us that his grandmother was more than another dot on the chart of life and death.

　　All over again we felt those powerful losses crisscrossing our own hearts, and we knew that when you say good-bye to a beloved grandparent, you say good-bye to something happy, something young in yourself. And that something never really returns, and the pain never really goes away.

　　阅读理解

    A poor traveller stopped under the tree to eat the boiled rice and vegetables which he had brought with him. A few metres away , there was a small shop by the side of the road where a woman was frying （油炸） fish and selling it to travellers. The woman watched the poor traveller carefully, and when he finished his food and began to go, she shouted rudely, “You haven't paid me for the fried fish!”

　　“But I have not had any fried fish!” he said.

　　“But everyone can see that you enjoyed the smell of my fried fish with your rice and vegetables ,” said the woman , “If you had not smelled the fish , your meal would not have been so pleasant!”

　　Soon a crowd collected, and although they supported the poor traveller, they had to admit that wind was blowing from the shop to the place where he had eaten, and that it had carried the smell of the fried fish to him.

　　Finally, the woman took the poor traveller to a judge , who said , “The woman says that the traveller ate his meal with the smell of her fried fish. The traveller agrees that the wind was blowing from the woman's shop to the place where he ate his rice and vegetables and that it carried the smell of her fried fish to his nose while he was eating, so he must pay for it. What does your fried fish cost” he asked the woman.

　　“Twenty-five cents a plate ,” she answered , delighted.

　　“Then go outside together,” said the judge. “There the traveller must hold up a twenty-five cent piece so that its shadow （影子） falls on the woman's hand. The price of the smell of a plate of fried fish is the shadow of twenty-five cents.”

1．Why did the traveller refuse to pay the woman for the fried fish? Because ________.

[　　]

A．he was poor

B．he was rude

C．he was supported by a crowd

D．he hadn't eaten her fried fish at all

2．When the judge asked the woman a question, she felt ________.

[　　]

3．Which of the followng statements is true?

[　　]

A．The traveller bought the boiled rice and vegetables and ate them by the side of the road.

B．The judge had no idea what the woman meant.

C．In the fifth paragraph , the first “it” has the same meaning as the second “it” .

D．The woman got nothing but the shadow of twenty-five cents in the end.

4．What do you think of the judge after reading the passage?

[　　]

A．He was foolish.

B．He was clever.

C．He was neither foolish nor clever.

D．He was kind enough to give the woman twenty-five cents.

5．What is the best title for the passage?

[　　]

A．The Smell and the Shadow

B．A Poor Traveller

C．A Rude Woman

D．A Woman and a Traveller