I take the firm position that parents do not owe their children a　 1 　 education. If they can 　 2　 it, they can　　3　 send them to the best universities. But they must not feel guilty if they can't. If the children really want to go, they'll find a 　 4　 . There are plenty of loans(贷款)and scholarships for the bright and　　5　 ones who can't afford to pay.

When children grow up and want to 　 6　 , their parents do not owe them a down payment on a house. They do not have the　　7　 to baby-sit their grandchildren. If they want to do it, it must be considered a 　 8　 , not an obligation(责任;义务).

Do parents owe their children anything? Yes, they owe them a great deal.

One of their obligations is to give their children a personal　 9　 . A child who is constantly made to feel stupid and unworthy, constantly　 10 　 to brighter brothers, sisters, or cousins will become so　 11　 , so afraid of failing that he(or she)won't try at all. Of course they should be　　12 　 corrected when they do wrong, but it's often better to let children learn their mistakes by themselves　　13　 . What the parents should do is to trust them, respect them, tolerate(宽容)them and give them chances to try and fail. They must learn to stand　 14　 . When criticisms(批评)are really needed, they should be　 15　 with praises, with a smile and a kiss. That is the way children learn.

Parents owe their children a set of solid values around　　16 　 to build their lives. This means teaching them to　 17 　 the rights and opinions of others; it means being respectful to elders, to teachers, and to the law. The best way to teach such values is by　 18 　. A child who is lied to will lie. A child who sees no laughter and no love in the home will have　　19　 laughing and loving.

No child asks to be　　20 　. If you bring a life into the world, you owe the child something.

1. A. college B. formal C. usual D. foreign

2. A. find B. get C. afford D. receive

3. A. gradually B. certainly C. hardly D. finally

4. A. supply B. help C. hand D. way

5. A. handsome B. rich C. eager D. wealthy

6. A. get married B. get a job C. go abroad D. live alone

7. A. time B. right C. duty D. energy

8. A. favor B. job C. habit D. service

9. A. worth B. affair C. belief D. respect

10. A. brought B. compared C. forced D. taken

11. A. unsure B. unusual C. unknown D. unfair

12. A. properly B. gently C. nearly D. possibly

13. A. now and then B. in time C. earlier D. ahead of time

14. A. failure B. honor C. progress D. test

15. A. mixed B. satisfied C. shared D. balanced

16. A. it B. which C. whom D. what

17. A. consider B. refuse C. respect D. know

18. A. meal B. time C. word D. deed

19. A. pleasure B. difficulty C. fun D. freedom

20. A. praised B. alone C. born D. poor

For many years, scientists couldn't figure out how atoms and molecules on the Earth combined to make living things. Plants, fish, dinosaurs, and people are made of atoms and molecules, but they are put together in a more complicated way than the molecules in the primitive ocean. What's more, living things have energy and can reproduce, while the chemicals on the Earth 4 billion years ago were lifeless.
　　After years of study, scientists figured out that living things, including human bodies, are basically made of amino acids and nucleotide bases. These are molecules with millions of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen atoms. How could such complicated molecules have been formed in the primitive soup? Scientists were stumped.
　　Then, in 1953, two scientists named Harold Urey and Stanley L. Miller did a very simple experiment to find out what had happened on the Primitive Earth. They set up some tubes and bottles in a closed loop, and put in some of the same gases that were present in the atmosphere 4 billion years ago: water vapor, ammonia, carbon dioxide, methane, and hydrogen.
　　Then they shot an electric spark through the gases to simulate bolts of lightning on the ancient Earth, circulated the gases through some water, sent them back for more sparks, and so on. After seven days, the water that the gases had been bubbling through had turned brown. Some new chemicals were dissolved in it. When Miller and Urey analyzed the liquid, they found that it contained amino acids-the very kind of molecules found in all living things.
61. When did scientists come to realize how the atoms and molecules on the Earth combined to make living thing?
　　A. 4 billion years ago. B.1953.　C. After seven days.D. Many years later.
62. Scientists figured out that human bodies are basically made of .
A.amino acids
B.molecules
C. hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen atoms
D. water vapor, ammonia, carbon dioxide, methane and hydrogen
63. Harold Urey and Stanley L.Miller did their experiment in order to .　
A. find out what had happened on the Earth 4 billion years ago
　　 B.simulate bolts of lightning on the ancient Earth
　　 C. dissolve some new chemicals
　　D.analyze a liquid
64. At the end of the last paragraph, the underlined word "it" refers to .
A. a closed loop   B. an electric spark   C.water   D. the liquid
65. According to the writer, living things on the Earth include .
　A. atoms and molecules                     B.chemicals　
C. plants, fish, dinosaurs and human beings     D.the primitive soup

Imagine a mass of floating waste is two times the size of the state of Texas. Texas has a land area of more than 678 000 square kilometers. So it might be difficult to imagine anything twice as big.

　 All together, this mass of waste flowing in the North Pacific Ocean is known as the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch. It weighs about 3 500 000 tons. The waste includes bags，bottles and containers—plastic products of all kinds.

　 The eastern part of the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch is about l 600 kilometers west of California. The western part is west of the Hawaiian Islands and east of Japan. The area has been described as a kind of oceanic desert，with light winds and slow moving water currents. The water moves so slow that garbage from all over the world collects there.

　 In recent years，there have been growing concerns about the floating garbage and its effect on sea creatures and human health. Scientists say thousands of animals get trapped in the floating waste，resulting in death or injury. Even more die from a lack of food or water after swallowing pieces of plastic. The trash can also make animals feel full，lessening their desire to eat or drink.

　 The floating garbage also can have harmful effects on people. There is an increased threat of infection of disease from polluted waste，and from eating fish that swallowed waste. Divers can also get trapped in the plastic.

　 Its existence first gained public attention in l997. That was when racing boat captain and oceanographer Charles Moore and his crew sailed into the garbage while returning from a racing event. Five years earlier，another oceanographer learned of the trash after a shipment of rubber duckies got lost at sea. Many of those toys are now part of the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch.

　 In August，2009，a team from the University of California，San Diego became the

latest group to travel to it. They were shocked by the amount of waste they saw. They gathered hundreds of sea creatures and water samples to measure the garbage patch’s effect on ocean environment.

63. How did the writer introduce the topic of the passage?

　 A. By giving an example.　　　

B. By listing the facts.

　 C. By telling a story.　　　　　

D. By giving a comparison.

64. What do we know about the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch?

　 A. It is made up of various kinds of plastic products.

　 B. It is a solid mass of floating waste materials.

　 C. It lies l60 000 kilometers east of California.

　 D. It is described as a kind of oceanic desert.

65. Why do people pay attention to the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch?

　 A. Because it may prevent the flow of ocean water.

　 B. Because the polluted plastic articles will move up the food chain.

　 C. Because it may be from an island in the pacific.

　 D. Because ships may be trapped in the floating waste.

66. The purpose of writing this passage is to____________.

　 A. warn people of the danger to travel in the pacific

　 B. analyze what caused the waste patch in the pacific

　 C. give advice on how to recycle waste in the ocean

D. introduce the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch