For more than six million American children, coming home after school means coming home to an empty house. Some deal with the situation by watching TV. Some may hide. But all of them have something in common. They spend part of each day alone. They are called latchkey children. They’re children who look after themselves while their parents work. And their bad condition has become a subject of concern.

Lynette Long was once the headmaster of an elementary school. She said, “We had a school rule against wearing jewelry. A lot of kids had chains around their necks with keys attached. I was constantly telling them to put them inside shirts. There were so many keys, it never came to my mind what they meant.” Slowly, she learned they were house keys.

She and her husband began talking to the children who had them. They learned of the impact(影响) working couples and single parents were having on their children. Fear is the biggest problem faced by children at home alone. One in each three latchkey children the Longs talked to reported being scared. Many had nightmares and were worried about their own safety.

The most common way latchkey children deal with their fears is by hiding. It might be in a shower stall, under a bed in a closet. The second is TV. They’ll often play it at high volume. It’s hard to get statistics on latchkey children, the Longs learned. Most parents are slow to admit they leave their children alone.

1.The main idea about “latchkey children” is that they _______.

2.Which sentence in the second paragraph is the topic sentence?

3.The main feeling these children have when they are at home by themselves is _______.

4.We may draw a conclusion that _______.

A political scientist from Indiana University whose work exploring how people come together to protect their collective （共有的）resources may provide important clues in the fight against elimate change has become the first woman to win the Nobel prize for economics.

Elinor Ostrom, 76, shares the award with fellow American academic Oliver E. Williamson, 77. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced to the world the pair had been chosen to win the 40th prize in economic sciences.

For Ostrom, the award came, as she showed, as a “big surprise”. To rise to the summit of her area of learning has been an big journey, as she has had to struggle against her own weaknesses and the impediments （妨碍）of the system. At school in Los Angeles she suffered from stuttering（口吃）. She also faced the hurdles （障碍） common to most women of her generation entering the sciences--she was discouraged from taking a PhD when she applied for graduate school.

Her field of study has been striking for how cross-disciplinary （交叉训练的）it is. Early on she gained a reputation for bringing economics, political science and sociology together.

What interests her is how common property can be managed successfully through groups in society. One of the first subjects that interested her was management of water resources.

The findings of her research have been striking, because they have challenged the traditional idea that common property is poorly managed unless it is either regulated by government or privatized. She has shown how individuals can work together and form collectives that protect the resource at hand.

“A lot of people are waiting for more international co-operation to solve global warming,” said Ostrom, “It is important that there is international agreement, but we can take steps at family level community level, and national level … There are many steps that can be taken. That will not solve it on their own but continuously will make a big difference.”

1. Why was Ostrom not advised to take a PhD?

A. Because she was a stutter who didn’t speak fluently.

    B. Because she was a woman who was prejudiced then.

    C. Because she was as common as other women in science.

    D. Because she didn’t receive a degree of master yet.

2. Which of the following statements may Ostrom agree to?

    A. Only government can make full use of common property.

    B. Private enterprise can control individual behavior.

    C. Different people should work together to protect the resources.

    D. Individuals play a minor role in fighting climate change.

3. Ostrom was awarded the Nobel Prize for economics because _______.

    A. she brought economics and political science into sociology

    B. she predicted the breakout of the global financial crisis

    C. she worked on the relationship between individuals and government

    D. she put forward a new theory to help fight against climate change

4. The passage mainly tells us that ________.

    A. the Nobel Prize for economics was first won by a woman

    B. Elinor Ostrom’s work may help fight poverty

    C. the first woman won the Nobel Prize in America

D. the Nobel Prize for economics is shared this year

Neighbours play an important role in our lives. Their lifestyles, friends, and social habits can have a strong influence on our lives. It is a good idea to get to know the people next door or across the street to develop a community (社区) of support and safety. You never know when a neighbour will find a stranger walking around your house, or you may want to leave an extra key at their house in case someone in your family gets locked out.

How do you get along with your neighbours? Here are some tips for building a better relationship with your neighbours.

Point ①…Proper greetings can make your neighbours remember your name and pave (铺) the way for more meaningful future meetings. Don’t stay too long, though, or you’ll wear out your welcome!

Point②…If your neighbour is building a pool, offer a few hours of help. Besides, you never know when the favor might be returned.

Point③…If you hear that someone who live close to you has had an accident, take over a hot meal or some fruit. Your action will add a special touch during a difficult time.

Point④…Invite your neighbours over for a cup of coffee in December or an Easter egg hunt in spring. A backyard barbecue (烧烤) can be a great way to share food and fun.

Your neighbours may annoy you at times, but they are like family in many ways. Appreciate their strengths and overlook their weaknesses, and everyone will get along just fine.

1.What is Paragraph 1 mainly about?

2.According to the passage, which of the following may NOT be something nice to do?

3.Match the following titles with each point.

a. Invite your neighbours over.          b. Lend a helping hand.

c. Go over and introduce yourself.       d. Offer support.

4.We infer(推断出) that the writer wrote this passage to        .

1.What are these ads for?

A. Food you can order for delivery.

B. Places to go on vacation.

C. Special offers at a shopping center.

D. Things on sale in a big store.

2.Which of the following is true according to the ads?

A. Spending $50 means 3 hours of free parking.

B. One person can buy 5 tickets for the price of three.

C. After buying two CDs, you can get another two CDs for free.

D. At Mike’s Café, people can get a free drink after spending $6.

3.Which of the following is NOT mentioned at this mall?

A. Clothes store.       B. Music store.    C. Restaurant.      D. Toy store.

4.We can know from this passage ________.

A. there is more than one theater in the center.

B. if you buy a book there, you may pay less than half the price.

C. you may get a free one if you buy a shirt, or a tie, or a pair of shoes.

D. you won’t get a free soft drink unless you spend more than 10 dollars on the meal.

   LONDON ( Reuters)-- Ecotourism ( 生态旅游) is causing a lot of damage to wildlife and may be endangering the survival(生存) of the very animals people are flocking to see, according to researchers.

Biologists and conservationists ( 自然环境保护论者) are worried because polar bears, dolphins, penguins and other creatures are getting stressed and losing weight and some are dying.

"Evidence is growing that many animals do not react well to tourists in their backyard,” New Scientist magazine said.

The immediate effects researchers have noticed are changes in behavior, heart rates, or stress hormone levels but they fear it could get much worse and over the long term "could endanger the survival of the very wildlife they want to see".

Although money produced through ecotourism, which has been growing at about 10--30 percent a year, has major benefits for poor countries and people living in rural areas, the Swiss-based World Conservation Union and some governments fear not all projects are audited (审计) and based on environmentally friendly policies, according to the magazine,

"The transmission(传播) of disease to wildlife, or small changes to wildlife health through disturbance of daily life or increased stress levels, while not obvious to the casual observer, may translate to lower survival and breeding ,"said Philip Seddon, of the University of Otago in Dunedin, New Zealand.

Scientists have noticed that bottleneck dolphins along the northeastern coast of New Zealand become nervously excited when tourist boats arrive. Similar changes in behavior have been observed in polar bears and yellow-eyed penguins in areas visited by ecotourists are producing smaller babies.

Conservationists are now calling for more research into the effect of ecotourism on animals and say the industry must be developed carefully. They also want studies done before new ecotourism projects are started.

“The animals’ welfare should be very important because without them there will be no ecotourism,”said Rochelle Constantine of the University of Auckland in New Zealand.

72. What's the text mainly about?

A. Many animals are dying because of lack of money.

B. There will be no ecotourism without animals.

C. Ecotourism could endanger the survival of the wildlife people want to see.

D. More research should be done on ecotourism.

73. We may learn from the text that __

A. ecotourism must be developed properly

B. polar bears are losing weight without enough food

C. all the poor countries have stopped ecotourism

D. money produced through ecotourism should be spent on wildlife

74. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text?

A. Many animals do not react well in their backyard..

B. Polar bears in areas visited by ecotourists are producing smaller babies.

C. Ecotourism has been growing at about 10--30 percent a year.

D. Studies should be done before new  ecotourism projects are started.

75. What Rochelle Constantine said in the last paragraph implies that __

A. if people want to get high income, they must develop ecotourism

B. animals have rights to live their own life

C. animals are people’s good friends

D. people should take good care of wildlife