ALBANY，New York—Students who rely on working at night to improve their

grades might want to sleep on that strategy: A new survey in the US says those who never study all night have slightly higher grades than those who do.

A survey of 120 students at St.Lawrence University found that students who had never pulled an all??nighter on average had higher grades than those who had. The survey found those who did not study through the night had a grade point average of 3.2 compared to 2.95 for those who did.

The study, by assistant professor of psychology Pamela Thacher, is to be included in the January issue of Behavioral Sleep Medicine.

“It's not a big difference，but it's pretty striking, ” Thacher said, “I am primarily a sleep researcher and I know nobody thinks clearly at 4∶00 in the morning. You think you can do，but you can't.”

Many college students, of course, have inadequate or irregular sleep, for reasons ranging from excessive caffeine to poor time management.

“A lot of students were under the impression that all??nighters were a very useful tool for accomplishing work, and that caffeine intake was very useful in meeting deadlines and stuff like that, ”said Mr Chatani, who had a 3.4 grade point average last term.

Dr Howard Weiss, a physician at St.Peter's Sleep Center in Albany, said the study results made sense.

“Certainly that data is out there showing that short sleep duration absolutely interferes with concentration and performance on objective testing, ”he said.

“Some night owls do get good grades, of course，which may be explained by circadian (昼夜节律的，生理节奏的) rhythms, ”Weiss said, “Some people have different 24??hour body clocks from others, and may do better depending on classes and testing time.”

The purpose of the passage is to tell us 　　　　

  A. the bad effects of pulling an all??nighter

  B. pulling an all??nighter leads to sleep problems

  C. Thacher's doubt about all??nighters

  D. all??nighters influence students' grades

According to Thacher's study，around 4 o'clock in the morning is a time when 　　　　.

  A. one can think more clearly

  B. one has his/her best memory

  C. one can't learn efficiently

  D. one's brain falls into a period of deep sleep

What can we know from Dr Howard Weiss' words？

  A. Thacher's study is not convincing enough.

  B. He believes in Thacher's study.

  C. Thacher's study makes no sense.

  D. Thacher should take exceptions into consideration.

.
短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分, 满分10分)
此题要求改正所给短文的错误。对标有题号的每一行做出判断：如无错误, 在该行右边横线上划一个勾（√）；如有错误（每行只有一个错误）, 则按下列情况改正:
该行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉, 在该行右边横线上写出该词, 并也用斜线划掉。
该行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）, 在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。
该行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线, 在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。
注意：原行没有错的不要改。
I was only about six that he held his hand                     81. _________________
out to me. I took it in me and we walked. Then                   82. _________________
I ask him, “Grandpa, how come you have                     83. _________________
so much lines on your hand?” he laughed and               84. _________________
said, “Well, that’s a big question!” He was                       85. _________________
silent for a moment. So he answered slowly:                          86. _________________
“Each these lines stands for a trouble in my                             87. _________________
life.” I looked at his other hands. “But Grandpa,                         88. _________________
what do you have more lines on that one?”                     89. _________________
“Because there are more the honors and joys                   90. _________________
in my life.”

One morning in Philadelphia, the sun shone bright through all the thick jungles and the tall churches. John, 6, wearing the worn-out clothes, walked from a far place, his dark small hands holding a piece of stolen bread.

John stopped for a moment at the entrance to the church and then left tightly holding the bread,      

He was an orphan(孤儿), whose parents were killed in World War II leaving him alone in the orphanage for five years, Like many children in the house, he had a lot of free time. Mostly no one took care of them, so they had to learn how to steal those they wanted.             

John believed God to be real, so every Sunday morning in any case he would go to the church to have a look and listen to those people singing inside or reading the Bible. He felt only at this moment he was the child of God and so close to God. But he couldn’t enter because his clothes were so dirty. John himself knew it.

John was quietly calculating the times. This was his 45th Sunday at the entrance to the church. He stood on tiptoe（踮着脚尖） for a while and walked away.

As time passed, the pastor(牧师) noticed John and learned from others that he was the small boy who liked stealing things in the orphanages.

On the 46th Sunday, the sun was shining and John came still holding a piece of bread with his dark small hands. When he just stood there, the pastor came out. He felt like running away, but he was carried by the pastor's friendly smile.

The pastor walked up to his side, clearly seeing John's small hands shaking.

"Are you John?"

John didn't answer, but looked at the pastor and nodded.

"Do you believe in God?" the pastor patted John on his head with dust.

"Yes, I do!" This time John told him loudly.

"So you believe in yourself?"

John looked at the pastor, without a word.

The pastor went on saying, "At the first sight of you, I find you're different from other kids because you have a good heart."

His face turning red, John said nervously, "In fact, I'm a thief." With that, he lowered his head.

The pastor didn't speak, but held John's dark small hands, slowly opened them and put them against his wrinkled face.

"Ah" Just at the same time, John shouted and was about to take out his dark small hands. Yet the pastor tightly held his small hands and spread them out in the sun.

"Do you see, John?"

"What?"

"You're cupping the sunshine in your hands."

John blankly looked at his hands: when did they become so beautiful?

"In God's eyes, all children are the same. When they are willing to spread out their hands to greet the sun, the sun will naturally shine on them. And you have two things more than they do. First is courage and the second is kindness." With that, the pastor led him into the church. It was the first time that John went into this sacred place, and at this moment he didn't feel inferior, but the unspeakable warmth.

On that morning greeting the sunshine, John found himself again, along with the confidence, satisfaction, happiness, dreams he had never had.

Twenty years have passed. Now the boy who ever tightly held the bread with his dirt hands has been the most famous cook in Philadelphia and made many popular dishes.

Every Sunday morning, he would personally send the bread he baked to the orphanage. Those children who greeted him with cheers were used to consciously spreading their palms before they got the bread.

Because they all knew when we are willing to spread out our hands to greet the sunshine, the sun will naturally shine on us.

1.The method the writer uses to develop Paragraph is ______________

A．presenting contrasts (对比)                B．showing causes （原因）

C．offering analyses                        D．providing explanations

2.Why didn't John go inside whenever he went to the church?

A．He was frightened to be recognized by the pastor

B．He was not welcomed by those singing in the church.

C．He was sorry for his dirty clothes and identity as a thief.

D．He was left alone in the orphanage and nobody cared for him.

3.Which of the following questions did John reply certainly?

A．“Are you John?"                        B．"Do you see, John?"

C．"So you believe in yourself?"               D．"Do you believe in God?"

4.Which of the following can best describe the pastor's great effect on John?

A．John became a famous cook.

B．John admitted his bad behavior. (行为)

C．John believed God to be real

D．John spread warmth to other orphans.

5.According to the passage, the sunshine cupped in hands can bring ________

A．cheers and confidence                   B．dreams and imagination

C．courage and kindness                    D．forgiveness and satisfaction

There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling. No school I have ever taught in has ever ignored spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill. There are, however, different ideas about how to teach it, or how much priority (优先) it must be given over general language development and writing ability. The problem is how to encourage a child to express himself freely and confidently in writing without holding him back with the complexities (复杂性) of spelling.

If spelling becomes the only focal (焦点的) point of his teacher’s interest, clearly a bright child will be likely to “play safe”. He will tend to write only words within his spelling range, choosing to avoid adventurous language. That’s why teachers often encourage the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability.

I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about a personal experience: “This work is terrible! There are far too many spelling errors and your writing is terrible.” It may have been a sharp criticism of the pupil’s technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay, which contained some beautiful expressions of the child’s deep feelings. The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had centered on the child’s ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation (动机) to seek improvement.

Teachers are different in their opinions about _________.

A .the difficulties in teaching spelling

B. the role of spelling in general language development

C. the complexities of the basic writing skills

D. the necessity of teaching spelling

The underlined expression “play safe” probably means ________.

   A. to write carefully            B. to do as teachers say

   C. to use dictionaries frequently   D. to avoid using words one is not sure of

Teachers encourage the use of dictionaries so that ____________.

   A. students will be able to express their ideas more freely

   B. students will have more confidence in writing

   C. students will have less trouble in correcting mistakes

   D. students will learn to be independent of teachers

The author seems to think that the teacher’s judgment on that sensitive piece of writing is __________.

   A. unfair       B. reasonable        C. foolish         D. careless

The major point discussed in the passage is ___________.

   A. the importance of developing writing skills     

   B. the complexities of spelling

   C. the correct way of marking compositions     

   D. the relationship between spelling and the content of a composition

Every night, my mother would come to my room, lean down and push my long hair out of the way, then kiss my forehead．

I don't remember when it first started     me --her hands pushing my hair that way. But it did make me annoyed, for they felt work - worn and     against my young skin．Finally, one night, I shouted at her: “Don' t do that any more --your       are too rough！” She didn’t say anything in    ．But never again did my mother close out my day with that     expression of her love．

Time after time, with the     years, my thoughts returned to that night．I'm not a little girl any more．Mom is in her mid - seventies, and those hands I     thought to be so rough are still doing things for me and my         

Now, my own children are   . Mom no longer has Dad. It was late on that Thanksgiving Eve, as I went to sleep in the bedroom of my youth, a familiar hand     before stealing across my face to brush the     from my forehead. Then a kiss, ever so      touched my brow．In my    , thousands of times, I     the night my young voice complained.     Mom's hand in my hand, I said how     I was for that night. I thought she'd remember, as I did,     Mom didn't know what I was talking about. She had forgotten — and      —long ago.

That night, I fell asleep with a new     for my gentle mother and her caring hands. And the     I had carried around for so long was nowhere to be found．

1.A. surprising            B. hurting           C. annoying                 D. amazing

2.A. rough              B. gentle                   C. smooth                 D. strong

3.A. noises             B. words                    C. feelings                D. hands

4.A. anger               B. silence                  C. reply                     D. fear

5.A. healthy             B. familiar               C. popular                D. perfect

6.A. coming             B. remaining    C. following     D. passing

7.A. often                 B. even             C. never                 D. once

8.A. family                 B. neighbor             C. husband              D. home

9.A. developed      B. grown                    C. moved               D. forgotten

10.A. imagined                  B. hesitated              C. regretted            D. trembled

11.A. hair                           B. tears                     C. dirt           D. kisses

12.A. quickly                     B. roughly                 C. gently                    D. slowly

13.A. memory         B. opinion                 C. history                  D. diary

14.A. chanced                  B. missed                   C. hated                     D. recalled

15.A. Beating                    B. Picking                  C. Catching                D. Stopping

16.A. happy             B. sorry            C. annoyed     D. amused

17.A. and                           B. while                      C. because                D. but

18.A. remembered          B. faded                       C. forgiven             D. apologized

19.A. hope               B. appreciation        C. thought              D. approval

20.A. guilt                 B. pride            C. sorrow                D. Failure