请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填1个单词。

Color use in nature

Nature is very colorful, full of different hues（色调）that delight the eye. What makes these colors and why do they exist?

Causes of Colors in Nature

Colors in nature are formed in two ways. Pigments, like the melanin in skin and many animal furs, produce most blacks, browns, reds and yellows. Most plants are green due to chlorophyll（叶绿素）. Other colors are caused by structure, like many greens, blues, and whites. Blue bird’s feathers actually contain black pigment, but their structure causes them to appear blue. The scattering of light by tiny dust particles in the air, viewed against the black background of space, makes the sky look blue too.

Color Use in Plants

Color has a great effect on the survival of plants and animals. Flowers have bright hues and patterns to attract insects. These insects move from one flower to another, making sure seeds are produced. Bees can see colors we cannot, i.e. ultraviolet, and follow these patterns of stripes or dots to the inside of the flower.  

Not only flowers but also fruits use color for the good of the plant. An unripe fruit mixes in with the leaves, but ripe berries contrast, becoming more appealing to the creatures who eat them. Birds are especially drawn to red fruit, and in turn help the plant by broadcasting its seeds.

Camouflage（伪装）in Nature

Many colors and patterns camouflage animals who want to avoid enemies. Some animals have damaging shapes to break up their outline, so an enemy will not recognize them. The eye, a very recognizable animal characteristic, is often disguised by a black stripe or patch. Light color below makes up for the shadow on the underside of many fish, amphibians and mammals.

Some animals even change colors to better camouflage themselves, seasonally like the snowshoe hare.

Warning Coloration and Mimicry（动态伪装）

Warning colors make an animal more visible rather than hidden. These usually indicate a negative aspect of the animal, like the bad taste of a monarch butterfly, smelly smell or painful bite of a bee. Usually black and a contrasting color (white, yellow, orange or red) form a striking pattern in these creatures, and frighten their enemies away. Nature is tricky, though, and sometimes harmless creatures pretend the patterns of harmful ones to scare off animals living on meat too.  

Social Coloration in Nature

Sometimes coloration is important socially. Male birds, typically more colorful, defend their territories and attract females. Eggs may use color and pattern to remain hidden. When they hatch, parents feed the nestlings when they see the bright pattern in their gaping mouths.

Taking a closer look at nature throws light on how color is used in marvelous ways!

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ和Ｄ）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

He fell in love with her at the first sight at a party. She was so outstanding while he was so  36  . At the end of the party, he invited her to have  37  with him. She was very  38  , but she promised.

Sitting in a nice coffee shop, he was too  39  to say anything. Suddenly he

said to the waiter,“ Would you please give me some  40  ?” Everybody stared at him, so strange！His face turned red, but still, he  41   the salt in his coffee and drank it.

She asked him  42  ,“Why do you have this  43  ?”

He replied,“ When I was a little boy, I was living near the  44  . Now every time I have the salty coffee, I always think of my childhood and my  45  .”

While saying that tears  46   his eyes. She was deeply  47  . That was a really nice talk, also a beautiful beginning of their story. Later they got  48   … And, every time she made coffee for him, she put some salt in the coffee, as she knew that’s the way he liked it.

After 40 years, he passed away, leaving her a letter which  49  :

My dearest, please forgive my lie,  the only  50   I said to you --the salty coffee. The first time we  51   I was so nervous that actually I wanted some sugar. I  52   to tell you the truth many times, but I was too afraid to do that, as I have  53   not to lie to you forever… Having you is my biggest happiness even though I have to drink the salty coffee.

Her tears  54  the letter totally wet. Someday, someone asked her, “What’s the taste of salty coffee?” She replied, “It’s  55  .”

完形填空（共20小题；每小题1．5分，满分30分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ和Ｄ）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

He fell in love with her at the first sight at a party． She was so outstanding while he was so  36  ． At the end of the party, he invited her to have  37  with him． She was very  38  , but she promised．

Sitting in a nice coffee shop, he was too  39  to say anything． Suddenly he

said to the waiter,“Would you please give me some  40  ?” Everybody stared at him, so strange！His face turned red, but still, he  41   the salt in his coffee and drank it．

She asked him  42  ,“Why do you have this  43  ?”

He replied,“When I was a little boy, I was living near the  44  ． Now every time I have the salty coffee, I always think of my childhood and my  45  ．”

While saying that tears  46   his eyes． She was deeply  47  ． That was a really nice talk, also a beautiful beginning of their story． Later they got  48   … And, every time she made coffee for him, she put some salt in the coffee, as she knew that’s the way he liked it．

After 40 years, he passed away, leaving her a letter which  49  :

My dearest, please forgive my lie,  the only  50   I said to you --the salty coffee． The first time we  51   I was so nervous that actually I wanted some sugar． I  52   to tell you the truth many times, but I was too afraid to do that, as I have  53   not to lie to you forever… Having you is my biggest happiness even though I have to drink the salty coffee．

Her tears  54  the letter totally wet． Someday, someone asked her,“What’s the taste of salty coffee?”She replied,“It’s  55  ．”

A． handsome   B． pretty      C． humorous    D． ordinary

A． dinner B． coffee  C． tea     D． meal

A． surprised  B． disappointed    C． shocked D． ashamed

A． anxious    B． eager  C． nervous     D． serious

A． sugar      B． paper   C． salt    D． spoon

A． put    B． took    C． mixed  D． dipped

A． curiously  B． carefully   C． seriously   D． elegantly

A． interest   B． practice    C． hobby   D． act

A． city   B． village C． sea D． road

A． mother     B． family  C． hometown    D． friend

A． formed         B． filled  C． collected   D． appeared

A． touched    B． moved   C． inspired    D． encouraged

A． divorced   B． married C． drunk   D． hurt

A． wrote  B． spoke   C． told    D． said

A． request    B． will    C． fact    D． lie

A． danced     B． dated   C． gathered    D． talked

A． managed    B． offered C． tried   D． failed

A． promised   B． asked   C． ordered D． persuaded

A． romantic   B． salty   C． sweet   D． cosy 

My grandson, Daniel, and I have always been very close. When Daniel’s father remarried after a divorce, Daniel, who was eleven, and his little sister, Kristie, came to live with us. My husband and I were more than happy to have kids in the house again.

    Things were going along just fine until the diabetes (糖尿病) I’ve lived with most of my adult life started affecting my eyes, and then more seriously, my kidneys (肾). Then everything seemed to fall apart.

    Three times a week, I had to go to the hospital to be hooked up to a dialysis machine (透析机). I was living, but I couldn’t really call it a life — it was an existence. I had no energy. I dragged myself through daily chores and slept as much as I could. My sense of humor seemed to disappear.

    Daniel, seventeen by then, was really affected by the change in me. He tried as hard as he could to make me laugh, to bring back the grandma who loved to clown around (开玩笑) with him. Even in my sorry state, Daniel could still bring a smile to my face.

    But things were not improving. After a year on dialysis, my condition was deteriorating (恶化) and the doctors felt that if I didn’t receive a kidney transplant within six months, I would surely die. No one told Daniel this, but he knew — he said all he had to do was look after me. To top it off, as my condition worsened, there was a chance that I would become too weak to have the transplant surgery at all, and then there would be nothing they could do for me. So we started the tense and desperate wait for a kidney.

    I was adamant (坚决的) that I didn’t want a kidney from anyone I knew. I would wait until an appropriate kidney became available, or I would literally die waiting. But Daniel had other plans. The time that he took me to my dialysis appointments, he did a little secret research on his own. Then he announced his intention to me.

    “Grandma, I’m giving you one of my kidneys. I’m young and I’m healthy …” He paused. He could see I wasn’t at all happy with his offer. He continued, almost in whisper, “And most of all, I couldn’t stand it if you weren’t around.” His face wore an expression of appeal mixed with determination. He can be as stubborn as a mule (驴) once he decides on something — but I’ve been told many times that I can out-stubborn any mule!

    We argued. I couldn’t let him do it. We both knew that if he gave up his kidney, he would also give up his life’s dream; to play football. It was all he ever talked about. And he was good, too. Daniel was co-captain and star defensive tackle (防守阻截队员) of his high school team; he expected to apply for a football scholarship and was looking forward to playing college football. He just loved the sport.

    “How can I let you throw away the thing that means the most to you?” I pleaded with him.

    “Grandma,” he said softly, “compared to your life, football means nothing to me.”

    After that, I couldn’t argue anymore. So we agreed to see if he was a good donor (捐赠者) match, and then we’d discuss it further. When the tests came back, they showed Daniel was a perfect match. That was it. I knew I wasn’t going to win that argument, so we scheduled the transplant.

    Both surgeries went smoothly. As soon as I came out of the anesthesia (麻醉) , I could tell things were different. I felt great! The nurses in the intensive care unit had to keep telling me to lie back and be quiet — I wasn’t supposed to be that lively! I was afraid to go to sleep, for fear I would break the spell (魔法) and wake up the way I had been before. But the good feeling didn’t go away, and I spent the evening joking and laughing with anyone who would listen. It was so wonderful to feel alive again.

    The next day they moved me out of ICU and onto the floor where Daniel was recuperating (复原) three doors away. His grandfather helped him walk down to see me as soon as I was moved into my room. When we saw each other, we did not know what to say. Holding hands, we just sat there and looked at each other for a long time, overwhelmed by the deep feeling of love that connected us.

    Finally, he spoke, “Was it worthwhile, grandma?”

    I laughed a little ruefully (懊悔). “It was for me! But was it for you?” I asked him.

    He nodded and smiled at me. “I’ve got my grandma back.”

    And I have my life back. It still amazes me. Every morning, when I wake up, I thank God —and Daniel — for this miracle. A miracle born of the purest love.

1.Grandma’s diabetes brought about all the following EXCEPT that _______.

A. her eyes and her kidneys were affected

B. grandma became quite a different person

C. Daniel had to be sent back to his father

D. everything was thrown into confusion

2.When grandma was at her lowest, what did Daniel do to bring her back to her usual life?

A. He tried his best to make her laugh.     

B. He helped her with the daily chores.

C. He gave up his dream of going to college.     

D. He searched desperately for a good donor match.

3.How did grandma feel when Daniel announced his intention to give her one of his kidneys?

A. She was moved by his selfless decision.

B. She wasn’t at all happy with his offer.

C. She felt relieved that an appropriate kidney was available.

D. She was enthusiastic about having a kidney of someone she loved.

4.What would giving up a kidney mean to Daniel, according to the passage?

A. He wouldn’t be young and healthy thereafter.

B. He didn’t have to search for a good match any more.

C. He could apply for a full scholarship to a college he desired.

D. He would also give up his life’s dream: to play football.

5.How was grandma when she came out of the anesthesia after the surgery?

A. She was feeling low.                B. She was full of life.

C. She was exhausted.                D. She was the way she had been before.

6.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

A. Grandma got her life back thanks to Daniel’s selfless donation.

B. Grandma thought her returning to life was a miracle of pure love.

C. Daniel agreed with grandma that the transplant was worthwhile for her, not for him.

D. Much as he loved football, grandma’s life meant the most to Daniel.

Not many people can say that they have lived in two totally different environments, and technically neither can I. I have lived in the same house in the same Connecticut town my whole life, but a lot of my childhood and teenage years have been spent visiting my family in New York City.

Wethersfield is a typical New England town, a small close community (社区) where almost everyone knows your name. My friends all go to the same high school and my parents are friendly with my friends’ parents. Most of my friends don’t realize what life is like outside this little town. Maybe every so often a few take a day trip to Manhattan or Boston, but none really knows what it’s like to live in an urban environment.

My parents are both from New York City and since they have siblings and friends who still live there, we visit a lot. From an early age I have been exposed to urban life. Jeff, one of my cousins, lives with his mother in a one-bedroom apartment in Brooklyn. He has never had his own room and has always been very much on his own. I don’t think any of my friends could understand how someone could live like that. www.zxxk.com

When I go to the city I see things I would never see in my hometown. I see poverty and people struggling to make a living. I observe a whole different pace; there, you’re just one guy living with millions of others who will never know your name.

I feel blessed to have experienced the lifestyles of two completely different places. I am grateful for the opportunities I have had. I feel that living in Wethersfield has given me a solid base in forming my character and the ability to deal in a close-knit society. On the other hand, my time spent in New York has exposed me to diverse cultural experiences. I feel that I would be comfortable in any environment and could make the best of any situation.

1.According to the author, most of his friends in the town _____.

A. have never experienced city life

B. can only understand the rural life

C. prefer the small close community

D. know little about the real city life

2.The underlined word “siblings” in paragraph 3 means _____.

A. schoolmates B. colleagues              C. relatives                  D. parents

3.The author’s life in New York has brought him _____.

A. his present character                                B. the social ability   

C. the comfort of city life                     D. diverse cultural experiences        

4.What could be the best title for the passage?

A. A Small Town and a Big City

B. A Man of Two Different Worlds

C. Experience Various Environments

D. Make the Best of Diverse Cultures