A study led by Professor Mark Weiser of Tel Aviv University and the Sheba Medical Center at Tel Hashomer Hospital has determined that young men who smoke are likely to have lower IQs than their non-smoking peers (同龄人). Tracking 18-to 21-year-old men enlisted in the Israeli army in the largest ever study of its kind, he has been able to demonstrate an important connection between the number of cigarettes young males smoke and their IQ.

The average IQ for a non-smoker was about 101, while the smokers’ average was more than seven IQ points lower, at about 94, the study determined. The IQs of young men who smoked more than a pack a day were lower still, at about 90. An IQ score in a healthy population of such young men, with no mental disorders(心理疾病), falls within the range of 84 to 116.

An addiction that doesn’t discriminate(歧视)

“In the health profession, we’ve generally thought that smokers are most likely the kind of people who have grown up in difficult neighborhoods, or who’ve been given less education at good schools,” says Weiser, whose study was reported in a recent version of the journal, Addiction, “But because our study included subjects with various socio-economic backgrounds, we’ve been able to rule out socio-economics as a major factor. The government might want to rethink how it arranges its educational resources on smoking.

Making the results more significant, the study also measured effects in twin brothers. In the case where one twin smoked, the non-smoking twin registered a higher IQ on average.

Although a lower IQ may suggest a greater risk for smoking addiction, the representing data on IQ and smoking found that most of the smokers investigated in the study had IQs within the average range, nevertheless.

In the study, researchers took data from more than 20,000 men before, during and after their time in the military. All men in the study were considered in good health, since pre-screening(筛选的)measures for suitability in the army had already been taken. The researchers found that around 28 percent of their samples smoked one or more cigarettes a day, 3 percent considered themselves ex-smokers, and 68 percent said they never smoked.

“People on the lower end of the average IQ tend to display poorer overall decision-making skills when it comes to their health,” says Weiser. He adds that his finding can help address serious concern among heath counsellors at grade and high schools.

1.The study led by Professor Mark Weiser shows that            .

2.According to the passage, a smoking man’s IQ is most likely to be            .

3.What can be learned from the passage?

4.What is the meaning of the underlined part “An addiction that doesn’t discriminate”?

Certainly dustmen prefer to be known as "Reuse Collection and Disposal Officers". You may think that this is rather    36  , and it is better to call a spade a spade. But dustmen can be as    37   as people of any other occupation, though we must     38    that their job is not a    39     one in the world. We often take dustmen for granted. Perhaps because they usually come very early in the morning, before most people are     40    .We are likely to forget their     41    .Our dustbins are    42    regularly, but we    43     stop to think about the men who do this. However, it is one of the most important jobs in the world, and when there are no dustmen to    44    the rubbish, the general    45    soon becomes aware that something is wrong. Recently, the dustmen of England went on strike for higher wages.

During the first few days it was regarded as a    46   .But when the first two weeks had passed, and the dustbins were overflowing in nearly every backyard in the country, the joke did not seem so    47    any more.    48    the strike continued, people could not    49    the hills of rubbish around their dustbins, and they looked for other places in which to    50   it. Even Leicester Square, in the heart of West End of London, was    51    high with plastic bags full of smelly rubbish. This was a（n）    52    attraction that the people of London were not at all     53    to see. Even when the strike was over, it took several weeks for the country to get cleaned up completely. Perhaps now the English people appreciate the work of    54   dustmen rather more    55    and won't take them for granted any more.

1.

 A.clever         B.silly           C.interesting        D.reasonable

2.

 A.sensitive      B.careless                     C.hopeful             D.shy

3.

 A.realize        B.believe                     C.know            D.admit

4.

A.necessary      B.difficult                      C.romantic          D.heavy

5.

 A.away           B.up                    C.down            D.in

6.

 A.existence      B.presence                       C.absence         D.performance

7.

 A.cleaned        B.filled          C.emptied            D.burned

8.

 A.generally      B.frequently                      C.sometimes        D.seldom

9.

A.take away      B.take off                        C.take up         D.take on

10.

A.society        B.citizen                     C.public          D.community

11.

 A.trick          B.joke                     C.trouble         D.show

12.

 A.pleasing       B.excited                       C.stupid           D.funny

13.

A.When           B.While            C.As              D.Because

14.

 A.bear           B.contain                    C.manage            D.control

15.

 A.keep off       B.give up                       C.take care of    D.get rid of

16.

 A.crowded        B.piled                       C.fixed           D.put

17.

 A.business       B.industrial                    C.tourist         D.agricultural

18.

 A.disappointed     B.serious                      C.nervous         D.happy

19.

 A.its             B.her                       C.his             D.their

20.

 A.highly                          B.eagerly                 C.lowly           D.entirely

In a cab, a woman seemed in such a hurry. She constantly rushed the cab driver to drive quickly. She was so absorbed in her own thoughts of getting to the airport as soon as possible that she was not aware they were going by a different route.

All of a sudden, a young man got inside the cab. He took her handbag in which she had put her visa, passport, and all the money for the trip.

The cab driver, who was in collusion with the robber, left her in the exactly middle of a dark street. She thought that she was rather unfortunate in the very situation.

During the very night, she was told a piece of shocking news. Tears came down her cheek. Flight 360, the plane that she should have got on board, had crashed. Had she not lost her important belongings, she could surely have lost the thing far more precious——her life.

Sometimes bad things really happen. There are times when nothing seems to go our way. So what should we do about it? We must get rid of all these frustrations and start all over again in the faith that we will get what we deserve. 

Don’t waste your time and energy on things that can’t be changed. Continuous worrying will only affect your health and you’ll be doing much more damage than what was previously done.

What if it was the other way round? What if we never ran out of good luck?

There was a man who won the lottery. He became greedy and wasted all his money on everything he could get his hands on.

But when he one day made it to the front page of the newspaper again, it was a different story. He had been killed because of his riches. If you attain good luck, you can never be too secure about it. Life is so unpredictable. You never know what will happen next.

Live one day at a time. We sometimes subject ourselves to unnecessary emotional trouble. But please don’t forget: sometimes misfortune can be the source of happiness. Live for the moment. Do what must be done for the present and the future will turn out just fine. Believe me. And believe in yourself. As Captain Planet always says, “The power is yours！”

1. The underlined phrase “in collusion with” in Paragraph 3 probably means “________.”

A. was forced by                              B. was fighting bravely against 

C. was doing one’s best to beg             D. had cooperated with

2. From the passage, we learn that ________.

A. robbers are sure to get what they want        

B. somebody never runs out of good luck

C. the woman was lucky to miss her flight 

D. if one feels oneself lucky, he or she will continue to be so

3. The writer presents the second example in order to ________.

A. warn people of the danger of winning the lottery

B. tell people life is unpredictable

C. encourage people to buy lottery  

D. persuade people not to be greedy

4. According to the author, which of the following choices is the correct attitude to adopt to life?

A. Never waste any time or energy because time is so limited.

B. One needn’t be worried or feel frustrated. Believe in yourself.

C. Even while everything appears to be going smoothly, we should keep fully alert.

D. Worrying about what you don’t have

5. The passage above is intended to tell us ________.

A. misfortune sometimes is a blessing

B. we should save up for a rainy day

C. fortune just goes with those prepared minds

D. both losses and gains go hand in hand

A woman was in a hurry to go to the airport. She told the cab driver to drive quickly. She was so absorbed in her own thoughts that she was not aware they were going by a different route.

Suddenly, a man got inside the cab. He took her handbag where she had placed her visa, passport, and all her money for the trip.

The driver, who was in cahoots with the robber, left her in the middle of that dark street. She cursed the world for being so mean to her, and thought how unlucky she was in that situation.

That very same night, she heard some shocking news．Tears flowed down her face．Flight 230,which was the plane that she was supposed to have boarded, had crashed．If she had not lost her precious belongings, she could have lost something far more important—her life．

Sometimes bad things really happen．We lose money, fail our exams, or are rejected by others．There are times when nothing seems to go our way．

So what should we do about it? Should we be disappointed? The answer is a resounding “No!" We must get rid of all these frustrations and start all over again in the consistent faith that we will get what we deserve．

Don't waste your time and energy on things that can't be changed．Continuous worrying will only affect your health and you'll be doing much more damage than what was previously done．

What if it was the other way round? What if we never ran out of good luck?

There was a man who won the lottery．He thought he was the luckiest person in the world．He became greedy and wasted all his money on everything he could get his hands on．

One day, he made it to the front page of the newspaper again．But this time, it was a different story．He had been killed because of his riches．

If you attain good luck, you can never be too secure about it．Hope for protection and guidance．Life is so unpredictable．You never know what will happen next．

Live one day at a time．we sometimes subject ourselves to unnecessary emotional trouble．We ask ourselves: "What if I don't get this done in time?" or "What if my family leaves me and I've got no one else to turn to?"

Live for the moment．Do what must be done for the present and the future will turn out just fine． Believe me．And believe in yourself．As Captain Planet always says: "The power is yours!"

1.The underlined phrase "in cahoots with" in Paragraph 3 probably means "____"．

2.From the passage, we learn that___．

3.According to the author, which of the following is the right attitude to adopt towards life?

4.The stories are intended to tell us___．

Most people in business have a strong sense that meetings are demanding more and more of their time. Fifty years ago meetings were barely necessary – the boss decided what was going to happen and told employees in a brief office memo.

Now everything in business is discussed extensively in large meetings attended by anybody who has the remotest interest in the subject. The gradual erosion of formal systems of authority has increased the appetite for face-to-face meetings. Consultation and discussion has taken the place of direct instruction.

The amount of travel to get to these meetings is increasing. More than nine million people passed through Heathrow(希思罗机场) in 2005 on the way to internal company events. As a consequence, corporate travel is a growing part of UK carbon emissions(排放). It would be easy to say we must reverse the trend towards more meetings to reduce the climate-change impact of modern business. Unfortunately, it is not going to be easy. Some interesting recent research shows that most of the attendees at corporate meetings do complain about the waste of time involved. But when they were questioned in private, the picture changes. Only 15 per cent of people rated their most recent meeting adversely. Though most attendees saw room for improvement, meetings were valuable both in helping build plans for action and in making employees feel part of the organization.

But do these meetings have to be face-to-face? British Telecom recently presented some data on the success of its internal voice conferencing. In the most recent year, more than two million telephone conferences took place in the company. BT estimates a saving of over ??200m from the use of this technology and a cut of almost 100,000 tonnes of CO2. Of course BT has a clear interest in telling us that phone meetings are a good substitute for wasteful corporate get-togethers. So far, such conferencing has struggled to take off as people have tended to prefer to travel. It is, after all, rather more difficult to understand the boss's body language over the phone. Nevertheless, BT's research on the considerable benefits of conferencing is reasonable. Rather than try to get rid of apparently unproductive meetings, we need to find ways to make telephone and video conferences ever better substitutes for those traditional meetings.

Why are there more and more meetings according to the passage?

A. Because the formal systems of authority has been established.

B. Because people prefer to solve problems through discussion.

C. Because the organizations are getting more and more complex.

D. Because modern transportation has been developing rapidly.

The word “ adversely” in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to ______.

A. approvingly       B. enthusiastically         C. feasibly             D. unfavourably

British Telecom presented the figures to prove that voice conferencing _______.

A. stimulates the development of technology       B. plays a vital role in large organizations

C. may well replace conventional ones         D. brings large profit to the company

What can we learn from the passage?

       A. Traditional face-to-face meetings bring more benefits than harm.

       B. Corporate travel contributes a lot to environmental problems.

       C. The idea of telephone conference is well accepted by employees.

       D. Meetings should be abandoned because they are a waste of time.