Half of all bosses say a lack of sleep makes them irritable (易怒的) and prone to(有……倾向的) shout at their staff, a study said.

One in five managers also said being kept awake at night meant they were more likely to make mistakes, the Mori poll of 1,006 people revealed(显示).

Some 48% of people aged 35 to 44 said they did not get enough sleep compared to a national average 39%.

Among that age group, people with young children and managerial (管理的) jobs were most likely to suffer. 

The report, commissioned (委托) by the think tank De??mos and Ikea, said the issue of sleep had been forgotten in the work / life balance debate.

Report author Charles Leadbeater said, "On any working day, a quarter of all managers in Britain are likely to be in a bad mood because they have not slept well. "

"These sleep-deprived and shouty managers with a tend??ency to make mistakes are responsible for millions of British workers. It’s hardly a recipe for good management. "

And Mr. Leadbeater called on the government and em??ployers to take action.

A small loss of sleep is likely to have a big impact on people who lead stressful lives.

"Stressed out parents are already not sleeping enough. They are the people most likely to have their sleep disrupted and they are least able to recover."  

Apart from children keeping their parents awake, worrying about work is the biggest cause of wakefulness at night among managers.

Women are five times more likely than men to lose sleep because their partners snore (打呼噜).

The report predicted that there was likely to be a growing market of　sleep-deprived people, with an increase in "public napping".

Opportunities to take a nap at work are also likely to in??crease, and the report recommended that employers take their responsibility for ensuring employees were well slept more se??riously.

Peter Jelkeby, marketing manager at Ikea, said the re??search confirmed suspicions Britons were not getting enough sleep.  

And he added: "This is having a detrimental effect on our society as a whole. "

9. Which of following is true according to the text?

A. Half of the people say a lack of sleep makes them irrita??ble.

B. 20% managers said being kept awake at night meant they were more likely to make mistakes.

C. Some 48% of people said they did not get enough sleep.

D. People with young children and managerial jobs were most likely to suffer.

10. What does the underlined word "detrimental" mean?

A 良好的.          B.有害的           C.片面的     D.致命的

11. Who that suffered sleep disrupted are least able to recover?

A. The bosses.                 B. Managers.

C. People aged 35 to 44.               D. Stressed out parents.

12. Apart from children keeping: their parents awake, ________is the biggest cause of wakefulness at night among managers.

A. worrying about work            B. their partners’ snoring

C. the relationship                        D. working conditions

 [1] While the Amazon may seem far away, we are all closely connected to it through our actions. Now there are largely the results of great demand for forest products and agriculture land, which makes its plant and animal species in danger. Fortunately, we can help save the Amazon rainforest by making the right choices in our daily lives. By being smart consumers, we can make a difference and help reduce human pressures on the forests and rivers.

[2] Look for forestt products that you don ’ t need to destroy forests to get. We can choose many rainforest products like Brazil nuts and coffee, which can be got without destroying forests. And at the same time the money you provide can help local people to _______________.

[3] Recycle everything possible. Such items as batteries, cloth, glass, paper in our daily life can be recycled with different techniques. For example, the collected glass pieces are taken to a glass recycling factory where they are madeinto new glass bottles through a series of processing.

[4] Buy the rightpets. Many wild animals are illegally caught in the Amazon and sold as pets and large numbers of these animals die in the process. It ’ s important to ask where the animal comes from and to require a store to give you proof when you decide to buy a pet.

[5] Carefully select the appliances( 家用电器 ) in your home . For example, order low-flow shower heads ( 喷头 ),which can reduce your use of hot water and use of energy to heat the water. So it ’ s wise to select the appliances which can save energy.

[6] Turn off appliances that you are not using and take the plug off them..Switch off TVs, computers, lights, etc. even when they are not being used and make sure the plug off the switch of some appliances that se electricity including TVs, video and audio systems, computers.

76. What is the main idea of the text ? (no more than 8 words)

________________________________________________________________________________

77. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words. (no more than 4 words)

And at the same time the money you provide can help local people to ________________________

78. L i st two threats to the wildlife in Amazon.(no more than 5 words)

________________________________________________________________________________

79. What ’ s the purpose of choosing the appliances carefully ?(no more than 4 words)

________________________________________________________________________________

80. What does the word “ they ” (L i ne 2, Paragraph 6) probably refer to?(no more than 1 word)

Certainly no creature in the sea is stranger than the common sea cucumber(海参). All living creatures, especially human beings, have their features, but everything about the little sea cucumber seems unusual. What else can be said about an unusual animal that eats mud, feeds almost continuously day and night but can live without eating for long periods, and can be poisonous but is considered eatable?

For some fifty million years, in spite of all its strange features, the sea cucumber has lived on its diet of mud. It is adaptable enough to live attached to rocks by its tube feet, under rocks in shallow water, or on the surface of mud flats. Common in cool water on both Atlantic and Pacific shores, it has the ability to suck up mud or sand and digest whatever nutrients are present.

Sea cucumbers come in a variety of colors, ranging from black to reddish-brown to sand-color and nearly white. One form even has vivid purple tentacles(触须). Usually the creature are cucumber-shaped----where their name comes from----and because they live in rocks, this shape, combined with flexibility, enables them to press into crevices(岩石缝隙) where they are safe from animal eater and ocean currents.

Although they have greedy desire for food, eating day and night, sea cucumbers have the ability to become still and live at a low metabolic(新陈代谢) rate----feeding a little or not at all for long periods, so that the living things in the ocean that provide their food have a chance to increase by a large amount. If it were not for this natural ability, they would swallow all the food available in a short time and would probably starve themselves out of existence.

   But the most impressive thing about the sea cucumber is the way it defends itself. Its major enemies are fish and crabs. When attacked, it forces all its internal organs(内脏) in its body out into water. It also removes attached structures such as tentacles. The sea cucumber will get rid of its organs and grow itself again if it is attacked or even touched; it will do the same if the surrounding water temperature is too high or if the water becomes too polluted.

1.According to the passage, why is the shape of sea cucumbers important?

   A. It makes them attractive to fish.

   B. It helps them to digest their food.

   C. It helps them to protect themselves from danger.

   D It makes it easier for them to move through the mud.

2.The fourth paragraph of the passage mainly discusses _____.

   A. the reproduction of sea cucumbers

   B. the food sources of sea cucumbers

   C. the eating habits of sea cucumbers

   D. the danger to sea cucumbers’ existence

3.What can be inferred about the defense system of the sea cucumber?

   A. They are similar to those of most se a creatures.

   B. They are very sensitive to the surroundings.

   C. They require group cooperation.

   D.They are almost useless.

4.Which of the following would NOT cause a sea cucumber to give away its internal organs into the water?

   A. Touch                        B. Food                 C. Temperature                    D. Pollution

5.The best title of the passage is “__________”.

A. The variety of sea cucumbers

B. The sources of sea cucumbers

C. The similarity of sea

D. The strange creature ----sea cucumbers