E　　
As a result of pollution , Lake Erie , on the borders of the USA and Canada, is now without any living things.　　
Pollution in water is not simply a matter of “poisons” killing large numbers of fish overnight. Very often the effects of pollution are not noticed for many months or years because the first organism(生物体 ) to be affected are either plants or plankton. But these organisms are the food of fish and birds and other creatures. When this food disappears, the fish and birds die too. In this way a whole food chain can be wiped out, and it is not until dead fish and water birds are seen at the river’s edge or on the sea shore that people realize what is happening.　　
Where do the substances which pollute the water come form? There are two main sources sewage (污水) and industrial waste. As more detergent (洗涤剂 ) is used in the home, so more of it is finally put into our rivers. lakes and seas. Detergents harm water birds dissolving the natural substances which keep their feathers waterproof. Sewage itself, if not properly treated, makes the water dirty and prevents all forms of life in rivers and the sea from receiving the oxygen they need. Industrial waste is even more harmful since there are many highly poisonous things in it, such as copper and lead(铅 ).　　
So , if we want or stop this pollution , the answer is simple: sewage and industrial waste must be made clean before flowing into the water. It may already be too late to save some rivers and lakes, but others can still be saved if the correct action is taken at once.　　
72. Pollution in water is noticed _____. 　　
A. when the first organisms are affected    B. when a good many fish and birds die 　　
C. when poisonous things are poured into water      　　
D. as soon as the balance of nature is destroyed 　　
73. The living things die because there is no ____ in the lake or river.  　　
A. water          B. fish               C. poison           D. oxygen 　　
74. Which of the following is harmful according to the passage? 　　
A. Organisms                             B. Plants and plankton in the water     　　
C. Waste water from cleaning   D. Industrial waste made clear before flowing into the water 　　
75.The way to stop water pollution is _______.　　
A. realize the serious situation clearly 　　
B. put oxygen into the river 　　
C. make the waste material harmless before flowing into the water 　　
D. make special room in the sea for our rubbish　　

We shall not drown if we remember these rules:

1. Never 　　 swim alone.
2. Never 　　 swim at a beach if there is no lifeguard.
3. Never 　　 swim after a meal or when you feel hungry.
4. Never 　　 rely on rings, floats or other swimming aids. You may lose them or they 　　 may let you sink.
5. Do 　　 not stay in the water too long, especially if it is cold.
6. Before 　　 you dive, be sure that the water is deep enough and that you will not hit 　　 anybody.
7. Never 　　 go out in a boat if you can’t swim or if you are not wearing a life 　　 jacket.

If you fall into difficulty, this is that you should do:

1.　　   Keep calm. Save your strength and breath.

2.　　   Try to float on your back or tread(踩)water. To tread water, move your feet as if you are climbing some stairs.

3.　　   Raise your right arm for help.

Remember: A red flag means that it is dangerous for all swimmers to enter the water. A blue flag means that it is dangerous for children and weak swimmers to enter the water.

1．When you see a red flag, you know that　　   .

A. no one should swim there

B. anyone may swim there

C. only strong swimmers should swim there

D. children should swim there

2．We can go swimming   　　.

A. after a meal　　　　　　　　　　　　  B. if we have a ring

C. in deep cold water　　　　　　　　　　 D. with our friends

3．We should dive only when　　    .

A. the water is deep enough

B. the water is warm

C. the water is cold

D. we are not alone

4．What the writer wants to say is 　　　　.

A. rings and floats are of no use

B. boats are not safe

C. we must be very careful in swimming

D. swimming is a bad sport

5．We should　　   when in difficulty.

A. hold our breath

B. keep calm and let other know

C. put up our arms

D. be silent

In 1982, Steven Callahan was crossing the Atlantic alone in his sailboat when it struck something and sank．He got into a life boat, but his supplies were 　21 ．His chances of surviving were small． 22　 when three fishermen found him 76 days later, he was alive —much 　23 than he was when he started, but alive．

His 　24 of how he survived is fascinating．His cleverness —how he 　25 to catch fish, how he evaporated（蒸发） sea water to 　26 fresh water—is very interesting．

But the thing that　 27　 my eye was how he managed to keep himself going when all hope seemed lost, and there seemed no 　28 in continuing the struggle．He was starved and 29　 worn-out．Giving up would have seemed the only possible choice．

When people 　30　 these kinds of circumstances, they do something with their minds that gives them the courage to keep going．Many people in 　31　 desperate circumstances 32　 in or go mad．Something the survivors do with their thoughts helps them find the courage to carry on 　33　 difficulties．

"I tell myself I can 　34　 it," wrote Callahan in his book．-Compared to what others have been through, I'm fortunate．I tell myself these things over and over, 35　 up courage．．．"

I wrote that down after 1 read it．It 　36 me as something important．And I've told myself the same thing when my own goals seemed　 37 off or when my problems seemed too terrible．And every time I've said it, I have always come back to my 　38　 ．

The truth is, our circumstances are only bad　 39 to something better．But others have been through the much worse, that is, in comparison with what others have been through, you're fortunate．Tell this to yourself over and over again, and it will help you　 40　 through the rough situations with a little more courage．

21．A．full　　　　　　 B．rich　　　　 　　　 C．few　　　　　　 D．enough

22．A．And　　　　　 　 B．Yet　　　 　　　C．Still　　　　　　 D．Thus

23．A．thinner　　　　 B．stronger　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　 C．worse　　　　　 D．healthier

24．A．attitude　　　　 B．assumption　　　 C．instruction　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　 D．account

25．A．assisted　　　　 　 B．tended　　　　　 C．managed　　　　 D．intended

26．A．make　　　　　 　 B．absorb　　　　　 C．select　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　 D．replace

27．A．attacked　　　　 B．caught　　　　　 C．froze　　　　　 D．cheated

28．A．operation　　 　 B．taste　　　 　　　　 C．message　　　　 D．point

29．A．firmly　　　　　 B．completely　 　　　 C．hardly　　　　　 D．generally

30．A．deal　　　　　　 B．defend　　　　　 C．survive　　　　 D．observe

31．A．similarly　　　 　 B．differently　　　 C．gradually　　　　 D．commonly

32．A．pull　　　　　 　 B．take　　　　　　 C．break　　　　　 D．give

33．A．for the lack of　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B．in the face of　　 　　　　 C．in exchange for　 D．as a result of

34．A．handle　　　　 　 B．carry　　　　 　　 C．follow　　　　　 D．inspect

35．A．rolling　　　　 　 B．using　　 　　　　　 C．building　　　　 D．making

36．A．defeated　　　　 B．recommended　　 C．introduced　　　 D．struck

37．A．far　　　　　　　　　　　　 B．long　　　　　　　　　　　 C．ever　　　　　　　　　　　 D．even

38．A．feelings　　　　　　　　　 B．senses　　　　　　　　　 C．ideas　　　　　　　　　　 D．influences

39．A．related　　　　　　　　　 B．measured　　　　　　　 C．contributed　　　　　　 D．compared

40．A．see　　　　　　　　　　　　 B．cut　　　　　　　　　　　　 C．get　　　　　　　　　　　　 D．think

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

　 In 1982, Steven Callahan was crossing the Atlantic alone in his sailboat when it struck something and sank. He got into a life boat, but his supplies were 　1 . His chances of surviving were small. 　2 when three fishermen found him 76 days later, he was alive—much 　3 than he was when he started, but alive.

His 　4 of how he survived is fascinating. His cleverness — how he 　5 to catch fish, how he evaporated（蒸发）sea water to 　6 fresh water — is very interesting.

But the thing that 　7 my eye was how he managed to keep himself going when all hope seemed lost, and there seemed no 　8 in continuing the struggle. He was starved and 　9 worn-out. Giving up would have seemed the only possible choice.

When people 　10 these kinds of circumstances (境遇), they do something with their minds that gives them the courage to keep going. Many people in 　11 desperate circumstances 　12 in or go mad. Something the survivors do with their thoughts helps them find the courage to carry on 13 difficulties.

“I tell myself I can 　14 it,” wrote Callahan in his book. “Compared to what others have been through, I’m fortunate. I tell myself these things over and over, 　15 up courage…”

I wrote that down after I read it. It 　16 me as something important. And I’ve told myself the same thing when my own goals seemed 　17 off or when my problems seemed too terrible. And every time I’ve said it, I have always come back to my 　18 .

The truth is, our circumstances are only bad compared to something better. But others have been through the much worse, that is, in comparison with 19 others have been through, you’re fortunate. Tell this to yourself over and over again, and it will help you 　20 the rough situations with a little more courage.

1. A. little　 　　　 B. rich　 　　　　 C. few　 　　　 D. enough

2. A. And　 　　　 B. Yet　 　　　　　C. Still　 　　　 D. Thus

3. A. thinner 　　　B. stronger 　　　 C. worse　 　　 D. healthier

4. A. attitude 　　 B. assumption 　　 C. instruction 　 D. account

5. A. assisted 　　 B. tended　 　　　　C. managed 　　D. intended

6. A. make　 　　　B. absorb　 　　　　C. select　 　　 D. replace

7. A. attacked 　　 B. attracted　 　　　C. caught　 　　　D. drew

8. A. need　 　　　B. taste　 　　　　　C. message 　　D. point

9. A. firmly　 　　　B. completely 　　 C. hardly　 　　 D. generally

10. A. deal　 　　　　B. defend　 　　　 C. survive 　　　D. observe

11. A. similarly 　　 B. differently 　　 C. gradually 　　D. commonly

12. A. pull 　　　　　B. take　 　　　　 C. break　 　　　 D. give

13. A. for the lack of 　B. in the face of 　　C. in exchange for D. as a result of

14. A. handle　 　　　B. carry　 　　　　C. follow　 　　　D. inspect

15. A. rolling　 　　　B. using　 　　　　C. building 　　　D. making

16. A. defeated 　　 B. recommended 　　C. introduced 　　D. struck

17. A. far　 　　　　 B. long　 　　　　 C. ever　 　　　　D. even

18. A. supplies 　　　B. senses　 　　　 C. ideas　 　　　　D. influences

19. A. how　 　　　　B. that 　　　　　 C. which 　　　　D. what

20. A. get round　 　　B. get over　 　　 C. get through 　　 D. get off