Whether we’re 2 years old or 62, our reasons for lying are mostly the same: to get out of trouble, for personal gain and to make ourselves look better in the eyes of others. But a growing body of research is raising questions about how a child’s lie is different from an adult’s lie, and how the way we deceive changes as we grow.

“Parents and teachers who catch their children lying should not be alarmed. Their children are not going to turn out to be abnormal liars,” says Dr. Lee, a professor at the University of Toronto and director of the Institute of Child Study. He has spent the last 15 years studying how lying changes as kids get older, why some people lie more than others as well as which factors can reduce lying. The fact that children tell lies is a sign that they have reached a new developmental stage. Dr. Lee conducted a series of studies in which they bring children into a lab with hidden cameras. Children and young adults aged 2 to 17 are likely to lie while being told not to look at a toy, which is put behind the child’s back. Whether or not the child takes a secret look is caught on tape.

For young kids, the desire to cheat is big and 90% take a secret look in these experiments. When the test-giver returns to the room, the child is asked if he or she looked secretly. At age 2, about a quarter of children will lie and say they didn’t. By 3, half of kids will lie, and by 4, that figure is 90%, studies show.

Researchers have found that it’s kids with better understanding abilities who lie more. That’s because to lie you also have to keep the truth in mind, which includes many brain processes, such as combining several sources of information and faking that information. The ability to lie — and lie successfully  — is thought to be related to development of brain regions that allow so called “executive functioning”, or higher order thinking and reasoning abilities. Kids who perform better on tests that involve executive functioning also lie more.

1.What’s the purpose of children telling lies?

   A. To help their friends out.

B. To get rid of trouble.

   C. To get attention from others.

D. To create a popular image.

2.The underlined word “deceive” in Paragraph 1 can be replaced by “       ”.

A. tell lies                                B. handle troubles

C. raise questions                      D. do research

3.From the second paragraph we can know that       .

    A. which factors can reduce lying

B. why some lie more than others

C. it is normal for kids to tell lies

D. how lying changes as kids grow

4.It can be inferred from the passage that        .

A. children’s lies are the same as adults’

B. the better kids are, the more they lie

C. the older kids are, the more they lie

D. kids always keep the truth in their mind

5.What is NOT included in the passage?

A. The reasons why kids tell lies.

B. Which kind of kids tells more lies.

C. Experiments about lying of young kids.

D. What to do with lying children.

A couple had two little boys aged 8 and 10 who were very naughty．They were always getting into trouble and their parents knew that if any trouble occurred in their town their sons were probably involved.
The boys' mother heard that a clergyman（牧师） in the town had been successful in educating children so she asked if he would speak with her boys．The clergyman agreed but asked to see them individually．So the mother sent her 8-year-old first in the morning with the elder boy to see the clergyman in the afternoon.
The clergyman, a huge man with a booming （嗡嗡） voice, sat the younger boy down and asked him strictly, "Where is God?"
The boy's mouth dropped open but he made no answer, sitting there with his mouth hanging open, wide-eyed．So the clergyman repeated the question in an even stricter tone "Where is God?" Again the boy made no attempt to answer．So the clergyman raised his voice even more and shook his finger in the boy's face and shouted" Where is God?"
The boy screamed and escaped from the room, ran directly home and dove into his closet, slamming the door behind him．When his elder brother found him in the closet, he asked "What happened?"
The younger brother replied out of breath, "We are in big trouble this time．God is missing--and they think we did it．"
【小题1】What were the two boys like?

I went into Harrods in London (a huge department store I am sure you have heard of) to buy some Minton china plates for a wedding anniversary which was to be a group gift from friends to other friends in Geneva.

Having only 30 minutes between meeting. I whizzed there in a taxi from the office and battled through the milling people on the 2nd day of the sales on the ground floor up to the 5th to the china department. There was a man standing there who was obviously a sales person who I rushed up to and asked if he had this particular china in stock and if it would take long to wrap, etc. He was amazing. He got the plates in seconds, wrapped them up and asked me if I wanted a store card, to which I replied no, because I lived in Switzerland, to which he replied asking if, as I lived abroad, would like a tax rebate form(退税表). After that he showed me what to do, produced a map of the store and told me where I should go for the formalities(程序). That was fabulous! I thanked him and said what wonderful service he had given me. I even asked if he gave this to everyone, to which he answered: “I’m just doing what is required at Harrods”. With that, a tall man in a gray suit approached me and offered his hand to shake mine saying, “Can I introduce myself? I am the Chief Executive of Harrods and what an interesting conversation I have just heard…” He had been wandering through the store (as you should do as a hands-on CEO) and had overheard me thanking this salesman, whose face, I can hardly describe, was frozen in a mixture of delight awe and astonishment!

Can you imagine the salesman going home to his family and friends recounting what the CEO spoke to him after overhearing him being praised by a customer?

1.The writer went to Harrods to __________.

A．kill time           B．buy some gifts      C．go sightseeing      D．shop for her wedding

2.What does the underlined word “whiz” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?

A．drive             B．arrive            C．rush             D．leave

3.Which of the following sentences can best replace “I’m just doing what is required at Harrods” in the second paragraph?

A．“I’m an honest man.”

B．“I must obey the rules.”

C．“Harrods is strict with its employees.”

D．“Anybody will receive our good service.”

4.As soon as she bought what she wanted, the writer________.

A．went to a meeting.                      B．flew back to Geneva

C．visited one of her friends                 D．attended a wedding ceremony

5.The writer wrote the above passage because she thought what she had experience was so ____.

A．pleasant          B．strange           C．exciting           D．amusing

第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36—55各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
An elderly carpenter （木匠） was ready to retire．He told his employer of his __36___to leave the house building __37__ and live a more leisurely life with his wife, ___38___ time with his extended family．He would ___39___the pay, but he needed to retire．They could ___40___．
The employer was ___41____to see such a good worker leave and asked if he could build just one more house as a personal___42___．The carpenter said yes, but in time it was ___43___ to see that his heart was not in his work．He built the house ___44___ and used poor materials．It was an ___45___ way to end his career．
When the carpenter ___46___ his work, the employer handed the front – door key to the carpenter．“This is your house,” he said, “a ___47___ to you．”
What a shock! What a ___48____! If he had only known he was building his __49___house, he would have done it all so __50__．Now he had to live in the home he had built none too well．
__51___it is with us．We build our __52___in a distracted （心不在焉）way, reacting rather than acting, willing to put up less than the best．At __53___points we do not give the job our best effort．Then with a shock we look at the situation we have __54_____ and find that we are now living in the house we have built ．If we had ___55___, we would have done it differently．
36．A．retirement     B．problem   C．purposes  D．plans
37．A．business  B．site   C．teams      D．workers
38．A．spending B．dividing   C．enjoying  D．sparing
39．A．consider  B．miss  C．raise D．save
40．A．get by     B．get alone  C．get back  D．get around
41．A．ashamed  B．anxious    C．frightened      D．sorry
42．A．favor       B．bargain   C．present    D．reply
43．A．frank      B．probable  C．easy  D．content
44．A．sadly       B．carelessly      C．slowly      D．proudly
45．A．unfair     B．unhappy  C．unfortunate    D．unlucky
46．A．checked   B．discovered      C．prepared D．finished
47．A．gift  B．salary      C．memory   D．punishment
48．A．quality    B．prize C．shame      D．surprise
49．A．final B．best  C．everlasting      D．own
50．A．differently      B．quickly    C．hard D．happily
51．A．Then       B．So    C．But  D．Whatever
52．A．houses     B．bodies      C．glories     D．lives
53．A．difficult  B．main C．strong     D．important
54．A．created    B．faced       C．improved D．avoided
55．A．known    B．noticed    C．realized   D．previewed

Some years ago, on a hot summer day in south Florida, a little boy decided to go for a swim in the old swimming hole behind his house. He flew into the water, not realizing that as he swam toward the middle of the lake, an alligator (美洲鳄) was swimming toward the shore.

His father working in the yard saw the two as they got closer and closer together. In utter fear, he ran toward the water, yelling to his son as loudly as he could.

Hearing his voice, the little boy became alarmed and made a U – turn to swim to his father. It was too late. Just as he reached his father, the alligator reached him. From the dock, the father grabbed his little boy by the arms just as the alligator snatched his legs. That began an incredible tug – of – war (拔河) between the two. The alligator was much stronger than the father, but the father was much too passionate to let go. A farmer happened to drive by, took aim and shot the alligator.

Remarkably, the little boy survived. His legs were extremely scarred by the vicious attack of the animal. And, on his arms, were deep scratches where his father’s fingernails dug into his fresh in his effort to hang on to the son he loved.

The newspaper reporter who interviewed the boy asked if he would show his scars. The boy lifted his pant legs. And then, he said to the reporter, “But look at my arms. I have great scars on my arms, too. I have them because my dad wouldn’t let go.”

You and I can identify with that boy. We have scars, too. No, not from an alligator, but the scars of a painful past. Some of those scars are unsightly and have caused us deep regret. But, some wounds, my friend, are because someone has refused to let go. In the midst of your struggle, someone has been there holding on to you.

If you have the scars of someone’s love on your arms, be very, very grateful. Someone in your life did not and will not ever let you go.

Never judge another person’s scars, because you don’t know how they got them.

1. Which of the following is the most closely related to the underlined word “passionate”?

    A. determined   B. anxious   C. frightened   D. courageous

2.When the boy told the newspaper reporter about the scars on his arms, he felt     .

    A. painful and fearful   B. regretful and panic

    C. proud and grateful   D. excited and thankful

3.In the story the writer intends to tell us that     .

    A. scars always remind people of their past experiences

    B. wounds in the mind are more painful than those in the body

    C. a painful past always leaves scars on a person’s mind

    D. scars do not necessarily mean pain at all times

4.Which of the following viewpoints will the writer most probably agree with?

    A. Be grateful to a painful past, for you can always learn something from it.

        B. Other people’s criticism or blame may hurt you, but if it is for your own good, you should take it thankfully.

        C. The swimming hole of life is filled with danger, but you don’t need to be too serious about it as someone will never let you go.

   D. If someone hurts you, be grateful to them, for they mean no harm