摘要: This key is o the wrong one. It didn’t work

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People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed.It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative (合作的)and another is competitive.
Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions.They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors.There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought (学派)on the matter have developed.As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory.The controversy(argument) is often referred to as “nature and nurture(教育)”.
Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors.That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory.Taken to an extreme(走极端), this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts(本能).
Proponents of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claimed that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act.A behaviorist, B.F.Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings.The behaviorists’ view of the human being is quite mechanistic(机械论的); they maintain that, like machines, humans’ respond to environmental stimuli(刺激) as the basis of their behavior.
Socially and politically, the consequences of these two theories are far-reaching.In the US, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests.This leads some proponents to conclude that blacks are genetically lower in status than whites.Behaviorists, on the contrary, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do.
Either of these theories cannot yet fully explain human behavior.In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.
【小题1】This passage is mainly concerned with             

A.relation between personality and behavior
B.relation between behavior and environment
C.different accounts of patterns of human behavior
D.different theories of the formation of human behavior
【小题2】The underlined word " proponents'' in paragraph 2 means          
A.creatorsB.advisors
C.supportersD.judges
【小题3】In paragraph 5 , the author mainly writes about          
A.the considerable(值得考虑的) influence of the two theories
B.differences between the blacks and whites
C.racial discrimination in the United States
D.different responds to intelligence tests
【小题4】What's the author's purpose in writing the passage?
A.To call our attention to the changes of human behavior.
B.To urge scientists to do more research in social science.
C.To give us a detailed explanation of human behavior.
D.To present an argument in the field of social science.

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阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)

A car needs gas to run and your body also needs food to work for you. Eating the right kind of food is very important. It can help your body grow strong to take care of what you eat.

There are four main food groups altogether. The dairy group has food like milk, cheese and sour milk. The other three groups are the meat and fish group, the fruit and vegetable group, and the bread and rice group. Each meal should have at least one food from all four main groups. With all these food together, you will be given enough energy during the day.

It is easy to get into bad eating habits. You may eat your breakfast in a hurry to get to school on time. Or you may not have time for a good lunch. It may seem easy to finish your supper with fish and chips all the time. But you will find yourself tired in these days and you can not think quickly.

Watching what you eat will help keep your body healthy and strong. It is also good to take some exercise. It will help you eat more if you take a walk or play games in the open air. Having a good eating habit with some exercise is the key to your health.

1.Which of the following diets do you think is the best one?

A.Eggs, tomatoes and chicken.

B.Milk, bread, cabbages and beef.

C.Corn, fish, cream and pork.

D.Rice, bean curd(豆腐), apples, fish and chicken.

2. Which of the following is a good eating-habit?

A.Going to school without any breakfast

B.Eating fish and chips for supper all the time..

C.Having at least one food from all four groups each meal.

D.Having different food from all four food groups.

3. In this passage the writer mainly tells us that _____.

A. every person needs food to grow well

B taking exercise can keep your body strong

C. the right kind of food with exercise will keep you healthy

D. enough energy helps people think more quickly

4.The underlined word “dairy” in the second passage means _____.

A.the food made out of cows such as milk and butter

B.she shop that sells milk and butter

C.a farm where cows are kept

D.a place where milk products are made.

5.The best title for this passage is _____.

A.The Four Food Groups

B. A Healthy Diet

C.Your Body And Food

D.Food And Your Health

 

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