Fluency(流利) in another language is one of the most important aims of a newcomer to another country. In addition, understanding the culture and learning to communicate comfortably with people of that culture are as important as learning the rules of the language. Language learning and culture learning go together and may take a long time.?

Sometimes people feel that they understand a culture after a few weeks or months. People do learn a lot when they first begin living in another culture, but this is only the first stage of learning. It usually involves(含包) things like learning everyday activities and some basic customs.?

To really understand another culture, people have to go beyond the first stage, This is challenge because it is often difficult to know what to learn. Much of what we call “culture” is hard to see.?

Culture is like an iceberg. Picture in your mind a huge iceberg in the ocean. The only part of the iceberg that you see is the tip. You don’t see the rest of the iceberg because it is hidden from sight in the water. It is easy to forget that it is there. Most of the iceberg is deep within the ocean, just as much of a culture is deep within its people.?

When you meet someone from another culture， certain culture differences are obvious: You hear another language or you hear your own language spoken with an accent. You see different foods, clothes and sometimes physical characteristics of people. You observe new customs or habits, such as the use of chopsticks, and, bowing or kissing on both cheeks as a greeting. These differences are interesting and important, but they are usually not too difficult to understand. They are visible so they are seen easily and quickly.?

The part of culture that is like the underwater part of the iceberg consists of assumptions(设想), communication styles, values, and beliefs about what is right and wrong. The hidden part of culture affects much of a person’s way of thinking and communicating. It is the meaning behind his or her verbal (言语的) and nonverbal language. Learning to communicate well with people from another culture involves becoming aware of the hidden part of culture.

61.What’s the subject of this passage?

   A. Learning about culture.          B. Language learning.

   C. The hidden part of the iceberg.    D. Fluency in another language.

62.What is learning about culture?

   A. Learning the hidden part of the iceberg, which is underwater.

   B. Learning everyday activities and some basic customs.

   C. Learning the culture of an iceberg.

   D. Learning the visible as well as the hidden differences of culture.

63.What’s the writer’s opinion?

   A. Communication styles can be easily seen and learned.

   B. Language learning is more important than culture learning.

   C. Learning about culture is not easy and may take a long time.

   D. People usually learn a culture after a few weeks or months.

64.The underlined phrase “consists of” can be replaced by “______”.

   A. lies in         B. is made up of         C. agrees with         D. is different from

65.What conclusion can we draw after reading this passage?

   A. Values and beliefs are like the tip of the iceberg.

   B. People often become aware of the hidden part of culture.

   C. The tip of the iceberg is larger than the hidden part.

   D. The hidden part of culture has a great effect on people’s communication styles.

Fluency(流利) in another language is one of the most important aims of a newcomer to another country. In addition, understanding the culture and learning to communicate comfortably with people of that culture are as important as learning the rules of the language. Language learning and culture learning go together and may take a long time.?

Sometimes people feel that they understand a culture after a few weeks or months. People do learn a lot when they first begin living in another culture, but this is only the first stage of learning. It usually involves(含包) things like learning everyday activities and some basic customs.?

To really understand another culture, people have to go beyond the first stage, This is challenge because it is often difficult to know what to learn. Much of what we call “culture” is hard to see.?

Culture is like an iceberg. Picture in your mind a huge iceberg in the ocean. The only part of the iceberg that you see is the tip. You don’t see the rest of the iceberg because it is hidden from sight in the water. It is easy to forget that it is there. Most of the iceberg is deep within the ocean, just as much of a culture is deep within its people.?

When you meet someone from another culture， certain culture differences are obvious: You hear another language or you hear your own language spoken with an accent. You see different foods, clothes and sometimes physical characteristics of people. You observe new customs or habits, such as the use of chopsticks, and, bowing or kissing on both cheeks as a greeting. These differences are interesting and important, but they are usually not too difficult to understand. They are visible so they are seen easily and quickly.?

The part of culture that is like the underwater part of the iceberg consists of assumptions(设想), communication styles, values, and beliefs about what is right and wrong. The hidden part of culture affects much of a person’s way of thinking and communicating. It is the meaning behind his or her verbal (言语的) and nonverbal language. Learning to communicate well with people from another culture involves becoming aware of the hidden part of culture.

61.What’s the subject of this passage?

   A. Learning about culture.          B. Language learning.

   C. The hidden part of the iceberg.    D. Fluency in another language.

62.What is learning about culture?

   A. Learning the hidden part of the iceberg, which is underwater.

   B. Learning everyday activities and some basic customs.

   C. Learning the culture of an iceberg.

   D. Learning the visible as well as the hidden differences of culture.

63.What’s the writer’s opinion?

   A. Communication styles can be easily seen and learned.

   B. Language learning is more important than culture learning.

   C. Learning about culture is not easy and may take a long time.

   D. People usually learn a culture after a few weeks or months.

64.The underlined phrase “consists of” can be replaced by “______”.

   A. lies in         B. is made up of         C. agrees with         D. is different from

65.What conclusion can we draw after reading this passage?

   A. Values and beliefs are like the tip of the iceberg.

   B. People often become aware of the hidden part of culture.

   C. The tip of the iceberg is larger than the hidden part.

   D. The hidden part of culture has a great effect on people’s communication styles.

With fifteen years Britain and other nations should be well on with the building of big industrial plants for the recycling of waste. The word rubbish could lose its meaning because everything which goes into the dustbin would be made into something useful. Even the most dangerous and unpleasant wastes would provide energy of nothing else.

The latest project is to take a city of around half a million citizens and discover exactly what raw (未经加工的) materials go into it and what go out. The aim is to find out how much of these raw materials could be provided if a plant for recycling waste were built just outside the city. This plant would recycle not only metal such as steel, lead and copper, but also paper and rubber as well.

Another new project is being set up to discover the best ways of sorting and separating the rubbish. When this project is complete, the rubbish will be treated like this: First, it will pass through sharp metal bars which will tear open the plastic bags in which rubbish is usually packed; then it will pass through a powerful fan to separate the lightest elements (元素) from the heavy solids; after that rollers will break up everything that can be broken. Finally, the rubbish will pass under magnets (磁铁), which will remove the bits of iron and steel; the rubber and plastic will then be sorted out in the final step.

The first full-scale (全方位的) big recycling plants are perhaps fifteen years away. Indeed, with the growing cost of transporting rubbish to more distant dustbins, some big cities will be forced to build their own recycling plants before long.

1.The underlined phrase “be well on with…” most probably means   __    .

  A. have completed what was started                B. get ready to start

  C. have achieved a great deal in                  D. put an end to

2. What is NOT mentioned as a part of the recycling process (过程) described in

  Paragraph 3?

   A. Breaking up whatever is breakable.          

   B. Sharpening metal bars.

   C. Separating light elements from the heavy ones.

   D. Sorting out small pieces of metal.

3.What’s the main reason for big cities to build their own recycling plants?

  A. To deal with wastes more economically.

  B. To protect the environment from pollution.

  C. To get raw materials locally.

  D. To get advantage from those plants.

4.The passage is mainly about         .

  A. a cheap way to get energy  B. the position of recycling plants

  C. new ways of recycling wastes                 D. the probability of city environment

Speak, speak, speak!
Practise speaking as often as you can. Speaking to yourself is good practice.
Try recording yourself whenever you can.
Compare your pronunciation with the master version（原版）to see how you can do better and have another go. If you do this several times, you will find that each time is better than last.
Why not learn with someone else?
It helps if you can learn with someone else. If you can persuade a friend or family member to study with you, it will make you keep working.
Don't get stuck by a word you don't know.
Practise improving ways of getting your meaning across when speaking spontaneously（本能地），even if you don't know the exact words or phrases. Think of things you might want to say whenever you have spare time. Use facial expressions, hand movements, anything to make yourself understood.
Language learning is also about intuition（直觉）．
Guesswork is an important way to learn a new language. When listening to recorded material, you aren't expected to understand everything first time round. If you play the same piece several times, you will most probably understand something new each time.
Build up your vocabulary.
A wide vocabulary is the key to successful language learning but don’t try to learn too much at once. It’s best to study frequently, for short periods of time. Take at most six or seven items of vocabulary and learn them. Put them into sentences to fix them in your mind, and then come back to them later.
And above all, have fun!
【小题1】  What’s the purpose of this passage?

Speak, speak, speak!

Practise speaking as often as you can. Speaking to yourself is good practice.

Try recording yourself whenever you can.

Compare your pronunciation with the master version（原版）to see how you can do better and have another go. If you do this several times, you will find that each time is better than last.

Why not learn with someone else?

It helps if you can learn with someone else. If you can persuade a friend or family member to study with you, it will make you keep working.

Don't get stuck by a word you don't know.

Practise improving ways of getting your meaning across when speaking spontaneously（本能地），even if you don't know the exact words or phrases. Think of things you might want to say whenever you have spare time. Use facial expressions, hand movements, anything to make yourself understood.

Language learning is also about intuition（直觉）．

Guesswork is an important way to learn a new language. When listening to recorded material, you aren't expected to understand everything first time round. If you play the same piece several times, you will most probably understand something new each time.

Build up your vocabulary.

A wide vocabulary is the key to successful language learning but don’t try to learn too much at once. It’s best to study frequently, for short periods of time. Take at most six or seven items of vocabulary and learn them. Put them into sentences to fix them in your mind, and then come back to them later.

And above all, have fun!

1.  What’s the purpose of this passage?

A．To tell us the importance of practicing speaking as often as we can.

B．To tell us a few tips to help us learn a new language well.

C．To tell us that guesswork is an important way to learn a new language.

D．To tell us that a wide vocabulary is the key to successful language learning.

2. What’s the meaning of the underlined phrase in the first part?

A．Have another try or attempt.

B．Move away from a place to another.

C．Enter a certain state or condition.

D．Follow or take a certain course.

3.  To learn English well, we shouldn’t _______ according to the passage.

A．practice speaking as often as possible

B．study frequently, for short periods of time to build up our vocabulary

C．try to understand everything and stop when we meet a new word

D．try to persuade a friend or family member to study with us

4. According to the passage, to learn a new language well, the most important thing is ______.

A．speaking as much as possible              B．having fun

C．a wide vocabulary                       D．guesswork