C

There are two types of people in the world. Although they have equal degree of health and wealth and other comforts of life, one becomes happy and the other becomes unhappy. This arises from the different ways in which they consider things, persons, events and the resulting effects upon their minds.

People who are to be happy fix their attention on the convenience of things: the pleasant parts of conversation, the well prepared dishes, the goodness of the wine and the fine weather. They enjoy all the cheerful things. Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the opposite things. Therefore, they are continually dissatisfied. By their remarks, they sour the pleasure of society, offend (hurt) many people, and make themselves disagreeable everywhere. If this turn of mind was founded in nature, such unhappy persons would be the more to be pitied. The intention of criticizing(批评) and being disliked is perhaps taken up by imitation(模仿). It grows into a habit, unknown to its possessors. The habit may be strong, but it may be cured when those who have it realize its bad effects on their interests and tastes. I hope this little warning may be of service to them, and help them change this habit.

Although in fact it is chiefly an act of the imagination, it has serious results in life since it brings on deep sorrow and bad luck. Those people offend many others; nobody loves them, and no one treats them with more than the most common politeness and respect. This frequently puts them in bad temper and draws them into arguments. If they aim at getting some advantages in social position or fortune, nobody wishes them success. Nor will anyone start a step or speak a word to favor their hopes. If they bring on themselves public objections, no one will defend or excuse them, and many will join to criticize their wrongdoings. These should change this bad habit and be pleased with what is pleasing, without worrying needlessly about themselves and others. If they do not, it will be good for others to avoid any contact(接触) with them. Otherwise, it can be disagreeable and sometimes very inconvenient, especially when one becomes mixed up in their quarrels.

66. People who are unhappy _______.

A. always consider things differently from others

B. usually are affected by the results of certain things

C. usually misunderstand what others think or say

D. always discover the unpleasant side of certain things

67. The phrase “sour the pleasure of society” most nearly means “_______”.

A. have a good taste with social life            B. make others unhappy

C. tend to scold others openly                            D. enjoy the pleasure of life

68. If such unhappy persons insist on keeping the habit, the author suggests that people should _______.

A. prevent any communication with them

B. show no respect and politeness to them

C. persuade them to recognize the bad effects

D. quarrel with them until they realize the mistakes

Imagine a world in which there was suddenly no emotion. People might not be able to stay alive: knowing neither joy nor pleasure, neither anxiety nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them as acts that were beneficial. They could not learn: they could not benefit from experience because this emotionless world would lack rewards and punishments. Society would soon disappear. Human relationships would not exist: in a world without friends or enemies, there could be no marriage, affection among companions, or bonds among members of groups. Society's economic underpinnings (基础) would be destroyed: since earning $10 million would be no more pleasant than earning $10, there would be no incentive to work. In fact, there would be no incentives of any kind. For as we will see, incentives imply a capacity to enjoy them.

     In such a world, the chances that the human species would survive are next to zero, because emotions are the basic instrument of our survival and adaptation. As individuals, we categorize objects on the basis of our emotion. True, we consider the length, shape, size, or texture, but an object's physical aspects are less important than what it has done or can do to us ―― hurt us, surprise us, anger us or make us joyful. We also use categorizations colored by emotions in our families, communities, and overall society. Out of our emotional experiences with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are "good" and others are "bad", and we apply these categories to every aspect of our social life. In fact, society exploits our emotional reactions and attitudes in order to maintain itself. It gives high rewards to individuals who perform important tasks such as surgery, makes heroes out of individuals for unusual or dangerous achievements and uses the legal and penal (刑法的) system to make people afraid to engage in antisocial acts.

91. The reason why people might not be able to stay alive in a world without emotion is that __________.

   A. they would not be able to tell the texture of objects

   B. they would not know what was beneficial and what was harmful to them

   C. they would not be happy with a life without love

   D. they would do things that hurt each other's feelings

92. According to the passage, people's learning activities are possible because they ________

   A. believe that emotions are fundamental for them to stay alive

   B. benefit from providing help and support to one another

   C. enjoy being rewarded for doing the right thing

   D. know what is vital to the progress of society

93. It can be inferred from the passage that the economic foundation of society is dependent on ________

   A. the ability to make money

   B. the will to work for pleasure

   C. the capacity to enjoy incentives

   D. the categorizations of our emotional experiences

94. Emotions are significant for man's survival and adaptation because ________

   A. they provide the means by which people view the size or shape of objects

   B. they are the basis for the social feeling of agreement by which society is maintained

   C. they encourage people to perform dangerous achievements

   D. they generate more love than hate among people

It’s not easy being a teenager（13至19岁青少年）—nor is it easy being the parent of a teenager. You can make your child feel angry, hurt, or misunderstood by what you say without realizing it yourself. It is important to give your child the space he needs to grow while gently letting him know that you you’ll still be there for him when he needs you.
Expect a lot from your child, just not everything. Except for health and safety problems, such as drug use or careless driving; consider everything else open to discussion. If your child is unwilling to discuss something, don’t insist he tell you what’s on his mind. The more you insist, the more likely that he’ll cleam up. Instead , let him attempt to solve（解决）things by himself. At the same time, remind him that you’re always there for him should he seek advice or help. Show respect for your teenager’s privacy （隐私）. Never read him his mail or listen in on personal conversions.
Teach your teenager that the family phone is for the whole family. If your child talks on the family’s telephone for too long, tell him he can talk for15 minutes, but then he must stay off the phone for at least an equal period of time. This not only frees up the line so that other family members can make and receive calls, but teaches your teenager moderation（节制）. Or if you are open to the idea, allow your teenager his own phone that he pays for with his own pocket money or a part –time job.
【小题1】The main purpose of the text is to tell parents      .

It’s not easy being a teenager-nor is it easy being the parent of a teenager．You can make your child feel angry, hurt, or misunderstood by what you say without realizing it yourself． It is important to give your child the space he needs to grow while making him realize that you’ll still be there for him when he needs you．

　　Expect a lot from your child, just not everything．Except for health and safety problems, such as drug use or careless driving, consider everything else open to discussion．If your child is unwilling to discuss something, don’t insist he tell you what’s on his mind．The more you insist, the more likely that he’ll clam up．Instead, let him attempt to solve （解决）things by himself．Show respect for your teenager’s privacy （隐私）．Never read his mail or listen in on personal conversations．

　　Teach your teenager that the family phone is for the whole family．If your child talks on the family’s telephone for too long, tell him he can talk for 15 minutes, but then he must stay off the phone for at least an equal period of time．This not only frees up the line so that other family members can make and receive calls, but teaches your teenager moderation （节制）．Or if you are open to the idea, allow your teenager his own phone that he pays for with his own pocket money or a part-time job．

1．The main purpose of the text is to tell parents ___________．

A． how to get along with a teenager　　　      B． how to respect a teenager

C． how to understand a teenager　　　　      D． how to help a teenager grow up

2．What does the phrase “clam up” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?

A． become excited　　                                  B． show respect

C． refuse to talk　　                                     D． seek help

3．What should parents do in raising a teenager according to the text?

A． Not allow him to learn driving or take drugs．

B． Give him advice only when necessary．

C． Let him have his own telephone．

D． Not talk about personal things with him．

4．The last paragraph is about how to teach a teenager_________．

A． to use the phone in a sensible way           B． to pay for his own telephone

C． to share the phone with friends             D． to answer the phone quickly

"Opinion" is a word that is used carelessly today. It is used to refer to matters of taste, belief ,and judgment. This casual use would probably cause little confusion if people didn't attach too much importance to opinion. Unfortunately, most attach great importance to it. "I have as much right to my opinion as you to yours," and "Everyone has the right to express his opinion, " are common expressions. In fact, anyone who would challenge another's opinion is likely to be branded intolerant (不容异己的，偏执的).

Is that label accurate? Is it intolerant to challenge another's opinion? It depends on what definition of opinion you have in mind. For example, you may ask a friend "What do you think of the new Ford cars?" And he may reply, "In my opinion, they're ugly." In this case ，it would not only be intolerant to challenge his statement, but foolish. For it's obvious that by opinion he means his personal preference, a matter of taste. And as the old saying goes, "It's pointless to argue about matters of taste."

But consider this very different use of the term. A newspaper reports that the Supreme Court has delivered its opinion in a controversial (有争议的）case. Obviously the justices did not share their personal preferences, their mere likes and dislikes. They stated their considered judgment ,carefully arrived at after thorough investigation and consideration.

Most of what is referred to as opinion falls somewhere between these two extremes. It is not an expression of taste. Nor is it careful judgment. Yet it may contain elements of both. It is a view or belief more or less casually arrived at, with or without examining the evidence.

Is everyone free to express his opinion? Of course, this is not only permitted, but guaranteed .We are free to act on our opinions only so long as, in doing so, we do not harm others.

49.  Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the author?

A. Everyone has a right to hold his own opinion.

B. Free expression of opinions often leads to confusion.

C. Most people tend to form their opinions carelessly.

D. Casual use of the word "opinion" often causes quarrels.

50. According to the author, who of the following would be regarded as intolerant?

A. Someone who turns a deaf ear to others' opinions.

B. Someone who can't put up with others' tastes.

C. Someone who values only their own opinions.

D. Someone whose opinion harms other people.

51. The new Ford cars are quoted as an example to show that ______.

A. it is foolish to criticize a famous brand

B. one should not always agree to others' opinions

C. personal tastes are not something to be challenged

D. it is unwise to express one's likes and dislikes in public

52. Considered judgment is different from personal preference in that ______.

A. it is stated by judges in the court

B. it reflects public like and dislikes

C. it is a result of a lot of argument

D. it is based on careful thought