摘要：不定式的句法功能 1)作主语: To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.在十分钟内完成这项工作很难. 动词不定式短语作主语时.常用it作形式主语.例如上面一句可用如下形式: It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. 2)作表语: Her job is to clean the hall.她的工作就是打扫大厅. 3)作宾语: 常与不定式作宾语连用的动词有:want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, ?refuse?, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer.afford.ask.decide.expect.intend.等. 如果不定式后面有宾语补足语.则用it作形式宾语.真正的宾语后置.放在宾语补足语后面.如: Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia. 马克思认为研究俄国的形势很重要. 动词不定式在介词but后面时.如果介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式.那么这些介词后的不定式不带to,否则就要带to.另外在can’t choose but和can’t help but等后面的不定式也省略to.如: I have no choice but to stay here.我别无选择只有待在这儿. 动词不定式作动词tell.show.understand.explain.teach.learn.advise.discuss等词的宾语时.前面常带疑问词.即:疑问词(how.when.where.what.who)...+to do.如: He gave us some advice on how to learn English. 他给了我们一些就如何学英语的建议. 4)作宾语补足语: 动词不定式作动词feel,hear.see.watch.notice.observe等感官动词以及have,let.make等使役动词后面的宾语补足语时.不定式符号to要省略.但如果这些句子变成被动结构时.就必须带to符号.如: I saw him cross the road.我看到他过了街道. He was seen to cross the road.他被看到过了街道. 5)作定语: 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词.或者不定式修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点.工具等.不定式后面须有相应的介词.如: There is nothing to worry about.没有什么可担心的. 如果不定式修饰time, place, way.可以省略介词: He has no place to live.他没有住的地方. This is the best way to work out this problem.这是解决这个问题的最好的办法. 动词不定式作定语.放在所修饰的名词或代词后.与所修饰名词有如下关系: 当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时.不定式既可以用主动语态.也可用被动语态.但其含义有所不同.试比较: Have you got anything to send (你有什么东西要寄吗?--不定式to send的动作执行者是“你 ) Have you got anything to be sent 寄的东西吗?--不定式to be sent的动作执行者是“我 或“别人 )用不定式作定语的几种情况 不定式表将来 I borrowed some books to read during my holiday.我借了几本书在假期里读. 用来修饰被序数词.最高级或no,all.any等限定的中心词.如: He was the best man to do the job.他是做这项工作的最佳人选. She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games. 她是在奥运会上获得金牌的第一个女人. 用于修饰的词是抽象名词时.常见的有:ability.chance.idea.fact.excuse.promise.answer.reply.attempt.belief.way.reason.moment.time等.如: Do you have the ability to read and write English 你具备读.写英语的能力吗? 6)作状语 表目的 He worked day and night to get the money.为了挣钱.他日日夜夜的工作. 注意不定式放句首时.逻辑主语与句子主语要一致: 为了省钱.能用的方法都用上了. (×)To save money, every means has been tried. (√)To save money, he has tried every means. 表结果 He arrived late to find the train gone.他来晚了.结果发现火车开走了. 常用only放在不定式前表示强调: I visited him only to find him out.我来拜访他.结果发现他出去了. 表原因 They were very sad to hear the news.听到这个消息他们非常伤心. 表程度 It’s too dark for us to see anything.天太黑了.我们什么也看不清. The question is simple for him to answer.这道问题对他来说太容易回答了. 作独立成分 To tell you the truth, I don’t like the way he talked. 说实话.我不喜欢他说话的?方式.?

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