A team from Krakow, in Poland, used functional magnetic resonance imaging (机能性核共振成像) (FMRI) to assess brain activity when 40 volunteers were shown various images. Men showed activity in areas which dealt with what action they should take in order to avoid or face up to danger. But the study found more activity in the emotional centers of women's brains. The researchers, from another university, carried out scans on 21 men and 19 women. Brain activity was monitored while the volunteers were shown images of objects and images from ordinary life designed to remind different emotional states.

The images were displayed in two runs. For the first run, only negative pictures were shown. For the second run, only positive pictures were shown.

While viewing the negative images, women showed stronger and broader activity in the left thalamus（神经床）. This is an area which passes sense information to the pain and pleasure centres of the brain. Men showed more activity in an area of the brain called the left insula（脑岛）, which plays a key role in controlling natural functions, including breath, heart rate and digestion. Generally, activity in this area tells the body to either run away from danger, or meet it head on - the so-called "fight or flight response".

While viewing positive images, women showed stronger activity in an area of the brain associated with memory. With men, the stronger activity was recorded in an area associated with visual processing. Dr Urbanik believes these differences suggest women may analyze positive stimuli（刺激）in a broader social context and associate positive images with a particular memory.

For instance, viewing a picture of a smiling child might remind memories of a woman's own child at this age. On the contrary, male responses tend to be less emotional.

1．The research shows that men response differently to         compared with women.

         A．different images                  B．ordinary life

         C．different activities              D．medical scan

2．According to the passage, when faced with danger,            .

         A．women react more slowly than men         B．women usually try to avoid it   

         C．men usually have no reaction   D．men react to it more directly

3．What is discussed in the 4 th paragraph?          .

         A．Men and women’s different memories

         B．The different responses to the children

         C．Different reactions to positive stimuli

         D．Negative results of the visual processing

4．The passage mainly develops           .

         A．by inferring                  B．by comparing

         C．by listing examples    D．by giving explanations

第二节：阅读表达（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）

Would you spend more time playing outside, reading, or studying? Well, now it’s our chance to turn off your TV and find out! TV-Turnoff Week is here.

The goal of TV-Turnoff Week is to let people leave their TV sets off and participate in activities from drawing to biking. The event was founded by TV-Turnoff Network, a non-profit organization which started the event in 1995. In the beginning, only a few thousand people took part. Last year more that 7.6 million people participated, including people in every state in America and in more than 12 other countries! This is the 11 th year in which organizers are asking people to “turn off the TV and turn on life.”

According to the TV-Turnoff Network, the average kids in the US spend more time in front of the TV （about 1, 023 hours per year）than they do in school （about 900 hours per year）. Too much TV watching has made many kids      .In fact, in 2001’s TV-Turn-off week, US Surgeon General David Satcher said, “We are raising the most overweight generation of youngsters in American history. This week is about saving lives.”

Over the years, studies have shown that watching a lot of TV leads to poor eating habits, too little exercise, and violence. Frank Vespe of the TV-Turnoff Network said that turning off the TV “ is , or should be ,part of a healthy lifestyle.”

“One of the great lessons of participating in TV-Turnoff Week is the realization that every time I turn on the TV, I’m deciding not to do something else,” Vespe said.

TV-Turnoff Week seems to be making a difference. Recent US Census （人口普查）data shows that about 72 percent of kids under 12 have a limit on their TV time. That’s up from about 63 percent ten years ago.

81．What’s the best title of the passage? （Please answer within 10 words）

_______________________________________________________________________________

82．Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?

According to many studies, spending too much time in front of TV has many bad results.

_______________________________________________________________________________

83．Please fill in the blank in the third paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. （Please answer within 10 words）

_______________________________________________________________________________

84．Can you think of other bad results of watching too much TV? （Please answer within 30 words）

_______________________________________________________________________________

85．Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.

_______________________________________________________________________________

It is "one of the few bright spots in the Chinese economy," says Zeng Ming． He is talking about e-commerce． Mr Zeng, the chief strategy officer for Alibaba, a giant Chinese Internet firm, predicts that digital transactions on his firm's platforms will top l trillion yuan （$159 billion） this year-more than Amazon's and eBay's combined． That is a bold claim, but consider what happened on Singles Sunday．

Invented a few years ago by students and seized upon by digital marketers, this festival for lonely hearts falls annually on the  llth day of the llth month （since l is the loneliest number）．It is like St Valentine's Day, only worse． Singletons shower each other with tender gifts: a barrage of pearls; a storm of sweets．

This November llth they spent a surprising 19 billion yuan on Alibaba's online platforms-a fourfold increase on a year ago, and more than double what Americans spent online last Cyber Monday （the Monday after Thanksgiving, when retailers urge Americans to shop online）． About 100m purchases were logged, accounting for 80% of the packages shipped that day． Couriers（怏递员） were buried in parcels．

So life is good for China's e-tailers, then? Not exactly． The number of digital marketers is increasing and online sales are booming． Consumers are enjoying lower prices, better service and more variety． The problem? The pressure on profits in Chinese e-commerce is worse than in America, reckons Elinor Leung of CLSA, a broker． "Almost no one makes money," she says．

The fiercest battles are being fought between online retailers and their bricks-and-mortar（实体的） rivals．Dangdang, a firm． that resembles Amazon,．and 360buy, another online retailer, have cut prices fiercely． Tencent, a cash-rich online giant known for its instant-messaging software, is splashing out to win market share． 360buy has also just raised $400m from investors to do the same． But it is unclear how much longer such firms can burn through capital．

1.What's the best title of this passage?

A．The Ambition of Alibaba

B．Fierce Competition between Retailers

C．A Newly Sprung Festival for the Singles

D．Chinese Booming and Developing E-commerce

2.According to Zeng Ming, this year Alibaba will        ．

A．outweigh Amazon and eBay in worldwide influence

B．rank top among all the Internet firms

C．have more than 159 billion dollars' sale

D．create another sales miracle just like the one on Singles Day

3.How many packages were shipped on November ll th from Alibaba's online platforms?

A．About 80 million．                      B．About 100 million．

C．About 125 million．                     D．About 180 million．

4.What's the author's attitude towards online retailers in China?

A．Optimistic．                           B．Concerned．

C．Sympathetic．                         D．Indifferent．

Obama Still Smokes in Secret

US President Barack Obama has just made life more difficult for cigarette makers. He has just signed a law that will set tough new rules for the tobacco industry. The new law gives the US Food and Drug Administration the power to strictly limit the making and marketing of tobacco products.

At a White House signing ceremony Monday, Obama said that he was among the nearly 90% of smokers who took up the habit before their 18 th birthday.

Obama, who has publicly struggled to give up smoking, said he still hadn’t completely kicked the habit. Every now and then he still smokes in secret.

“As a former smoker I struggle with it all the time. Do I still smoke sometimes? Yes. Am I a daily smoker, a constant smoker? No.” Obama said at a news conference.

“I don' t do it in front of my lads．I don ?t do it in front of my family．I would say that I am 95% cured, but there are times when I mess up, " he said．

"Once you go down this path, it' s something you continually struggle with, which is exactly why the law is so important．The new law is not about me, it' s about the next generation of kids coming up．What we don ' t want is kids going down that path," he said．

         Nearly 20% of Americans smoke and tobacco use kills about 440,000 people a year in the United States due to cancer, heart disease, and other serious diseases．

1.The new law makes life difficult for              .

A．Obama

B．tobacco industry

C．White House

D．US Food and Drug Administration

2.What do we know about Obama?

A．He no longer smokes

B．He still smokes as usual

C．He began to smoke at eighteen

D．He is trying hard to give up smoking

3.According to the passage, Obama is most concerned about           ．

A．children       B．officials

C．his family        D．businessmen

As the railroads and the highways shaped the American West in the past centuries, a new electrical generating(发电)and transmission (输送) system for the 21st century will leave a lasting mark on the West, for better or worse. Much of the real significance of railroads and highways is not in their direct physical effect on the scenery, but in the ways that they affect the surrounding community. The same is true of big solar plants and the power lines that will be laid down to move electricity around.
The 19 th century saw land grants(政府拨地) offered to railroad companies to build the transcontinental railroads, leaving public land in between privately owned land. In much of the West, some of the railroad sections were developed while others remained undeveloped, and in both cases the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management. With the completion of the interstate highway system, many of the small towns, which sprang up as railway stops and developed well, have lost their lifeblood and died.
Big solar plants and their power lines will also have effects far beyond their direct footprint in the West. This is not an argument against building them. We need alternative energy badly, and to really take advantage of it we need to be able to move electricity around far more readily than we can now.
So trade-offs will have to be made. Some scenic spots will be sacrificed. Some species(物种) will be forced to move, or will be carefully moved to special accommodations. Deals will be struck to reduce the immediate effects.
The lasting effects of these trade-offs are another matter. The 21st century development of the American West as an ideal place for alternative energy is going to throw off a lot of power and money in the region. There are chances for that power and money to do a lot of good. But it is just as likely that they will be spent wastefully and will leave new problems behind, just like the railroads and the highways.
The money set aside in negotiated trade-offs and the institutions that control it will shape the West far beyond the immediate footprint of power plants and transmission lines. So let’s remember the effects of the railroads and the highways as we construct these new power plants in the West.
【小题1】What was the problem caused by the construction of the railways?