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Restoring the quakehit ecosystems is a question of balancing the interests of the local people and the environment. Rural methane (沼气) projects can reduce the number of locals taking firewood from the mountainsides. The use of straw as food for animals will ensure that vegetation(草木) can grow. In Sihai township and Dazhuangke village, in Beijing, they now have a forestry coverage of 85% or more, compared to the 30% they had 15 years ago. Back then, land was used very inefficiently: one person would use 20 mu of forest just for firewood. With those pressures on the ecosystem, no amount of spending on reforestation will succeed. Then the government relocated the population and paid those who remained to tend the forest and provide coal. This reduced the pressures on the ecosystem and it was able to recover naturally.
When an ecosystem has not been pushed past certain limits, it is able to recover on its own. Human involvement should only play a minor role, including after an earthquake. This is particularly the case for sandy grasslands, grasslands deserts, the mountains of the south and the northern sides of mountains in the north. In these areas soil remains and the water, light, heat and nutrients needed are available. Less human involvement is even more appropriate in areas with a small population, where it can avoid money being wasted on ineffective efforts, such as creating forests in dry areas.
The creation of nature reserves should be a model to allow damaged ecosystems to recover. Funding can start at the national level; centrallyfunded nature reserves can enforce environmental protection laws and help to promote the local economy. This will solve the problems of reserves being run to make money. When national reserves are funded, local governments will be able to adopt the same model and provide the funds for nature reserves from their own budgets. The first project should be established in nature reserves hit by the quake; these can then become models for other areas.
1.To restore the quakehit ecosystem, government should ________.
A. forbid locals from taking firewood from the mountainsides
B. encourage local people to feed their animals just with straw
C. spend large amounts of money relocating the population
D. protect the environment without harming locals' interests
2.The forestry coverage in rural Beijing has increased greatly because ________.
A. pressures on land were reduced B. a large amount of coal is provided
C. no people live in that area D. locals take good care of the forest
3.According to the passage ________ play(s) a major role in ecosystem recovery.
A. local people B. nature itself
C. human involvement D. government's effort
4.According to the last paragraph, which of the following is NOT true?
A. Nature reserves could be helpful to recover the damaged ecosystems.
B. Centrallyfunded nature reserves are beneficial to local economy.
C. Some nature reserves are created for the purpose of making money.
D. The first projects on nature reserves should be set up in quakehit areas.
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Restoring the quake?hit ecosystems is a question of balancing the interests of the local people and the environment. Rural methane (沼气) projects can reduce the number of locals taking firewood from the mountainsides. The use of straw as food for animals will ensure that vegetation(草木) can grow. In Sihai township and Dazhuangke village, in Beijing, they now have a forestry coverage of 85% or more, compared to the 30% they had 15 years ago. Back then, land was used very inefficiently: one person would use 20 mu of forest just for firewood. With those pressures on the ecosystem, no amount of spending on reforestation will succeed. Then the government relocated the population and paid those who remained to tend the forest and provide coal. This reduced the pressures on the ecosystem and it was able to recover naturally.
When an ecosystem has not been pushed past certain limits, it is able to recover on its own. Human involvement should only play a minor role, including after an earthquake. This is particularly the case for sandy grasslands, grasslands deserts, the mountains of the south and the northern sides of mountains in the north. In these areas soil remains and the water, light, heat and nutrients needed are available. Less human involvement is even more appropriate in areas with a small population, where it can avoid money being wasted on ineffective efforts, such as creating forests in dry areas.
The creation of nature reserves should be a model to allow damaged ecosystems to recover. Funding can start at the national level; centrally?funded nature reserves can enforce environmental protection laws and help to promote the local economy. This will solve the problems of reserves being run to make money. When national reserves are funded, local governments will be able to adopt the same model and provide the funds for nature reserves from their own budgets. The first project should be established in nature reserves hit by the quake; these can then become models for other areas
- 1.
To restore the quake?hit ecosystem, government should ________
- A.forbid locals from taking firewood from the mountainsides
- B.encourage local people to feed their animals just with straw
- C.spend large amounts of money relocating the population
- D.protect the environment without harming locals' interests
- A.
- 2.
The forestry coverage in rural Beijing has increased greatly because ________
- A.pressures on land were reduced
- B.a large amount of coal is provided
- C.no people live in that area
- D.locals take good care of the forest
- A.
- 3.
According to the passage ________ play(s) a major role in ecosystem recovery
- A.local people
- B.nature itself
- C.human involvement
- D.government's effort
- A.
- 4.
According to the last paragraph, which of the following is NOT true?
- A.Nature reserves could be helpful to recover the damaged ecosystems
- B.Centrally­funded nature reserves are beneficial to local economy
- C.Some nature reserves are created for the purpose of making money
- D.The first projects on nature reserves should be set up in quake­hit areas
- A.
explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.
Social scientists are of course extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why
we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behavior. There are no clear answers yet, but two
distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very
different from each other, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The
controversy is often conveniently referred to as "nature and nurture".
Those who support the"nature" side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are
largely determined by biological factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities,
characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory states that our behavior
is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts (本能).
Proponents of the "nurture" theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is
more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F.
Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The
behaviorists' view of the human being is quite mechanistic. They state that, like machines, humans respond to
environmental stimuli (刺激) as the basis of their behavior.
Socially and politically, the consequences of these two theories are far-reaching. In the US, for example,
blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some "nature" proponents to
conclude that blacks are genetically lower in status than whites. Behaviorists, on the contrary, say that the
differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other
environ mental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses
that whites do.
Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our
behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes and that the controversy will continue for a long time
is certain.
B. relation between behavior and environment
C. different accounts of patterns of human behavior
D. different theories of the formation of human behavior
B. advisors
C. advocates
D. judges
B. differences between the blacks and whites
C. racial discrimination in the United States
D. different responds to intelligence tests
B. To urge scientists to do more research in social science.
C. To give us a detailed explanation of human behavior.
D. To present an argument in the field of social science.
Tabb doesn't look like a typical music teacher. But every weekday evening in the French Quarter New Orleans, he beats out the rhythm on his music stand as students play their chosen instruments.
“I'm doing my best to take young people away from harmful things,” said Tabb. His program, "The Roots of Music”, offers free music education to more than 100 students. He struggles to keep young people on the straight and narrow in the city with the nation's highest murder rate(凶杀率).
Tabb chose to target 9to14yearolds with his program. “That's a very important time in your life,” he said. “If I catch them then, I can hold onto them for at least four or five years and guide them the way that will lead them to success.”
Students meet from 4 pm to 7 pm every weekday, all year round. They work with tutors(助教) on schoolwork, practice their music and eat a hot meal before heading home. With the money provided by some people, Tabb's group is able to provide bus transportation, instruments and food for free. He calls it his “no excuse” policy. “You have no excuse why you're not here,” Tabb said. Tabb owes the success in part to the nature of music. “You're always learning something new,”he said. “That's what keeps the kids coming back every day.”
But the program isn't only about fun. “Music is about discipline (纪律),”said Tabb. He insists on good behavior and keeps kids in order with threats of situps(仰卧起坐), pushups(俯卧撑) or tasks like picking up grains of rice — but these measures aren't just punishment. Tabb wants young people to realize that music can help them build a better future. “I don't say that I'm saving lives,” he said. “I say I'm giving life — a whole different life of music.”
1.The underlined phrase "keep young people on the straight and narrow” may mean ________.
A．keep young people standing straight
B．keep young people on the correct life track(道路)
C．keep young people busy performing music
D．keep young people away from the dangerous parts of the city
2.Which of the following kids may NOT be included in Tabb's program “ The Roots of Music”？
A．Jack, 8 years old. B．Tom, 9 years old.
C．John, 11 years old. D．Linda, 13 years old.
3.What attracts children to join in the program to learn music?
A．The free food and transportation. B．The famous music teacher.
C．The chance to learn new things. D．The strict discipline rules.
4.By saying “music is about discipline”, Tabb means ________.
A．keeping discipline is more important than learning music
B．obeying(遵守) rules is important in playing music well
C．music is also connected with kids' grades
D．kids can learn how to behave through music
5.What is the main idea of this passage?
A．Tabb's program offers young people help.
B．Kids improve grades through music learning.
C．Tabb offers kids free food to learn music.
D．Tabb performs music for street children.
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Nature is full of color, from rainbows and roses to butterfly wings and peacock tails. Even the fruits and vegetables you eat have different colors: blue blueberries, red strawberries, green broccoli, and orange carrots.
Plant and animals often use color to attract attention. The substances responsible for these colors belong to a class of chemical called antioxidants(抗氧化物). Plants make antioxidant to protect themselves from the sun’s ultraviolet(UV)(紫外线)light.
Ultraviolet light causes chemicals called free radicals(自由基)to form within plant cells. They can destroy parts of plant. Free radicals also have damaging effects on human beings. Some of these effects like wrinkled skin can be seen. The damage is caused by the free radicals attacking cells in our bodies. Certain cancers and heart disease are linked to free radicals.
Our bodies have natural defences for fighting off free radicals. While we are young, our defences are pretty strong. However, they get weaker as we get older. The body’s built-in defences can only go so far without extra help.
The key to fighting free radicals with fruits and vegetables is to mix and match colors. It’s like sunscreen(防晒霜)for the inside of your body. Go for a range of very bright colors. Colorful foods contain hundreds of healthy chemicals not found anywhere else.
Research into how chemicals in blueberries affect the brain’s function in rats suggests that these chemicals may help our own brains work more efficiently.
Don’t just blame the sun. Ultraviolet light isn’t the only source of free radicals. If you breathe polluted air such as smog, automobile exhaust(废气), or wasted gas from a factory, you take in chemicals that also cause such damage. And, the body itself produces free radicals as it processes food.
1.Which of the following not true?
A．Antioxidants are responsible for plant colors
B．Plants use color to attract attention
C．Antioxidants can protect plants from UV light
D．Antioxidants help free radicals to attack plants
2.In which order do the following facts occur?
a Wrinkled skin can be seen
b UV light causes free radicals to form
c Free radicals damage cells in our bodies
d The sun gives out UV light
A．a,b,c,d B．d,b,c,a
C．c,a,d,b D．d,b,a,c
3.We need extra help for fighting off free radicals from fruits and vegetables because ____.
A．our bodies’ defences are not natural
B．we are too young to defend ourselves
C．our defences get weaker as we get older
D．our bodies’ built-in defences can only go away
4.Which of the following can not cause free radicals to form?
A．Colorful food B．UV light from the sun
C．Polluted air D．The body itself
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