The moment happened 20 years ago but it was still fresh in my memory. I was a college freshman and had 36 up most of the night before laughing and talking with friends. Now just before my first 37 of the day my eyelids were feeling heavier and heavier and my head was drifting down to my desk to make my textbook a 38 . A few minutes’ nap（小睡）time before class couldn’t 39 , I thought.

BOOM! I lifted my head suddenly and my eyes opened wider than saucers. I looked around with my 40 beating wildly trying to find the cause of the 41 . My young professor was looking at me with a boyish smile on his face. He had 42 dropped the textbooks he was carrying onto his desk. “Good morning!”, he said still 43 . “I am glad to see everyone is 44 . Now let’s get started. ”

For the next hour I wasn’t sleepy at all. It wasn’t from the 45 of my professor’s textbook alarm clock either. It was instead from the 46 discussion he led. With knowledge and good　 47 he made the material come 48 . His insight was full of both wisdom and loving-kindness. And the enthusiasm and joy that he 49 with were contagious（有感染力的）. I 50 the classroom not only wide awake, but a little 51 and a little better as well.

I learned something far more important than not 52 in class that day too. I learned that if you are going to do something in this life，do it well，do it with 53 . What a wonderful place this would be if all of us did our work joyously and well. Don’t sleepwalk your way through 54 then. Wake up! Let your love fill your work. Life is too 55 not to live it well.

36．A. took　　　　　　　　 　　　 B. stayed　　　　　　　　　　 C. spent 　　　　　　　　　 D. put

37．A. task　　　　　　　　 　 B. test　　　　　　　　　　　　 C. class　　　　　　　　　　　 D. lecture

38．A. pillow　　　　　　　 　 B. shadow　　　　　　　　　 C. basis　　　　　　　　　　　 D. comfort

39．A. inspect　　　　　　 　 B. disturb　　　　　　　　　　　　　 C. hurt　　　　　　 D. bend

40．A. head　　　　　　　　　　　 B. mind　　　　　　　　　　　 C. thought　　　　　　　　　 D. heart

41．A. noise　　　　　　　　 　 B. trouble　　　　　　　　　　　　　 C. voice　　　　　　　　　　　 D. incident

42．A. angrily　　　　　　　　　　 B. deliberately　　　　　　　 C. carelessly　　　　　　　　 D. accidentally

43．A. shouting　　　　　 　 B. sighing　　　　　　　　　　 C. complaining　　　　　　 D. smiling　　　

44．A. active　　　　　　　　　　　 B. curious　　　　　 C. awake　　　　　 D. present　　　

45．A. shock　　　　　　　　　　 B. sound　　　　　　　 　 C. interruption　　　　　　　 D. blow

46．A. convincing　　　　　　　 B. fascinating　　　　 　 C. puzzling　　　　　　　　　 D. encouraging

47．A. gesture　　　　　　　　　　 B. sense　　　　　　　　　　　 C. design　　　　　 D. humor

48．A. strange　　　　　　　　　　 B. natural　　　　　　　　　　 C. alive　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. handy

49．A. spread　　　　　　　　　　 B. taught　　　　　　　 　 C. combined　　　　　　　　 D. started

50．A. left　　　　　　　　　 　 B. seated　　　　　　　　　　 C. decorated　　　　　　　　 D. entered

51．A. clearer　　　　　　　　　　 　 B. quieter　　　　　　　　　　 C. smarter　　　　　　　　　 D. stronger

52．A. discussing　　　　　　　 B. speaking　　　　　　　　　 C. sleeping　　　　　　　　　 D. cheating

53．A. determination　　　　　 B. religion　　　　　　 　 C. strength　　　　　　　　　 D. joy

54．A. life　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B. work　　　　　　　　 　 C. journey　　　　　　　　　 D. college

55．A. hard　　　　　　　　　　　　 B. short　　　　 　　　 C. complex　　　　　　　　　 D. simple

Language learning begins with listening. Children are greatly different in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking, and later starters are often long listeners. Most children will “obey” spoken instructions some time before they can speak, though the word “obey” is hardly accurate as a description of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the child. Before they can speak, many children will also ask questions by gesture and by making questioning noises. Any attempt to study the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves as particularly expressive as delight, pain, friendliness, and so on. But since these can’t be said to show the baby’s intention to communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is agreed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to add new words to their store. This self-imitation（模仿）leads on to deliberate（有意的）imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises as to the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech. It is a problem we need to get out. The meaning of a word depends on what a particular person means by it in a particular situation and it is clear that what a child means by a word will change as he gains more experience of the world .Thus the use at seven months of “mama” as a greeting for his mother cannot be dismissed as a meaningless sound simply because he also uses it at other times for his father, his dog, or anything else he likes. Playful and meaningless imitation of what other people say continues after the child has begun to speak for himself, I doubt, however whether anything is gained when parents take advantage of this ability in an attempt to teach new sounds.

1．. Before children start speaking，what is greatly different?________.

A. the amount of listening     

B. a number of listening

C. the sound of listening

D. the meaning of listening

2. starters are often long listeners, the sentence means one can ________.

A. be hard to speak fluently

B. begin to speak quickly

C. start with listening

D. often take a long time in learning to listen properly

3. these can not be said to show a baby’s intention to speak, these refer to  ________.

A. pain　　 

B. happiness

C. kindness

D. above of all

4. according to the writer, we can draw a conclusion that  ________.

A. children are fond of imitating

B. these imitation can be considered as speech

C. children get more experience of the world

D. children’s use  of  words are often meaningless when a child is six months, he

5. When a child is six months, he can  ________.

A. call his mama

B. imitate many languages

C. store new words

D. play with sounds

Cloze   (15分)

Directions: for each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

If you travel around the world, you will be surprised to find just how different the foreign customs can be __50__ your own.

A visitor to India would do well to remember that people there __51__ it impolite to use the left hand for passing food at table. The left hand is supposed to be __52__for washing yourself. Also in India, you might __53__a man obviously shaking his head at another and assume that he is disagreeing. But in many __54__ of India a shake of the head is a gesture that shows agreement or acceptance. Nodding your head when you are offered a __55__ in Bulgaria is likely to leave your thirsty. In that country you shake your head to indicate “yes”—a nod indicates “no”. The Arabs are __56__ for their hospitality (好客). At a meal in the Arabic countries, you will find that drinking vessel (器皿) is filled again __57__again as soon as you drain it. The way to __58__ that you have had enough is to take the cup or glass in your hand and give it a little shake from side to side or place your hand over the top.

In Europe it is quite usual to __59__ your legs when sitting talking to someone, even at an important meeting. Doing this when meeting an important person in Thailand, however, could __60__ him or her unhappy. It is considered too informal an attitude __61__ such an occasion. Also when in Thailand you are __62__ supposed to touch the head of an adult – it’s just not done. In Japan, it is quite usual for __63__ to plan evening entertainment for themselves and leave their wives at home. In Europe such attitudes are disappearing.

Customs vary from country to __64__. Visitors may be at a loss as to what to do in a foreign environment. In such circumstances, the rule is: When in Rome, do as Romans do.

Language learning begins with listening. Children are greatly different in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking, and later starters are often long listeners. Most children will “obey” spoken instructions some time before they can speak, though the word “obey” is hardly accurate as a description of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the child. Before they can speak, many children will also ask questions by gesture and by making questioning noises. Any attempt to study the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves as particularly expressive as delight, pain, friendliness, and so on. But since these can’t be said to show the baby’s intention to communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is agreed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to add new words to their store. This self-imitation（模仿）leads on to deliberate（有意的）imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises as to the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech. It is a problem we need to get out. The meaning of a word depends on what a particular person means by it in a particular situation and it is clear that what a child means by a word will change as he gains more experience of the world .Thus the use at seven months of “mama” as a greeting for his mother cannot be dismissed as a meaningless sound simply because he also uses it at other times for his father, his dog, or anything else he likes. Playful and meaningless imitation of what other people say continues after the child has begun to speak for himself, I doubt, however whether anything is gained when parents take advantage of this ability in an attempt to teach new sounds.

. Before children start speaking，what is greatly different?________.

A. the amount of listening     

B. a number of listening

C. the sound of listening

D. the meaning of listening

starters are often long listeners, the sentence means one can ________.

A. be hard to speak fluently

B. begin to speak quickly

C. start with listening

D. often take a long time in learning to listen properly

these can not be said to show a baby’s intention to speak, these refer to  ________.

A. pain　　  B. happiness  C. Kindness   D. above of all

according to the writer, we can draw a conclusion that  ________.

A. children are fond of imitating

B. these imitation can be considered as speech

C. children get more experience of the world

D. children’s use  of  words are often meaningless

When a child is six months, he can  ________.

A. call his mama

B. imitate many languages

C. store new words

D. play with sounds