How do you feel after you've stayed up late to finish schoolwork? Or the day after a slumber party? Scientists now say that your answers to these questions may depend on your genes.

Genes are stretches of DNA that work like an instruction manual for our cells. Genes tell our bodies and brains what to do. People have about 40,000 genes, and each gene can have different forms. So, for example, certain forms of some genes make your eyes blue. Other versions of those genes make your eyes brown.

In a similar way, new research suggests that a gene called period3 affects how well you function without sleep. The discovery adds to older evidence that period3 helps determine whether you like to stay up late or get up early.

The period3 gene comes in two forms: short and long. Everyone has two copies of the gene. So, you may have two longs, two shorts, or one of each. Your particular combination depends on what your parents passed on to you.

Scientists from the University of Surrey in England studied 24 people who had either two short or two long copies of period3. Study participants had to stay awake for 40 hours straight. Then, they took tests that measured how quickly they pushed a button when numbers flashed on a screen and how well they could remember lists of numbers.

Results showed that the people with the short form of period3 performed much better on these tests than the people with the long form did. In both groups, people performed worst in the early morning. That's the time when truck drivers and other night-shift workers say they have the most trouble concentrating.

After the first round of experiments, participants were finally allowed to sleep. People in the group that performed well on the tests took about 18 minutes to nod off.

People with the long period3 gene, by contrast, fell asleep in just 8 minutes. They also spent more time in deep sleep. That suggests that people with the long form of the gene need more and deeper sleep to keep their brains working at top form.

1.We can know from the passage that genes can not ________.

2.Which of the following statements about the period3 is wrong?

3. People with the short form of period3__________.

4.What’s the best title of the passage?

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从第31至第40小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A high school history teacher once told us, “If you make one close friend in school, you will be most fortunate. A true friend is someone who stays with you for life."   31  _ teaches that he was right. Good friendship is just not easily formed.

It is possible that we simply do not stay in one place long enough for true friendship to  32   . However, there can be no disagreement on the need for each of us to think carefully about the kind of friendship we want.

To most of us, friendships are considered very important, but we need to have clear in our minds the kinds of friendship we want. Are they to be close or   33    at arm's length? Do we want to   34      ourselves or do we want to walk on the surface? For some people, many friendships on the surface are quite enough—and that's all right. But at some point we need to make sure that our expectations are the same as our friends' expectations. The sharing of _  35    experience including our tears as well as our dark dreams is the surest way to deepen friendships. But it must be undertaken(进行) slowly and carried on only if there are sign of interest and action in return.

What are some of the _  36  _ of friendship? The greatest is the attraction to expect too much too soon. Deep relationships _  37  _ time. Another “major difficulty" is the selfishness to think one “possesses" the other, including his time and attention. Similarly, friendships     38   actions in return. In other words, you must give as much as you take. Finally there is a question of taking care of. Unless you spend _  39  _ time together, talking on the phone, writing letters, doing things together, friendships will die    40    .?

31. A. Knowledge       B. Teachers                C. Experience               D. Parents

32. A. design           B. intend           C. develop            D. appear

33. A. remained         B. left             C. kept                        D. stayed

34. A. own             B. owe            C. share                 D. spare? 

35. A. social            B. ordinary               C. good                        D. personal

36. A. difficulties        B. differences                  C. advantages                D. things

37. A. cost                      B. spend                          C. ask               D. take? 

38. A. require           B. request                     C. depend                     D. suggest

39. A. reasonable        B. comfortable                 C. less                          D. a lot?

40. A. for                              B. away                           C. out                          D. from

    Australians have been warned they face a life or death decision over their water—drink recycled sewage(污水)or die．

   With the drought(干旱)continuing，the country is set to be forced to use purified(净化的)waste water for drinking．even though there is great opposition to the measure．

    Queensland has become the first state to introduce tile policy after a warning from its premier．

“I think in the end，because of the drought，all of Australia is going to end up drinking recycled purified water．”said Peter Beattie．

    “These are difficult decisions，but you either drink water or you die．There’s no choice．It’s liquid gold．It’s a matter of life and death．”

    Beanie said Australia's second largest state would become the first to use recycled water for drinking．

    Water is recycled in Britain and pans of northern Europe along with the US and Israel．

    But Australians have never liked the idea．

    To try to change the way Australians think，Prime Minister．John Howard and Environment Minister Malcolm Turnbull have adhered to Queensland’s move．

   “I am very strongly for recycling and Mr．Beattie is right and I agree with him completely．”Howard said．

   “Australian cities．all now facing water shortages because of the worst drought on record．must start to use recycled water．”added Turnbull．“All of our big cities have to widen tile range of water sources to include sources which are not dependent on rainfall．”

1．According to the passage，which of the following is TRUE?

A．Nobody disagrees to the idea of drinking recycled purified water

B．Australia’s second largest state has become tile first state to introduce the policy

C．No other countries but Australia decide to drink recycled water

D．The drought is tile worst one in tile droughts recorded in Australian history．

2．What call we learn from the last paragraph?

  A．Australians have never like drinking purified waste water

  B．Australians should develop more water sources to live through the hard time

  C．Australians can’t depend upon rainwater，which is not suitable for drinking．

  D．Australian government has no ability to solve the problem of water shortage

3．The underlined phrase“adhered to”in Paragraph 9 probably means

  A．disliked           B．gone against               C．supported            D．doubted

4．It can be inferred from what Premier Peter Beattie said that

A．he gives orders to drink purified waste water

B．It is painful for him to see his people drink recycled sewage

C．If the decision is made，people won’t survive the drought

D．It’s up to you to either make a life or death decision

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中，选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。

    Is the customer always right?    Shopping is very much a part of a country’s culture, and

attitudes to shopping and consumers vary from country to country just as much as climate or taste

in food.

Recent economic hardship has given the consumers increased power in Europe because shopkeepers fight to win their share of reduced disposable（可支配的）income．This has meant failing prices，plenty of special offers and a re-examination of what customer service really means． In restaurants in the south of the USA，for example，waiters compliment．（恭维）you on your clothes，ask about your day，compliment you on your wisdom of your order and then return every ten minutes to refill your glass and make sure that everything is to your satisfaction．

Anyone who has waited 30 minutes to be served in fl restaurant may possibly dream of such customer service． a fact，different nationalities expect different types of service．As a friend of mine once told me，"By the end of evening I had spent as much time talking to the waiter as to my wife．"

A Chinese-American friend loves telling people about how her Chinese mother shops for clothes．First of all she waits until they are on sale． And later she finds some small fault with the product and demands a further reduction．She never buys anything at the regular price．Could you imagine trying such ways in department stores in other countries?

Attitudes to service are，of course，affected by employers’ attitudes to their workers．As American waiters heavily depend on tips，they have to provide more service．But is this fair? It might not be a case of"Is the customer always right ?"but a case of” How much service is it fair to expect?"

A．People often point to America as an example of good customer service．

B．It is a question of expectations．

C．Do we think it is fair to ask shop assistants to work late evenings or on Sundays?

D．Then she asks for a discount until she gets an even better price．

E．The answer，it seems，depends on which country you are in．

F．The way we shop shows the way we get along with other people．

G．However，do Europeans really want US style service?

During the last century we have moved from the Industrial Age through the Information Age to the Knowledge Age. The ability to obtain and apply the right knowledge effectively will become a key skill in the next century. Our ability will no longer be judged only by knowledge gained in the past, but will also be measured by our ability to learn and adapt in the future.
Learning isn’t just about economic success, however. It is the key to achieving our full potential(潜能,潜力). Human beings are particularly adapted to learn and we have the ability to do so throughout our lives.
Learning has the power to change us. Specifically, we can become more successful. Learning can enable us to solve problems and change our attitudes. It makes us more interesting to be with. It can be enormous fun. It can also be very challenging.
We all have the ability, at any age, to change our lives through learning. Our survival in the twenty-first century as individuals, organizations and nations, will depend on our ability to learn. A learning population is healthier, more tolerant(容忍的,宽容的), independent and fulfilled. Learning can take place in a range of styles: anytime, anywhere, anyhow.
None of us learn in isolation(隔绝,孤立). There are a whole range of factors that can affect us in learning. The key factors affecting people’s learning include: ●their resources ●their image of learning ●the rewards associated with any learning activity ●the availability of information about learning opportunities ●the climate created by government and employers in which learning takes place
【小题1】 What is the most important skill in the next century according to the passage?