摘要：(D) As I was thinking about language learning the other day, the image of baking bread came into my mind. I compared some of the exercises and drills that we put ourselves through in order to learn a language to the various ingredients that go into baking a loaf of fresh bread. Real language learning takes place in human relationships. No one sits down and eats a cup of flour, even if he is hungry and in a hurry. You don’t become bilingual by learning lists of vocabulary. You don’t become a speaker of a language by memorizing verb conjugations and agreement rules. You become bilingual by entering a community that uses that other language as its primary means of communication. I am not suggesting that we can make bread without ingredients. Flour is necessary, as are yeast, salt, water and other ingredients. Vocabulary is part of any language and will have to be learned. Grammatical rules exist in every language and cannot be ignored. But merely combining the appropriate ingredients in the recommended proportions does not result in bread. At best, you only end up with a ball of dough. In order to get bread, you have to apply heat to the dough. And in language learning, that heat comes from the community. Anyone who has learned a second language has experienced that heat. It creeps up your neck when you ask the babysitter, “Have you already been eaten? when you meant to say, “Have you already eaten? When you try to say something quite innocent and the whole room bursts into laughter, you are experiencing the heat that turns raw dough into good bread. Remember the old saying, “If you can’t stand the heat, get out of the kitchen ? This is where language learning often breaks down because we find the heat uncomfortable and we stop the baking process. In order words, we can’t stand the heat, so we get out of the kitchen. However, the language learner who stays in the kitchen-in the heat-until the combined ingredients are thoroughly transformed will enjoy the richness of a quality loaf of bread. He is lad that he did not “get out of the kitchen at the critical moment when the oven seemed too hot. The dedicated language learner knows that becoming bilingual cannot be achieved without the heat! 76. The passage is mainly about . A. how we can make baking bread with various ingredients B. how to become bilingual by communicating with others C. what an important role “heat plays in learning a language D. what a high quality of bread you may achieve in the kitchen 77. You can become a speaker of a language by . A. bearing millions of words and expressions in your mind B. using the language to communicate with those around you C. knowing verb conjugations and grammatical rules D. saying something innocent to be laughed at by others 78. What’s the purpose of illustration of the example-you ask the babysitter, “Have you already been eaten? when you meant to say, “Have you already eaten? ? A. To verify that you are sure to make some mistakes when you enter a community. B. To show that you should combine the ingredients in the recommended proportions. C. To prove that you may experience “heat from the community in language learning. D. To indicate that being bilingual calls for your courage, confidence and perseverance. 79. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the necessity of baking bread and learning language? A. Excellent Skills. B. Various ingredients. C. Appropriate proportions. D. Uncomfortable heat. Section C Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need. 80. Charles Dickens is often thought of as one of England’s greatest writers. Yet for many his language is old-fashioned and his story plots often improbable. Why, Dickens, out of so many other great English writers, has made the list? How then to explain Dickens’s enduring popularity? 81. One reason undoubtedly is the British government’s insistence that every child studies a Dickens novel at school. Alongside William Shakespeare, Charles Dickens is a compulsory writer on every English literature school reading list. His stories, though often over-long by today’s standard, are superbly written moral tales. They are filled with colorful characters. 82. But what makes his books stand out from other English writers is his insight into human nature. Dickens, like Shakespeare, tells us truths about human behavior that are as true to citizens of the 21st century as they were to his readers in the 19th century. Readers have returned to Dickens’s books again and again over the years to see what he has to say about readers’ own time. 83. The BBC adapted one of his less well-known novels, Little Dorrit, into a popular television drama that introduced many Brits to the novel for the first time. A dark story about greed and money, it was the perfect story to illustrate the bad times. No surprise then that it was Dickens Britons turned to, during the economic crisis last year, to make sense of a world rapidly falling apart. 84. Readers of the 19th and early 20th century usually prized Dickens’s earlier novels for their humor and pathos. While recognizing the virtues of these books, critics today tend to rank more highly the later works because of their formal coherence and acute perception of the human condition. For as long as Dickens’s novels have something to say to modern audiences, it seems likely that he will remain one of Britain’s best loved writers. 第Ⅱ卷

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