Inventor，physicist，surveyor，astronomer，biologist，artist... Robert Hooke was all these and more. Some say he was the greatest experimental scientist of the seventeenth century. Once he worked with renowned（有名声的） men of science like Christian Huygens，Antony van Leeuwenhoek，Robert Boyle，Isaac Newton and the great architect，Christopher Wren.

Hooke’s early education began at home，under the guidance of his father. He entered Westminster School at the age of thirteen，and from there he went to Oxford，where he came in contact with some of the best scientists in England. Hooke impressed them with his skill at designing experiments and devising（发明） instruments. In 1662，at the age of twenty－eight，he was named Curator of Experiments of the newly formed Royal Society of London. Hooke accepted the job，even though he knew that it had no money to pay him!

Watching living things through the microscope was one of his favorite occupations. He devised a compound microscope for this purpose. One day while observing a cork (软木) under a microscope，he saw honeycomb－like structures. They were cells—the smallest units of life.In fact，it was Hooke who coined the term “cell” as the boxlike cells of the cork reminded him of the cells of a monastery(修道院)．

Perhaps because of his varied interests，Hooke often left experiments unfinished. Others took up where he left off and then claimed sole(独占的)credit. This sometimes led to quarrels with colleagues. One work that he finished was his book MICROGRAPHIA，a volume that reveals the immense potential of the microscope. The book also includes，among other things，ideas on gravity and light which may have helped scientists like Newton while they were developing their own theories on these phenomena.

Hooke made valuable contributions to astronomy too. A crater(陨石坑) on the moon is named after him in appreciation of his services to this branch of science.

1.From the first paragraph，we can know that Robert Hooke __________.

A．was famous because he worked with many scientists

B．liked making friends with the famous people

C．received a lot from other scientists

D．made contributions to many different fields

2.Robert Hooke probably went to school in __________.

A．1647　　　    　B．1634           C．1662          D．1640

3.Robert Hooke made himself known to some of the best scientists in England by __________.

A．learning by himself with his father’s help

B．introducing himself to them

C．designing experiments and instruments

D．refusing any reward from Royal Society of London

4.Robert Hooke couldn’t get along well with his colleagues because __________.

A．he couldn’t finish his work on time sometimes

B．he had all kinds of interests in his daily life

C．he was too proud to look up to them

D．the other scientists took the fruits of his experiments

For thousands of millions of years the moon has been going round the earth. At that time, the moon was the 　36 satellite(卫星)of the earth. Today, 　37 , the earth has many other satellites. All of them are 38 by man. These man-made satellites are very much smaller than the moon. However, some of them will still be going 39 the earth thousands of years from now.

Man-made satellites don’t 40 because they are going too fast to do so. As they speed along, they 41 to go straight off into space. They 42 out of the earth, or its gravity, which 43 them from doing this. As a result, they travel in an orbit(轨道)round the earth.

If a man-made satellite travels about at a certain height, it can keep going 44 round the earth, just like the moon. This is 45 it is above the atmosphere(大气), and there is nothing to 46 it down. If it travels 47 than that, it will be slowed down so much that it will 48 the earth.

Men have 49 spaceships to the moon and to the two 50 planets Mars(火星) and Venus(金星). By putting a camera on 51 the spaceship to the moon, men have been able to 52 photographs of the other side of the moon. This side is always 53 from us as the moon 54 the earth. The 55 were later transmitted by radio to the earth. They showed that the other side of the moon is very much the same as the side that turns towards us.

36. A. first　　　　　　 B. second　　　　　　　　　C. last　　　　　　　　　　 D. only

37. A. then　　　　　　B. however　　　　　 　 C. though　　　　　　　　 D. so

38. A. found　　　　　B. discovered　　　　　　C. made　　　　　　　　　 D. sent

39. A. with　　　　　 B. round　　　　　　　　　 C. behind　　　　　　　　 D. after

40. A. fall　　　　　　 B. rise　　　　　　　　　　　　C. break　　　　　　　　 D. stop

41. A. want　　　　 B. wish　　　　　　　　　 C. hope　　　　　　　　　 D. tend

42. A. pull　　　　　 B. push　　　　　　　　　　 C. take　　　　　　　　　　 D. launch

43. A. protects　　B. keeps　　　　　　　　　　C. makes　　　　　　　　 D. discourages

44. A. in and in　 B. on and on　　　　　　 C. out and out　　　　　D. up and up

45. A. because　 B. why　　　　　　　　　　　 C. whether　　　　　　　 D. when

46. A. hand　　　　 B. force　　　　　　　　　 C. slow　　　　　　　　　　 D. bring

47. A. higher　　　 B. longer　　　　　　　　　　 C. more　　　　　　　　　 D. lower

48. A. leave away　　　　　 B. fall to　　 C. go after　　　　　　　　 D. knock over

49. A. gave　　　　 B. offered　　　　　　　　　　C. sent　　　　　　　　　 D. drove

50. A. nearest　　 B. smallest　　　　　　　　　C. biggest　　　　　　 D. closest

51. A. board　　　 B. right　　　　　　　　　　 C. left　　　　　　　　　　 D. top

52. A. form　　　　 B. film　　　　　　　　　　　　C. catch　　　　　　　 D. take

53. A. far　　　　　　　B. hidden　　　　　　　　　C. different　　　　　　 D. separated

54. A. leads　　　　　 B. obeys　　　　　　　　　 C. circles　　　　　　　 D. pursues

55. A. information　 B. letters　　　　　　　　　C. sounds　　　　　　 D. photos

In 1826, a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for his business .But he was not a good artist .So he invented a very simple camera (照相机).He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of his garden .That was the first photo.

　　The next important date in the history of photography (摄影术) was in 1837.That year, Daguere, another Frenchman, took a picture of his reading room .He used a new kind of camera in a different way. In his picture you could see everything very clearly, even the smallest thing. This kind of photo was called a Daguerreotype.

　　Soon, other people began to use Daguerre's way .Travelers brought back wonderful photos from all around the world .People took picture of famous buildings, cities and mountains.

　　In about 1840, photography was developed .Then photographers could take picture of people and moving things .That was not simple .The photographers had to carry a lot of film(胶片) and other machines. But this did not stop them, for example, some in the United States worked so hard.

　　Mathew Brady was a famous American photographer. He took many picture of great people .The pictures were unusual because they were very lifelike(栩栩如生的)

　　Photography has also became one kind of art by the end of the 19th century .Some photos were nor just copies of the real world .They showed feelings, like other kinds of art.

1.The first photo taken by Niepce was a picture of ____________

A. his business　　　B. his house　　　　C. his garden　　　　D. his window

2.The Daguerreotype was____________.

A. a Frenchman　　　　B. a kind of photo

C. a kind of camera　　 D. a photographer

3.If a photographer wanted to take pictures of moving things in the year of 1840, he had to__________.

A. watch lots of films

B. buy an expensive camera

C. stop in most cities

D. take many films and something else with him.

4.Mathew Brady______________.

A. was very lifelike

B. was famous for his unusual pictures

C. was quite strong

D. took many pictures of moving people

　　　 One effective way of destroying happiness is to look at something and focus on even the smallest fault. It’s like looking at the tiled (铺瓦的) ceiling and concentrating on the space where one tile is 　36　

　　　 Once I heard a bald man said, “whenever I enter a room 　37　 I see is hair.” Once you’ve 　38

what your missing tile is, explore whether acquiring it will 39 make you happy. Then do one of the three things: get it, replace it with a different 　40 , or forget about it and 　41 the tiles in your life that are not missing.

　　　 We all know people who have a relatively 　42 life, yet are essentially unhappy while people who have suffered a great deal but 　43 remain happy.

　　　 The first 　44 is gratitude. All happy people are 　45 . Ungrateful people cannot be happy. We tend to think that being unhappy leads people to 　46 , but it’s truer to say that complaining leads to people becoming unhappy.

　　　 The second secret is 　47 that happiness is a byproduct (副产品) of something else. The most obvious 　48 are those pursuit (追求) that give our lives purpose — anything 　49 studying insects to playing baseball. The more passions we have, the more happiness we are 　50 to experience.

　　　 Finally, the belief that something permanent goes beyond us and that our 　51 has some larger meaning can help us to feel happier. We 52 a spiritual faith, or a philosophy, it should 53 this truth: if you choose to find the 　54 in every situation, you will be blessed, and if you choose to find the awful, you will be cursed. As with happiness itself, this is 55 your decision to make.

36.A、different　　　　　　　　　 B、missing　　　　　　　　　 C、short　　　　　　　 D、broken

37. A、nothing　　　　　　　　　　 B、none　　　　　　　　　　　 C、all　　　　　　　　　 D、anything

38. A、determined　　　　　　　 B、predicted　　　　　　　　 C、assumed　　　　 D、imagined

39. A、completely　　　　　　　 B、naturally　　　　　　　　 C、hopefully　　　　 D、really

40. A、tile　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B、brick　　　　　　　　　　 C、ceiling　　　　　　 D、house

41. A、look on　　　　　　　　　　 B、focus on　　　　　　　　 C、count on　　　　 D、focus on

42. A、peaceful　　　　　　　　　 B、difficult　　　　　　　　　 C、easy　　　　　　　 D、ordinary

43. A、certainly　　　　　　　　　 B、merely　　　　　　　　　 C、hardly　　　　　　 D、generally

44. A、secret　　　　　　　　　　　 B、factor　　　　　　　　　　　　　 C、rule　　　　　　　　 D、key

45. A、wealthy　　　　　　　　　 B、grateful　　　　　　　　　 C、proud　　　　　　 D、generous

46. A、upset　　　　　　　　　　　 B、quarrel　　　　　　　　　 C、complain　　　　 D、depress

47. A、admitted　　　　　　　　　 B、assuming　　　　　　　 C、proving　　　　　 D、realizing

48. A、sources　　　　　　　　　 B、results　　　　　　　　　 C、answers　　　　　 D、goals

49. A、among　　　　　　　　　　 B、from　　　　　　　　　　　 C、through　　　　　 D、for

50. A、probable　　　　　　　　　 B、possible　　　　　　　　 C、likely　　　　　　　 D、capable

51. A、value　　　　　　　　　　　 B、destination　　　 C、survival　　　　　 D、existence

52. A、need　　　　　　　　　　　　 B、lack　　　　　　　　　　　 C、demand　　　　　 D、expect

53. A、involve　　　　　　　　　　 B、include　　　　　　　　　 C、absorb　　　　　　 D、mean

54. A、worst　　　　　　　　　　　 B、best　　　　　　　　　　　 C、positive　　　　　 D、negative

55. A、absolutely　　　　　　　　 B、totally　　　　　　　　　　 C、exactly　　　　　 D、largely

Easter(复活节)is still a great day for worship, candy in baskets and running around the yard finding eggs, but every year it gets quite a bit worse for bunnies.

And no, not because the kids like to pull their ears. The culprit is climate change, and some researchers found that rising temperatures are having harmful effects on at least five species of rabbit in the US.

Take the Lower Keys Marsh rabbit, for instance. An endangered species that lives in the Lower Florida Keys, this species of cottontail is a great swimmer—it lives on the islands！—but it is already severely affected by development and now by rising sea levels. According to the Center for Biological Diversity, an ocean level rise of only 0.6 meters will send these guys jumping to higher ground and a 0.9­meter rise would wipe out their habitat(栖息地)completely.

The snowshoe hare, on the other hand, has a color issue. Most of these rabbits change their fur color from white in the wintertime to brown in the summer, each designed to give them better cover from predators(捕食者). As the number of days with snow decreases all across the country, however, more and more bunnies are being left in white fur during brown dirt days of both fall and spring, making them an easier mark for predators. Researchers know that the color change is controlled by the number of hours of sunlight, but whether the rabbit will be able to adapt quick enough to survive is a big question. The National Wildlife Federation has reported that hunters have noticed their numbers are already markedly down.

American pikas or rock rabbits, a relative of rabbits and hares, might be the first of these species to go extinct due to climate change. About 7­8 inches long, pikas live high in the cool, damp mountains west of the Rocky Mountains. As global temperatures rise, they would naturally migrate(迁移) to higher ground—but they already occupy the mountaintops. They can't go any higher. The National Wildlife Federation reports that they might not be able to stand the new temperatures as their habitat heats up.

The volcano rabbit has the same problem. These rabbits live on the slopes of volcanoes in Mexico, and recent studies have shown that the lower range of their habitat has already shifted upward about 700 meters, but there are not suitable plants for them to move higher, so they are stuck in the middle. Scientists are concerned about their populations.

Native to the US, pygmy rabbits weigh less than 1 pound and live in the American West. They are believed to be the smallest rabbits in the world. Their habitats have been destroyed by development. Several populations, such as the Columbia Basin pygmy, almost went extinct and were saved by zoo breeding programs. Pygmy rabbits also rely on winter cover by digging tunnels through the snow to escape predators, but lesser snowfall is leaving them exposed.

All of this gives new meaning to dressing up in a giant bunny costume this Easter.

36．The writer mentions Easter at the beginning of the passage in order to ________．

A．show the importance of Easter Day

B．introduce the issue about bunnies

C．remind people of Easter traditions

D．discuss the relationship between Easter and bunnies

37．The word “culprit”(Paragraph 2)is closest in meaning to ________．

A．criminal  　B．judge  C．victim  D．producer

38．According to the passage, some rabbits can now be easily discovered by predators because they ________．

A．are exposed to more skillful hunters

B．have moved to habitats with fewer plants

C．haven't adapted themselves to climate change

D．can't change their fur color into white in the fall and the spring

39．The problem faced by volcano rabbits and rock rabbits is that ________．

A．both are affected by less snow

B．both are affected by rising sea levels

C．neither can find enough food

D．neither can migrate to higher places

40．Which best describes the writer's tone in the passage?

A．Approving.  B．Concerned.

C．Enthusiastic.  D．Doubtful.