Four decades ago a group of college students visited the mountains of Borneo to examine moth (蛾) populations. Now a team of British scientists, including a member of the original trip, has returned to the same sites to repeat the survey. They have found that, due to rising temperatures, the insects now live 68 meters higher.

Global warming is forcing tropical (热带的) species uphill to escape the rising temperatures at a rate of nearly 2 meters a year, the new study from Borneo suggests.

Since this was the only chance to repeat the original survey, the scientist did everything they could to do it exactly the same way, going at the same time of year, in July and August, using photographs to find the exact original sites of the moth traps.

"While this is the first study of insects, a few other studies of tropical species are starting to appear," said Thomas. "If you look across all those studies, you’ll find the same results, and it’s extremely difficult to think of any other explanation for them."

While some species might survive by finding places on the mountains with temperatures similar to those of their original habitats, others may run out of habitat on the rocky peaks, warns the study.

In a paper in the journal Naturein 2004, Thomas and 13 other experts analyzed the habitats of 1,100 species on five continents, and estimated that on average one quarter were at risk of extinction.

Last year a paper published in the Public Library of Science in the US warned that the risk of extinction in the tropics was becoming more and more serious. The authors, Jana and Steven Vamosi, estimated that 20-45% of tropical species were at risk of extinction.

1.If the temperature continues to rise at the same rate for ten years, the insects will live about ______.

A．6.8 meters higher                       B．19 meters higher

C．34 meters higher                       D．68 meters higher

2.What’s the problem for some species moving up mountains?

A．There’ll be too little space.

B．The temperature will be much too low.

C．They will be at greater risk of extinction.

D．They’ll find it hard to adapt to the environment.

3.We can learn from the passage that ______.

A．this survey of moths has been carried out many times

B．some scientists have put forward other explanations for the results

C．scientists tried to repeat the original survey

D．20-45% of tropical species were estimated to be at risk of extinction in 2004

4.Which of the following has been mainly discussed in the passage?

A．Climate change forcing moths higher.

B．Protecting moths from extinction.

C．How to research tropical moths.

D．How to study moths living on mountains.

Four decades ago a group of college students visited the mountains of Borneo to examine moth (蛾) populations. Now a team of British scientists, including a member of the original trip, has returned to the same sites to repeat the survey. They have found that, due to rising temperatures, the insects now live 68 meters higher.
Global warming is forcing tropical (热带的) species uphill to escape the rising temperatures at a rate of nearly 2 meters a year, the new study from Borneo suggests.
Since this was the only chance to repeat the original survey, the scientist did everything they could to do it exactly the same way, going at the same time of year, in July and August, using photographs to find the exact original sites of the moth traps.
"While this is the first study of insects, a few other studies of tropical species are starting to appear," said Thomas. "If you look across all those studies, you’ll find the same results, and it’s extremely difficult to think of any other explanation for them."
While some species might survive by finding places on the mountains with temperatures similar to those of their original habitats, others may run out of habitat on the rocky peaks, warns the study.
In a paper in the journal Naturein 2004, Thomas and 13 other experts analyzed the habitats of 1,100 species on five continents, and estimated that on average one quarter were at risk of extinction.
Last year a paper published in the Public Library of Science in the US warned that the risk of extinction in the tropics was becoming more and more serious. The authors, Jana and Steven Vamosi, estimated that 20-45% of tropical species were at risk of extinction.
【小题1】If the temperature continues to rise at the same rate for ten years, the insects will live about ______.

    If you’re looking for the thrill of a lifetime，running with the bull、should be near the top of your list！Thousands of tourists flock to Spain each year to run with the bulls，but it isn’t exactly a walk in the park—it’s actually an extremely dangerous sport！

    The running of the bulls takes place every July during the San Fermin Festival in Pamplona，Spain, Traditionally，the public has an opportunity to run with the bulls down a half 一mile stretch of cobbled（用圆石头砌路的）road, which ends in a bull fighting ring. It happens at 8 AM every morning for a week straight and each race lash two to three minutes. The run started in the mid 1800s when officials would take the bulls from the edge of town to the bull ring（圆形场地）in the center of the city. Before long, people started to join the bulls in the run.

    There are plenty of risks going into this event. Participating in the run means risking a pile一up，which can lead to injury or death of both the bulls and the runners. With so many people running in a panic，it can be complete chaos out there. As part of the preparation for the annual event，barricades（路障）are placed on each side of the street so people can easily exit the race.

    There are a few key things to remember about participating in the running of the bulls. You should never try to catch a bull’s attention because a bull runs down the path as fast as possible until it reaches its destination. If it is bothered，it will separate from the rest of the bulls and that could spell trouble！Other ways you can avoid injury and chaos are to avoid touching the bulls，run behind them，and make sure not to bother the drovers who lead the bulls to the arena（斗牛场）．

Interesting Facts

    You must be over 18 years old if you want to run with the bulls.

    A rocket goes off to alert the runners and spectators that the bulls leave been released to the street.

    Nearly everyone who participates wears white pants（裤子）, a white T-shirt, a red belt and a red handkerchief.

    Legendary author Ernest Hemingway wrote numerous novels about the San Fermin Festival.

You can only start the run at the starting line，you can’t join it half way through.

    15 people have died in the past 100 years while running with the bulls. A few hundred people have suffered from serious injuries as well.

1．While running with the bulls，you        .

    A．must be over 14 years old                 B．can join the running half way

    C．can touch the bulls                        D．might get injured，even killed

2．Which of the following is NOT the characteristic of this Spanish festival？

    A．Thrilling.            B．Safe.                  C．Exciting.            D．Dangerous.

3．What does the underlined word "spell"（in Paragraph 4）probably mean?

    A．write letters one by one                     B．explain in detail

    C．cause a result of something                D．avoid meeting something

4．Why do many people go to Spain every year according to the passage?

A．To see people run with the bulls.          B．To watch an extremely dangerous sport.

C．To participate in the run with the bulls. D．To watch the bulls fighting.

When we donate（捐献）blood, a small amount is usually taken in advance for at least ABO and Rh systems typing. If you are O+, the O is your ABO type and the + is your Rh type. It is possible to be A, B, AB, or O as well as Rh + or Rh-.

The ABO system was discovered by Karl Landsteiner in the early 1900s. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for his achievements. There are four basic types of blood in the ABO system: A, B, AB and O. Everybody is born with one of these four types of blood. We get blood type, just like hair color and height from parents. Because of the substances （物质） contained in each type, the four groups must be transfused carefully. If two different blood types are mixed together, it may put a person into an extremely dangerous situation. Basically, A and B cannot be mixed. A and B cannot receive AB, but AB may receive A or B． In an emergency, type O blood can be given because it is most likely to be accepted by all blood types，so it is often called the universal donor. However，there is still a risk. For the opposite reason，AB is sometimes called the universal receiver. However，because there can be so many reactions in transfusions，patients usually receive only salt until their blood can be matched as exactly as possible in the blood bank of the hospital.

There is a relationship between your blood type and your nationality. Among the Europeans, about 45 percent have type O while 42 percent have type A． The rarest is type AB． Other races have different percentage. For example, some American Indian groups have nearly 100 percent type out of 100 donors in the world…

1．Which of the following shown the correct relationships in blood transfusions?

A．               B．                  C．                     D．

2．The underlined word “transfuse” most probably means __________.

A．to put the blood into a container

B．to move the blood from one place to another

C．to put the blood of one person into the body of another

D．to give power to another person

3．The writer suggests that the third most common blood type among the Europeans is _________.

A．B                     B．A                    C．AB                  D．O

4．The text mainly tells us ___________.

A．about the basic types of human blood

B．what kind of blood is the most common

C．about Karl Landsteiner who won the Nobel Prize

D．the relationship between blood type and nationality