摘要：要点1 几个形容词修饰一个名词时的语序 当同时用几个形容词来修饰一个名词时.一般可按照以下顺序:限定词-----描绘性形容词-----大小.新旧.式样-----颜色-----产地-----作定语的名词----- 被修饰名词. 如: some lovely Chinese children 一些可爱的中国儿童(限定词-----描绘性形容词-----国别) a small black leather handbag 一个小的黑色皮包(大小-----颜色-----作定语的名词表示材料) a red German sports car 一辆红色的德国赛车(颜色-----国别-----作定语的名词表示用途) a small old stone bridge 一座老的小石桥(大小-----新旧-----作定语的名词) 注意: 限定词放在最前面.作定语的名词紧靠被修饰词,同种类的 形容词.短在前.长在后.序数词放在基数词之前.如: the first two books 最初两本书 但是.这里所讲的语序并不是一成不变的. 要点2 需放在被修饰语之后的形容词 形容词作定语.一般放在名词的前面.但如果被修饰语是由some,any,every和no构成的不定 代词时.用作定语的形容词必须放在它所修饰的词后面.如: There is nothing new in his report. 他的报告里没有什么新东西 . Is there anything important? 有什么重要的事情吗? He told me something very important. 他告诉我一些很重要的事. There is nothing wrong with him. 他没有错. So far nobody important has visited this place. 到目前为止.还 没有重要人物来这儿看过. 注意: 英语中有些形容词一般只能作表语.不能放在名词前作定语 .如以a-开头的形容词.afraid,asleep,alone,awake,alive.另外.ill,glad,sorry,sure,well也不能放在名词前作定语. 注意: sick与ill不同.sick既可以作表语也可以作定语而ill则不能.试比较: These children are ill/sick. 这些孩子病了. The nurse is taking care of the sick children. 护士正在 照料患病的孩子们. 另外.在度量衡用语中.形容词通常放在度量单位之后.例如: I'm 1.80 metres tall. 我身高1.80米. The room is 32 feet wide. 这间房子有32英尺宽. 要点3 三种要求形容词作表语的系动词 形容词除与系动词be连用作表语外.还可以与其他一些系动词连用. 1) 表示一种特征.状态.感觉的系动词.如: appear.seem.taste.sound(听 ). The meat tastes good. 这肉味道好. He doesn't seem happy. 他似乎不高兴. I'm not feeling well today. 我今天不舒服.(well用作形容词做 表语只能表示身体好) 2) 表示状态转变的系动词.意为“变得 .“变成 .如:become,get,grow,turn等. It's getting dark. 天渐渐地黑了. The hill has turned green. 山变绿了. 3) 表示保持某种状态的系动词.如:remain等. The problem remains unsolved. 问题仍然未解决. Keep quiet,please! 请安静! 要点4 某些以-ly结尾的形容词 英语中有一些以-ly结尾的形容词.不要误以为是副词. deadly 致命的 friendly 友好的 lonely 孤单的 likely 可能的 lovely 可爱的 lively 愉快的 brotherly 兄弟般的 fatherly 父亲似的 ugly 难看的 silly 愚蠢的 还有一些与时间有关的词.虽以-ly结尾.但既可以用作形容词又可以用作副词.如: daily 每日(的) weekly 每周一次(的) monthly 每月一次(的) yearly 每年一次(的) 要点5 名词用作形容词 1) 名词用来作定语修饰另一个名词时.相当于一个形容词.如: ticket office 售票处 book store 书店 traffic accident 交通事故 table leg 桌子腿 2) 名词用作形容词修饰另一名词时.一般都用单数形式.而且总是放在被修饰的名词之前 .如: shoe repairers 修鞋人 ring finger 无名指 wine glass 酒杯 cigarette lighter 打火机 也有一些是例外.如: sports car 赛车 clothes shop 服装店 arms production 武器生产 注意: 名词作定语与形容词作定语意思相差较大. gold ring 金戒指 golden ring 镀金戒指stone wall 石墙 stony heart 铁石心肠 colour TV set 彩色电视机 colourful life 多彩的生活 要点6 带有数字的复合形容词 当复合形容词用连字号连接时.其中的名词用单数形式.主要有两种结构: 1) 数词+名词. a three-hour flight 一次三小时的飞行 a three-pound chicken 一个重三磅的鸡 a two-hundred-metre bridge 一座二百米长的桥 a five-hundred-word letter 一封五百字的信 2) 数词+名词+形容词. a three-year-old boy 一个三岁的男孩 a fifty-metre-wide river 一条五十米宽河 要点7 同形的副词和形容词 fast train 快车 hard workers 干活卖力的工人 run fast 跑得快 work hard 干活卖力.工作努力 right answer 正确的回答 enough food 足够的食物 do everything right 样样事情做得对 large enough 足够大 in the late afternoon 傍晚 in the early morning 一大早 work late 工作得晚 come early 来得早 其他如straight,wide,high,low也都能用作形容词和副词.例如: He drew a straight line on the paper. 他在纸上划了一条直线. He went straight to the room. 他径直朝那房子走去. 要点8 具有两种形式的副词 英语中有些副词有两种形式.但其意义不同. The station is quite near. 车站就在附近. He lives near. 他就住在附近. It's nearly nine o'clock. 将近九点钟了.(nearly用作副词.但其含义是:将近.几乎) The cake is hard. 这蛋糕太硬. 用作形容词 The test is hard. 测验太难. He is a hard worker. 他是一个干活卖力的工人. We all work hard. 我们都努力工作. I can hardly understand you. 我不太懂你的意思. 意为:几乎不 There was hardly a cloud in the sky. 天空几乎没有云彩. He is late. 他迟到了. He went to bed late last night. 他昨晚很晚才睡觉. Have you seen her lately? 你最近看见过她吗? 注意: 除上述几个词外.英语中还有一些具有两种形式的副词.如: deep 深--deeply 深深地 high 高--highly 高度地 wide 宽--widely 广泛地 He jumps higher than I. 他比我跳得高. We think highly of our teacher. 我们对我们的老师评价很高. He opened all the windows wide to let the fresh air in. 他把所有的窗户开得很大.好让新鲜空气进来. She is widely known in China. 她在中国的知名度很高. 要点9 形容词比较级和最高级的构成 1) 单音节形容词加-er和-est构成其比较级和最高级. strong--stronger--the strongest new--newer--the newest 闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母.须先双写这个辅音字母.再加-er和-est. 如:big--bigger--biggest.hot--hotter--hottest.thin--thinner--thinnest. 2) 三音节或三音节以上的形容词前加more和most.构成其比较级和最高级. interesting--more interesting--the most interesting important--more important--the most important 3) 双音节形容词中.一般以-y,-er,-ow,-ple等结尾的词加-er,-est. pretty--prettier--the prettiest 漂亮的 clever--cleverer--the cleverest 聪明的 simple--simpler--the simplest 简单的 narrow--narrower--the narrowest 狭窄的 常用的词有:easy.happy. 4) 以-ful,-ing结尾的双音节词一般加more/most. doubtful--more doubtful--the most doubtful 注意: 英语中.有些双音节形容词可以加more/most.也可以加-er .-est构成比较级和最高级.常见的词有:friendly,clever,narrow,common. 要点10 副词比较级和最高级的构成 1) 副词比较级和最高级形式通常由加more和most构成.例如: quickly--more quickly--most quickly slowly--more slowly--most slowly 2) 与形容词同形的副词.其构成方式与相应的形容词相同.例如: fast--faster--fastest hard--harder--hardest early--earlier--earliest 要点11 少数形容词和副词的比较级.最高级是不规则的. 原级 比较级 最高级 good } well better best bad } ill badly worse worst many } much more most little less least oldest eldest 要点12 同等程度比较的要点 1) as-as 之间一定要用形容词或副词原形.如: I am as old as you. 我和你年龄一样大. Tom works as hard as Mary. 汤姆和玛丽工作一样努力. 注意:“as--as 可用almost,quite,just,just about,nearly,twice,by no means修饰.置于“as--as 之前. 2) so用以替代第一个as时.只能用于否定句.如: John is not as/so clever as Jack. 约翰不像杰克那样聪明. He doesn't read as/so clearly as she. 他读得不像她那样清楚.She didn't sing as/so well that night as she usually does. 她那天晚上唱得没有平 时好. 3) as much+不可数名词+as.而as many+可数名词复数+as. Bob has read as many books as Mary. 鲍伯和玛丽读了一样多的书. There is as much water in this bottle as in that bottle. 这瓶子里的水和那瓶子里的水一样多. 4)as+adj.+不定冠词+可数名词单数+as German is as difficult a language as English. as+adj.+不可数名词+as Bread is as important food as rice. 要点13 不同程度比较的要点 1) 要用“比较级+than 的结构. I am taller than Tom(is). 我比汤姆高. Mary works harder than John. 玛丽比约翰工作努力. This city is more beautiful than that. 这城市比那城市更美丽. You look younger than before. 你看起来比以前年轻. 2) 比较级前可用much,far,a lot,a little,a bit,rather.even,still,a great deal等表示程度.但比较级 前不能再用more. She sings far/much better than the others. 她唱得比 别人好得多.(better本身就是比较级.不能用far/much more better) Your book is far/much more interesting than his. 你 的书要比他的书有趣得多. (其中more interesting是比较级.far/much用以修饰more interesting表示程度) Now I read a little faster than before. 现在我读得比过去稍快一点. 表示不同程度比较时.句子主语不能包括在比较对象的范围之内. any other student anyone else all the other students any of the other students 他比 班上其他学生学习用功.(他本身也是学生不能用any students来表示比较对象 的范围) 注意: any other加可数名词单数.all the other加可数名词复数 .试比较: The moon is closer to us than any star/stars.月亮距离我们比任何恒星都近. (月亮不是恒星.因此用any star/stars并没有把主语包括在比较对象的范围之内) China is larger than any country/countries in Africa. 中国比 非洲的任何国家大. Chi na is larger than any other country in Asia. 中国比 亚洲的任 何国家大.(中国是亚洲国家之一.因而不能用any country/countries) 3) 比较的对象要一致.一般说来同等的两个事物才能比较.如: Tom's bike is more expensive than Jim's. 汤姆的自行车比吉姆的贵. The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai. 北京的天气比上海 冷. His English is better than anyone else's in his class. 他的英语比班上其他人的都 好. 4) 英语中往往用that/those或the/that one/the ones代替上文提及的同等部分.但如果比 较的事物是不可数名词.用that不能用the one/the ones/those. The water in the glass is cleaner than that in the river. 杯子里的水比河里的水清.(water为不可数名词.用that) I like these pictures better than those/the ones on the wall. 我喜欢这些画胜过墙上那些.(those,the ones指代可数名词复数) The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a cat. 兔子的耳朵比猫长. (与of短语一起用时.不能用the ones) Your ruler is longer than that/that one/the one on the desk. 你的尺比桌上的尺长.(that/that one/the one指代可数名词单数) 5) 两者之间的比较不能用最高级. Who is more honest, Tom or Susan? 汤姆和苏珊两个人谁更诚实? 注意 : 比较级范围是由of引出两者之间的比较.比较级前要用定冠词 . He is the taller of the two. 两人中他高一点. 要点14 有些以?ior结尾的形容词本身就含有比较的意思 以-ior结尾的形容词.不用“比较级+than 来表示比较.而是要用“原级+to .常用的 词有:superior.junior.senior. He is inferior to you in all respects. 他各方面都不如你. This engine is superior in many respects to that. 这台发动机在很多方面比那一台要好. 要点15 最高级的用法 1) 三者的比较才能用最高级. Mary is the tallest girl in her class/of the three. 玛丽是她班上个子最 高的女孩. Bill reads most clearly of all the students. 在所有这些学生中.比尔读得最清楚. 2) 形容词最高级要加the. They're the biggest animals in the world. 它们是世界上最大的动物. Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in the world. 上海是世界最大城市之 一.(one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数表示“最--之一 ) He is one of the tallest students in the class. 他是班上个子最高的学生之一. It is the second tallest building in the world. 它是世界上第二高的建筑物. 注意: 如不表示比较.也没有表示比较范围的状语.最高级前不用t he时.作“十分 .“非常 解. It is a most useful tool. 这是一种非常有用的工具. He is a brightest student. 他是一个非常聪明的学生. 注意:最高级可用by far,easily,nearly ,by no means,序数词等修饰.置于最高级之前. He is the second tallest boy in our class. 注意: 要点16 几个特殊的比较结构 1) “the+比较级-.the+比较级- 结构.意为“越--.越-- .表示程度的平行增 长.如: The higher the temperature(is),the greater is the pressure.(=the greater the presure is.) 温度越高.压力就越大. The older he gets,the wiser he becomes. 他越长越聪明. The bigger,the better. 越大越好. 2) “比较级+and+比较级 结构.意为“越来越-- .表示程度逐渐增长.如: Our life is getting better and better. 我们的生活越来越好. Our country has become stronger and stronger. 我们的国家越来越强大了. He is running faster and faster. 他越跑越快. 注意: 当形容词需加上more变为比较级时.表示“越来越-- . 需用“more and more+形容词原形 的结构. Shanghai is becoming more and more beautiful. 上海变得越来越美丽. More and more people give up smoking. 越来越多的人戒烟. 3) “倍数词+as+原级+as 构成倍数比较结构. This TV set costs twice as much as that one. 这架电视机的价格是那架电视机的两倍 . The truck is 3.5 times as heavy as that minibus. 这辆卡车有那辆小客车的三倍半重 .表示倍数也可以用以下的结构: The rice output of this region is about four times that of 1957. 这个地区 的大米产量相当于1957年的4倍. 4) “大三岁 .“长两米 要用“数量词+比较级 来表示.如: He is three years older than I. 他比我大三岁. This river is 100 meters longer than that one. 这条河比那条河长100米. 5)“as-- as 的比喻结构.此结构表示“像--一样-- It’s as cold as ice in here. 这儿冷得像冰窖. It’s as dark as night in this room. 这屋子简直就像晚上一样黑. 常见的比喻结构有:as free as a bird,as hungry as a wolf,as strong as a horse,as clever as a fox,as busy as a bee-- 6)more than和less than.这2个固定词组分别表示“多于 和“少于 .如: There are more than three hundred pupils in the school. 这个学校有300多个学生. They finished the work in less than a year. 他们不到一年就完成了这项工作. 7)no more than和no less than也是固定词组.分别表示“只不过 和“有--之多 .“多达 . I have no more than ten dollars. 我只有10块钱. In our school there are no less than 250 teachers. 我们学校里的教师有250位之多. 8)not more than和not less than.not more than表示“不多于 .“至多 .not less than表示“不少于 .“至少 . The experiment was done by not more than 5 persons. 做这个试验的人不到5个. There were not less than one hundred people at the meeting. 到会的至少有100人. 要点17 貌似同等程度比较结构的一些固定习惯用语 英语中有些看似是同等程度的比较结构.实际上它们是一些固定的习惯用语/ 1 as long as 只要,有--之久 I will work as long as Ilive. 只要活着.我就要工作. He has been ill as long as five years. 他已经病了5年之久. 3 as far as 到--地点,就--而言 I will go with you as far as the next bus stop. 我将和你一起走到下一个车站. As far as I know,he is a reliable person. 就我所知.他是一个可靠的人. 4 as high as 高达--程度 The average cost of one day in a hospital in that country can run as high as $400. 在那个国家里一天的平均住院费用可高达400美元. 5 as soon as 一--就 I will ting you up as soon as I get there. 我一到那里就给你打电话. 5)as well as 既--又 He has experience as well as knowledge.他既有知识又又经验. 要点18 表示相似.类同的几种方法 主语 alike the same similar The two brothers are very much alike. 兄弟俩非常相像. The two books are the same. 这两本书是一样的. The methods used by the three teachers are similar. 这三位教师使用的方法相类似. the same as 2) 主语+be+ { similar to } +名词 like John's hat is very much like mine in style/size. 约翰的帽子的款式很像我的 . Your opinion is similar to ours in many ways. 你的观点在许多方面与我们相似. The price is the same as last year. 这价格与去年相同. age 3)主语+be+the same { size } +as+名词 colour weight The suitcase is the same size as that one. 这衣箱与那个一样大小. He is the same age as his wife. 他与他的妻子同年. 4) 在以上句型中.也可常用动词look来替代be动词. The pen looks like mine. 这笔看上去像我的.The two houses look alike. 这两幢房子看上去相似. 要点19 表示相异.不同 1) differ from 与--不同. Nylon differs from silk in cost. 尼龙和丝绸在成本方面不同. 2) be different from 与--不同. Their house is different from ours in style. 他们的房子风格跟我们的不同. 3) unlike 不同.不像. My son is unlike me in every respect. 我的儿子没有一处像我. 要点20 无比较级.最高级的词 circular,silent,east,empty,false,first,golden,matchless,perfect,right.round,square,true,unique.wrong.absolute.mere.atomic.daily.monthly.yearly.physical.wooden-- 练习.形容词和副词 高考题选:1. John has three sisters. Mary is the of the three. A. most cleverest B. more clever C. cleverest D. cleverer 2. The students are young people between the age of sixteen and twenty. A. most B. almost C. mostly D. at most 3. She told us story that we all forgot about the time. A. such an interesting B. such interesting a C. so an interesting D. a so interesting 4. It is impossible for so workers to do so work in a single day. A. few, much B. few, many C. little, much D. little, many 5. The horse is getting old and can't run it did. A. as faster as B. so fast than C. so fast as D. as fast as 6. The story sounds . A. to be true B. as true C. being true D. true 7. I'd been expecting letters the whole morning, but there weren't for me. A. some; any B. many; a few C. some; one D. a few; none 8. This year they have produced grain they did last year. A. as less; as B. as few; as C. less; than D. fewer; than 9. After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced tractors in 1988 as the year before. A. as twice many B. as many twice C. twice as many D. twice many as 10. The pianos in the other shop will be , but . A. cheaper; not as better B. more cheaper; not as better C. cheaper; not as good D. more cheap; not as good 11. ---Can I help you? ---Well, I'm afraid the box is heavy for you, but thank you all the same. A. so B. much C. very D. too 12.---Excuse me, is this Mr. Brown's office? ---I'm sorry, but Mr. Brown works here. He left about three weeks ago. A. not now B. no more C. not still D. no longer 13. If we had followed his plan, we could have done the job better with money and people. A. less; less B. fewer; fewer C. less; fewer D. fewer; less 14. Oh, John. you gave me! A. How a pleasant surprise B. How pleasant surprise C. What a pleasant surprise D. What pleasant surprise 15. ---How did you find your visit to museum? ---I thoroughly enjoyed it. It was than I expected. A. far more interesting B. even much interesting C. so more interesting D. a lot much interesting 16. Canada is larger than country in Asia. A. any B. any other C. other D. another 17. Those oranges taste . A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well 18. The experiment was easier than we had expected. A. more B. much more C. much D. more much 19. food you've cooked! A. How a nice B. What a nice C. How nice D. What nice 20. Go and get your coat. It's you left it. A. there B. where C. there where D. where there 21. John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes . A. open B. to be opened C. to open D. opening 22. ---Are you feeling ? ---Yes, I' m fine now. A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better 23. Which is country, Canada or Australia? A. a large B. larger C. a larger D. the larger 24. ---Will you give this message to Mr. White, please? ---Sorry, I can't. He . A. doesn't any more work here B. doesn't any longer here work C. doesn't work any more here D. doesn't work here any longer 25. How can you finish the drawing? A. often B. soon C. long D. rapid

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