C

It happened one morning 20 years ago. A British scientist Alec Jeffrey came across DNA fingerprinting: He identified the patterns of genetic material that are unique to almost every individual. His discovery changed everything from the way we do criminal investigations to the way we decide family law. But the professor of genetics at the University of Leicester, UK, is still surprised, and a bit worried, by the power of the technology he released upon the world.

The patterns within DNA are unique to each individual, except identical twins, who share the same pattern. The ability to identify these patterns has been used to convict(证明…有罪) murderers and to clear people who are wrongly accused. It is also used to identify the victims of war and settle disputes over who is the father of a child.

Jeffrey said he and his colleagues made the discovery by accident while tracking genetic

variations(变异). But, within six months of the discovery, genetic fingerprinting had been used in an immigration case, to prove that an African boy really was his parents’ son.·In 1986, it was used for the first time in a British criminal case: It cleared one suspect after being accused of two murders and helped convict another man.

DNA testing is now very common. In Britain, a national criminal database established in 1995 now contains 2.5 million DNA samples. The U.S. and Canada are developing similar systems. But there are fears about the stored DNA samples and how they could be used to harm a person’s privacy. That includes a person’s medical history, racial origin or psychological profile. “There is the long-term risk that people can get into these samples and start getting additional information about a person’s paternity(父子关系) or risk of disease,” Jeffrey said.

DNA testing is not an unfailing proof of identity. Still, it is considered a reasonably reliable system for determining the things it is used for. Jeffrey estimates the probability of two individuals’ DNA profiles matching in the most commonly used tests at one in a billion.

62. According to the text, DNA testing can NOT be used in _______ .

A. doing criminal investigations        B. deciding faraily law

C. clearmg wrongly accused people     D. telling twins apart

63. DNA samples are not popular with all the people because _______ .

A. the government in Britain establishes a criminal database

B. the US and Canada develop similar systems

C. DNA samples can be used to harm a person’s privacy

D. DNA testing is too expensive and dangerous now

64. Where will you most probably find this article?

A. In a guidebook.                   B. In a storybook.

C. In a science fiction.                D. In a scientific magazine.

65. Which is the best title for the passage?

A. Discovery of DNA testing by Jeffery  B. Practice of DNA testing in court

C. DNA testing in the present situation   D.Benefits and side effects of DNA testing

C

It is a lot of trouble to learn a new language. When we go to all that trouble, we certainly want to be understood. But understanding is based on more than speech. Sometimes misunderstanding comes not from the wrong words, but from the wrong style. In our own country, we learn the style for politeness. But this polite style may be misunderstood in another country. This can cause unexpected difficulties. Since you have spent so much effort learning this new language, it is sensible and practical to learn the politeness rules also. Even if you think some of the customs are foolish, learning them can help you to be clearly understood.

In your country, is it considered polite to listen quietly to other people without any change of expression on the face? If this is the style you have learned, perhaps you should watch two Americans talking. Notice how the person who is listening will have frequent changes of expression. The listener may also make little remarks while the other person is talking. These little remarks may be one word, like “Really?” or they may just be a little sound, like “Uhhuh” or “Mmm.” This is the way American listeners show that they are listening in a friendly way. This is why Americans get uneasy when the listener is silent and shows no change of expression. In the American style of speaking, an unmoving face often means that the listener is unfriendly, or perhaps even angry.

Sometimes people from two countries are uncomfortable with each other for very small reasons. Here is an example: Americans think that perspiration odor is not polite. In fact, they worry so much about this subject that they spend a great deal of money on deodorants (除臭剂) and dry cleaning and washing their clothes. If a foreign student does not follow the same rule, Americans may be disturbed and think the foreigner is not nice. The problem can be especially troublesome because Americans are so embarrassed about this subject that they do not even like to talk about it, so they are not likely to tell that person why they are uneasy.

63. If you want to be clearly understood in another country, besides the language, you should also learn _________.

A. its common knowledge     B. its style            C. its wrong words       D. how to make a speech

64. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A. American listeners have frequent changes of expression.

B. A foreign student may not get along well with Americans if he smells.

C. An unmoving face and silence of listeners will make Americans feel unhappy.

D. Making little remarks like “Really”, “Uhhuh” or “Mum” is impolite while listening to an American.

65. The underlined phrase in the last paragraph probably means _________.

A. an unpleasant smell                                     B. a good style of talking

C. an unfriendly way                                    D. a polite expression

66. What would be the best title for the passage?

A. Learning a new language                   B. Different people, Different languages

C. Body Language                                      D. Different Countries, Different Cultures

A "lost tribe" that reached America from Australia may have been the first Native Americans, according to a new theory.

If proved by DNA evidence, the theory will break long established beliefs about the southerly migration of people who entered America across the Bering Strait, found it empty and occupied it.

On this theory rests the belief of Native Americans to have been the first true Americans. They would be classified to the ranks of escapee, beaten to the New World by Aboriginals (土著人) in boats.

To a European, this may seem like an academic argument, but to Americans it is a philosophical question about identity (身份), Silvia Gonzales, of Liverpool University said .

Her claims are based on skeletons found in the California Peninsula of Mexico that have skulls (头骨) quite unlike the broad Mongolian features of Native Americans. These narrow-skulled people have more in common with southern Asians, Aboriginal Australians and people of the South Pacific Region.

The bones, stored at the National Museum of Anthropology (人类学) in Mexico City, have been carbon-dated and one is 12,700 years old, which places it several thousand years before the arrival of people from the North. "We think there were several migration waves into the Americas at different times by different human groups," Dr. Gonzales said． "The timing, route and point of origin of the first colonization of the Americas remains a most contentious topic in human evolution."

But comparisons based on skull shape are not considered conclusive by anthropologists, so a team of Mexican and British scientists, backed by the Natural Environment Research Council, has also attempted to take out DNA from the bones. Dr. Gonzales declined yesterday to say exactly what the results were, as they need to be checked, but indicated that they were consistent（一致） with an Australian origin.

It is generally considered that the first Native Americans came from _____.

       A．North Asia      B．Australia   C．South Pacific   D．South Asia

The skeletons found in the California Peninsula of Mexico have _____.

       A．the broad skull shape     

       B．the narrow skull shape

       C．different features of Aboriginal Australians   

       D．the same features of Native Americans

The underlined “contentious” is similar in meaning to “_____”.

       A．likely to cause great interest    B．difficult to solve

       C．well-known to all           D． likely to cause argument

Which of the following statements is true according to the text?

       A．Research on skulls can draw an exact conclusion.

       B．DNA tests have proved the fact that the first Native Americans came from Australian.

       C．Scientists are still not sure about the origin of the Native Americans.

       D．People began to enter America across the Bering Strait about 12,700 years ago.

It was 4 o'clock in the morning when I received the phone call．

    “This is the emergency room calling and your son was just  41  in with severe burns on his face，neck and arms．We have called for a（n）  42   and are going to fly him to the burn unit in Seattle．” Seattle was 350 miles from his college，so we knew immediately this was  43  ．

    The doctor described the  44  ，which caused the burns．At 6 am，our son and his friends decided to barbecue hamburgers in the courtyard of their apartment．When they   45   the charcoal（木炭），it burst into flames because they had sprayed too much gasoline（petrol）．The flames  46  my son’s shirt tail and shot from his waist to well over his head．

       47  ，one of the boys was quick-minded，grasped my son，and  48  him on the grass．While it saved his life，it was not in  49   to save him from severe burns and the terrible scars（伤疤）．

    After he  50  from the treatments，the doctors told him they would not do plastic surgery（整容）for 6 months  51  it takes that long for the skin to stop shrinking and wrinkling．So，he had to return to college with scars typical of severe burns．

    When I was a child, my mother told my sister，who had a 10-inch, very  52__ scar on her arm，“Nancy，if you ignore the scar，other people will ignore it．It does not mean they will not  53  it，but it means it will not matter to them if it doesn’t matter to you．’’

    I  54   this wisdom on to my son．He took my advice to  55  and returned to school with his head held high--glad he was alive．

    By the end of the six-month waiting period，he decided that the scars did not  56  , so he made the  57  to give up any plastic surgery．

    We all have “scars” that we believe  58  people to keep away from us．And we spend a lot of time thinking that if only we looked different，or dressed differently，people would like us better． 

     But you see，people will only judge you by your looks，or your clothes，if you are judging yourself by these same  59  standards．Put your imperfections out of your mind and concentrate on what you value  60  yourself，and your beauty will shine through．

A．brought        B．given          C．turned      D．showed

A．doctor         B．hospital        C．aircraft     D．ambulance

A．serious        B．terrible         C．painful     D．important

A．event          B．process         C．reason      D．accident

A．got         B．lit             C．burned      D．moved

A．took          B．held            C．caught      D．attracted

A．Fortunately   B．Surprisingly     C．Happily    D．Slowly

A．pushed        B．threw           C．dropped    D．rolled

A．shape          B．place           C．fact       D．time

A．benefited       B．recovered        C．suffered   D．relaxed

A．if             B．while         C．because     D．although

A．normal        B．violent          C．obvious    D．popular

A．mention       B．notice           C．laugh     D．hide

A．sent           B．kept          C．handed     D．passed

A．heart          B．life            C．practice    D．consideration

A．grow       B．matter          C．exist        D．appear

A．mistake        B．effort           C．decision    D．request

A．invite         B．cause           C．allow      D．remind

A．false          B．strict            C．moral           D．general

A．by            B．over            C．beyond   D．within

D

This brief book is aimed at high school students , but speaks to anyone learning at any stage of life.

   Its formal ,serious style closely matches its content ,a school-masterly book on schooling .The author , W .H . Armstrong ,starts with the basics : reading and writing . In his opinion , reading doesn’t just mean recognizing each word on the page ; it means taking in the information, digesting it and incorporating it into oneself just as one digests a sandwich and makes it a part of himself .The goal is to bring the information back to life , not just to treat it as dead facts on paper from dead trees . Reading and writing cannot be completely separated from each other ; in fact ,the aim of reading is to express the information you have got from the text .I’ve seen it again and again ：someone who can’t express an idea after reading a text is just as ineffective as someone who hasn’t read it at all.

Only a third of the book remains after that discussion, which Armstrong devotes to specific tips for studying languages, math, science and history. He generally handles these topics thoroughly and equally, except for some weakness in the science and math sections and a bit too much passion regarding history. Well, he was a history teacher---if conveyed only a tenth of his passion to his students, that was a hundred times more than my history teachers ever got across .To my disappointment, in this part of the book he ignores the arts. As a matter of fact, they demand all the concentration and study that math and science do, though the study differs slightly in kind. Although it’s commonly believed that the arts can only be naturally acquired ,actually ,learning the arts is no more natural than learning French or mathematics.

My other comment is that the text aged. The first edition apparently dates to the 1960s—none of the references(参考文献)seem newer than the late 1950s. As a result, the discussion misses the entire computer age.

These are small points, though, and don’t affect the main discussion. I recommend it to any student and any teacher, including the self-taught student.

According to Armstrong, the goal of reading is to________.

A. gain knowledge and expand one’s view

B. understand the meaning between the lines

C. express ideas based on what one has read

D. get information and keep it alive in memory

The author of the passage insists that learning the arts_________.

A. requires great efforts

B. demands real passion

C. is less natural than learning math

D. is as natural as learning a language

What is a shortcoming of Armstrong’s work according to the author?

A. Some ideas are slightly contradictory.

B. There is too much discussion on studying science.

C. The style is too serious.

D. It lacks new information.

This passage can be classified as________.

A. an advertisement

B. a book review

C. a feature story

D. A news report