2009年高考阅读理解分析指导（六）
考点六 推理判断题
推理判断题主要考查考生根据已知信息作出合理推断或判断的逻辑思维能力。常见的推理判断题的提问方式有：
1. It can be inferred / concluded from the text that _____.
2. The writer suggests that _____.
3. Form the passage we can infer / conclude that _____.
4. We may infer from the text that _____.
5. It is implied in the passage that _____.
6. This text is most probably taken from _____.
现以2008年全国卷II B篇分析如下：
The Queen’s English is now sounding less upperclass, a scientific study of the Queen’s Christmas broadcasts has found. Researchers have studied each of her messages to the Commonwealth countries since 1952 to find out the change in her pronunciation from the noble Upper Received to the Standard Received.
Jonathan Harrington, a professor at Germany’s University of Munich, wanted to discover whether accent (口音) changes recorded over the past half century would take place within one person. “As far as I know, there just is nobody else for whom there is this sort of broadcast records,” he said.
He said the noble way of pronouncing vowels (元音) had gradually lost ground as the noble upperclass accent over the past years. “Her accent sounds slightly less noble than it did 50 years ago. But these are very, very small and slow changes that we don’t notice from year to year.”
“We may be able to relate it to changes in the social classes,” he told The Daily Telegraph, a British newspaper. “In 1952 she would have been heard saying ‘thet men in the bleck het’. Now it would be ‘that man in the black hat’. Similarly, she would have spoken of ‘the citay’and ‘dutay’, rather than‘cite’and‘dutee’, and ‘hame’ rather than ‘home’. In the 1950s she would have been ‘lorst’, but by the 1970s ‘lost’.”
The Queen’s broadcast is a
personal message to the Commonwealth countries. Each Christmas, the 10-minute
broadcast is put on TV at 3 pm in
The results were published (发表) in the Journal of Phonetics.
47. We may infer from the text that the Journal of Phonetics is a magazine on _____.
A. speech sounds B. Christmas customs C. TV broadcasting D. personal messages
【解析】
A。此题属推理判断题。文中提到“thet men in the bleck het”实则为“that man in the black hat”；将“home”说成“hame”；将“lost”说成“lorst”， 这些研究成果发表在the Journal of Phonetics。由 此推断该杂志为语音学研究杂志。 解答此类题切忌妄自猜测，要善于剖析文中 事件间的因果、时间先后等逻辑关系，并依此作出合理的推理判断。
考点八 逻辑排序题
逻辑排序题是指要求考生根据所读材料对若干个事实按一定逻辑顺序进行排列组合的试题。此类试题可归属于细节理解和逻辑推理题, 多出现在记叙文材料的阅读理解中。现以2006年浙江卷A篇为例说明如下：
Fat and shy, Ben Saunders was the
last kid in his class picked for any sports team. “Football, tennis, cricket―anything
with a round ball, I was useless,” he says now with a laugh. But back then he
was the one always made fun of in school gym classes in
It was a mountain bike he received for his 15th birthday that changed him. At first he went biking alone in a nearby forest. Then he began to ride the bike along with a runner friend. Gradually, Saunders set up his mind on building up his body, increasing his speed and strength. At the age of 18, he ran his first marathon.
The following year he met John
Ridgway and was hired as an instructor at Ridgway’s school of adventure in
In 2001, after becoming a skillful skier, Saunders started his first long-distance expedition towards the North Pole. It took unbelievable energy. He suffered frostbite, ran into a polar bear and pushed his body to the limit, pulling his supply-loaded sled up and over rocky ice.
Saunders has since become the
youngest person to ski alone to the North Pole, and he’s skied more of the
North Pole by himself than any other British man. His old playmates would not
believe the change. Next October, Saunders, 27, heads south from the coast of
43. Which of the following is the correct order of the events that happened to Saunders?
a. He ran his first marathon.
b. He skied alone in the North Pole.
c. He rode his bike in a forest.
d. He planned an adventure to the South Pole.
A. a-c-d-b B. c-d-a-b C. a-c-b-d D. c-a-b-d
解答此类试题可使用“ 比较法” , 即：先比较四个答案的异同，从而找到突破口。通过比较可知，上题只需分辨出a和c的先后顺序即能缩小答案范围。根据第二段内容可知，Saunders到森林中骑车是15岁时，而首次跑马拉松是18岁时，故可排除A和C。接下来只需比较d和a的先后顺序即可得出答案D。
解答此类试题，也可使用“排除法”，即：先找两头―最先发生和最后发生的事情，将不符合要求的选项排除，从而逐步缩小范围，直至得出答案，这样可以大大提高速度。