The Finnish and Russian governments, together with the Petrozavodsk Communal Utilities Systems (PKS) and a group of international financial institutions, have signed a EUR 32 million investment project, which is intended to finance the improvement of drinking water quality and the reduction of untreated wastewater being discharged into Lake Onega in northwestern Russia.

The PKS is currently implementing(实施) an investment project, which is intended to improve drinking water quality and upgrade the wastewater treatment facilities in Petrozavodsk, which is situated on the western shores of Lake Onega.

The investment project will finance recycling and dewatering of sludge(烂泥) generated in the drinking water plant and modernize the wastewater treatment plant by introducing a bio-chemical process. These measures are expected to result in an annual decrease of 60 tonnes of phosphorus (磷)discharges into Lake Onega.

The setup of the investment project has been co-operated by the Nordic Environment Finance Corporation (NEFCO) that provides a EUR 4 million loan for the project. A loan from the Nordic Investment Bank (NIB) totals EUR 7 million. Other financing includes a EUR 5 million from the Northern Dimension Environmental Partnership (NDEP) and a EUR 2 million from the Finnish Ministry of the Environment. The contribution of Russia’s federal government, the government of the Republic of Karelia and the PKS amounts to EUR 14 million.

The Barents Euro-Arctic Council (BEAC) has identified Petrozavodsk as one of the environmental hot spots in the region because of the lack of treatment of wastewater being discharged into Lake Onega, and the international Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission (HELCOM) has been keen to promote investment in wastewater treatment infrastructure and facilities in the region.

“Concrete cooperation between neighbours is the best solution to saving our waters. This may require time and effort from all the parties, but can also result in frameworks that can offer models for water management cooperation elsewhere”, says Mr. Ville, Finland’s Minister of the Environment.

71. What’s the purpose of the investment project?

A. To forbid the discharging of wastewater into Lake Onega

B. To finance the Finnish and Russian governments

C. To offer finance to reduce the discharging of wastewater into Lake Onega

D. To make the seawater suitable for drinking by local people 

72. What does the underlined word “upgrade” in the second paragraph mean?

A. improve   B. develop   C. abandon    D. decrease

73. Which of the following organizations or governments does not invest the project?
A. The Nordic Environment Finance Corporation (NEFCO)

B. The Northern Dimension Environmental Partnership (NDEP)

C. The government of the Republic of Karelia

D. The Barents Euro-Arctic Council (BEAC)

74. Why has the BEAC identified Petrozavodsk as one of the environmental hot spots in the region?

A. Because there is no treatment of wastewater being discharged into Lake Onga.

B. Because the ways to treat wastewater being discharged into Lake Onega are far from

enough.

C. Because the location of Petrozavodsk is very significant in the Baltic Sea catchment area.

D. Because Petrozavodsk is a city of some 270,000 inhabitants.

75. What’s the best title of the passage?

A. The Finnish and Russian governments.

B. A EUR 32 million investment project

C. Water mangement cooperation elsewhere

D. The Nordic Environment Finance Corporation

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