13．
A．There are many ways for parents to deal with the problems．
B．The mess can disturb the whole household．
C．Parents are all angry at it．
D．Humor can help，too．
E．Parenting experts also recommend that parents first ask children in a nice way to clean up and agree on a reasonable time limit．
F．What doesn't work，parenting experts say，is constant lectures，verbal threats or getting very angry．
An 18-year-girl Kayla Perkins explains what is in her bedroom，"I throw something on the floor and I know right where it is．"However，her parents，Steve and Deborah Perkins，of Mckinney，Texas，haven't caught on．Even Kayla admits that，at the worst，her room is a mess．
Most families at some point have at least one child whose room looks like a landfill． （67）BDirty clothes pile up； dirty dishes get lost in the mess and smell bad； homework is lost； and valuable things are ruined．
Some parents let it go，believing that a bedroom is private space for children to manage as they wish．Others lecture their children，offer rewards for cleaning，or punish them when they don't．（68）F
Mrs．Perkins says they picked up all the clothes on Kayla's floor and hid them．They cleaned everything up．When Kayla came back to a bare bedroom，there was screaming and shouting，"How can I live without my clothes？"Mrs．Perkins asked Kayla to earn her clothes back by doing housework．These days，she keeps her room clean．
（69）D For example，since Jessica，the 14-year-old daughter wasn't bothered by the dirty clothes all over her floor，the whole family started using her room as a place to store dirty clothes．Her attitude changed after her family did that．By the time she gave in and cleaned up her room a few days later，even she was laughing．
（70）E Children often behave better if you treat them in the way you would want to be treated by your boss at work-with respect and high expectations．
12．Loss of Biodiversity （生物多样性） Affects Human Society
If a species of bee disappears forever or a particular plant is extinct，what does it have to do with us humans？Well，according to a team of international scientists，biodiversity is dropping below levels （21）considered （consider） safe for the health and happiness of human societies．
The issue is that everything is inter-connected and ecosystems support our societies （22）because/as/since they provide us with，for example，food，fibres and fuels．If species go on disappearing，this can disturb many vital processes （23）like crop pollination （授粉） and the decomposition （分解） of waste．
A framework which defines the environmental limits within （24）which humans can really operate--called planetary boundaries--says （25）losing （lose） more than 10% of the biodiversity in an area places the local ecosystem at risk．Ecosystems are all different but this percentage is considered as a good measure of safety．
A study published in the magazine Science suggests that 58% of the world's land surface （26）has been reduced （reduce） below this level already．These areas house 71% of the global population．Professor Andy Purvis，from Imperial College London and the Natural History Museum，is one of the authors of the study．He says，"Once we're the wrong side of the boundary，（27）it doesn't mean everything goes wrong immediately，but there is a remarkable higher risk （28）that things will go badly wrong．"
The researchers found that grasslands，savannas and shrub lands were most affected by biodiversity loss on average．Purvis hopes this report （29）can become a wake-up call to those who design policies．Here's his warning："Decision-makers worry a lot about economic recessions （衰退），but an ecological recession could have even （30）worse （bad） consequences-and the biodiversity damage we've had means we're at risk of that happening．Until and unless we can bring biodiversity back up，we're playing ecological roulette （轮盘赌）．"
11．What is your first language？The first language of all humans is touch．
It was a winter day and I was （41）Chome from work．It was （42）Band windy．I crossed my arms against my body，trying to make myself warmer．
Then I （43）Aher．She was walking in front of me on the sidewalk．Well，she was not really walking，more like （44）Dher feet along in her house slippers．
As I passed her，she turned and smiled．Her （45）Blighted up her face．I saw that she was well into her 80s，maybe even early 90s．And she was holding some letters in her hands．
I walked on and arrived at the （46）D．Waiting there，I saw the （47）Cacross the street．The light turned green for me to cross the （48）A．But I pretended to check my phone and waited for her to （49）B．In this neighborhood，（50）Ccrossing with the green light was dangerous．Drivers often drove （51）Dthrough red lights and stop signs．
When she reached me on the sidewalk，we （52）A，side by side，for the light to change．I wanted to speak to her，but I was not sure．People were often untrusting of （53）Din the city．But I turned to her and （54）Ctouched her on the arm．"Excuse me ma'am．Can I help you？"
She smiled and answered in a （55）BI did not understand．But then she waved her hand as if to say，"We don't need to talk，my dear．"
She took my hand in hers and held it．Her small hand was （56）Aand warm．So，now we were waiting hand-in-hand for the light to change．
The light changed （57）Cwe walked together slowly across the street．I （58）Bthe letters in the mailbox and （59）Aher back across the street．When safely across，she said"thank you"in beautifully accented English and （60）Dgood-bye．

41．A．drivingB．leavingC．walkingD．staying
42．A．warmB．coldC．rainyD．sunny
43．A．noticedB．helpedC．watchedD．realized
44．A．pushingB．liftingC．keepingD．dragging
45．A．joyB．smileC．kindnessD．behavior
46．A．storeB．sidewalkC．street cornerD．traffic light
47．A．policemanB．signC．mailboxD．driver
48．A．streetB．groundC．squareD．line
49．A．calm upB．catch upC．speed upD．turn up
50．A．everB．neverC．evenD．yet
51．A．swiftlyB．slowlyC．noisilyD．wildly
52．A．waitedB．chattedC．remainedD．stood
53．A．womenB．customersC．passengersD．strangers
54．A．quicklyB．heavilyC．gentlyD．suddenly
55．A．voiceB．languageC．soundD．way
56．A．softB．whiteC．hardD．rough
57．A．butB．ifC．andD．as
58．A．threwB．droppedC．filledD．folded
59．A．tookB．heldC．broughtD．carried
60．A．movedB．shookC．noddedD．waved
10．75．He apologised/apologized to the teacher for not arriving on time just now．
9．72．Seeing such extraordinarybeauty（beautiful），I think every cell in my body woke up．
8．What does the man want to do tonight？
A．Go out to eat．
B．Eat at home．
C．Learn how to cook．
7．The First World War ________ in 1914．（　　）
A．break outB．breaks outC．broke outD．will break out
6．As everyone knows，the sun______ in the east and sets in the west．（　　）
A．roseB．risesC．has risenD．is rising
5．The manager often changed his mind，_______ made us very angry．（　　）
A．whomB．whichC．thatD．whose
4．It's Time to Put it Away
Your smart phone may have hurt you before you realize it．Don't be addicted to it．Put your phone away，OK？
1．Cyber Sickness
Also called"digital motion sickness"，symptoms that range from headaches to woozy feelings can occur when you quickly scroll on your smart phone or watch action-packed video on your screen．（36）BYour sense of balance is different from other senses in that it has lots of inputs．When those inputs don't agree，that's when you feel dizziness and sickness．
2．Text Claw
It is the unofficial term for soreness and muscle contraction felt in the fingers，wrist and forearm after heavy smart phone use．（37）FSo if you're always on your phone，it makes sense to feel discomfort in your hands and forearms．
3．Eye Strain（疲劳）
Do you stare at a screen for hours on end？If you're reading this，you very well might suffer eye strain．（38）GStaring at your digital devices for a long time can lead to dry eyes，headaches and tiredness，which can decrease your productivity．Experts suggest taking screen breaks every 20minutes．
4．Text Next
Similar to the claw，text neck-discomfort in the neck and spine---happens when you spend a long time looking down at your smart phone．（39）D．Being mindful of how far your neck bends when you're on your phone---and bending it back to an upright position---can help reduce the risk of text neck．
5．Pedestrian Safety
Pedestrian deaths are on the rise because too many smart phone users engage in distracted walking．While focused on the cyber world，many of us can lose reality of the physical one．Elemental pedestrian safety knowledge is compromised by technology，and the risks are scary．（40）E．
A．We should taking breaks for a walk
B．The sensation results from a mismatch between sensory inputs
C．Remember that pedestrian safety is more important than smart phone
D．The habit may lead to people requiring medical spine care at a younger age
E．To avoid injury or worse，put your phone away until you've reached a safe spot
F．Any specific motor activity can cause pain in tendons（筋）and muscles when done repeatedly
G．Any activity that requires active use of your eyes-driving and reading included-can cause eye tiredness．
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