15．Not a day goes by when we don't use the World Wide Web．Today it has become almost as important to——青夏教育精英家教网—

15．Not a day goes by when we don't use the World Wide Web．Today it has become almost as important to every family as food and water!This year，the World Wide Web has turned 25years old．What many people don't know is that the web was at first created to improve communication between thousands of scientists in Switzerland．
In 1989，Tim Berners-Lee was a 34-year-old British physicist working as a software engineer at CERN，the European Organization for Nuclear Research in Switzerland．Since CERN was a huge organization with thousands of scientists，communication between them was becoming increasingly difficult．
Berners-Lee wanted to develop a system to solve the problem．His paper suggested an information system，where a page on one computer could have a link to another page on another computer （connected through the Internet），allowing scientists to read lots of information quickly．However，Berners-Lee's boss said that it sounded exciting but impossible．
Even though there were many difficulties and few supporters，Berners-Lee went on to develop the World Wide Web．He came up with ideas such as Hyper-text Transfer Protocol（超文本传议）to allow computers to talk to each other，Hyper-text Markup Language （HTML） to create the pages，a server to serve the pages，and a browser （浏览器） to see them．
In December 1990，the World Wide Web was demonstrated （展示）and in 1991，the WWW project was made public，so that other programmers could develop their own  browsers．Berners-Lee believed that it could be used for more than scientific purposes．He wanted the Internet to be easy for anyone to use-a free open software．His wishes soon came true．
Although the World Wide Web has today turned into a completely different thing from what it meant at first，it has become necessary and important to our lives，powering our    mobile technologies and the way we get information．

12．The World Wide Web was created toC．
A．help people get information easily and quickly
B．support the development of mobile technologies
C improve communication between scientists at CERN．
D．make it easier for British scientists to communicate
13．As for Berners-Lee's paper，his bossD．
A．felt puzzled about it
B．showed no interest in it
C．was certain about it
D．had no confidence in it
14．According to the text，Berners-LeeA．
A．doesn't give up easily when in trouble
B．is a 55-year-old Swiss physicist
C．has worked at CERN for 25 years
D．knows little about the Internet
15．What would be the best title for the text？D
A．The popularity of the web．
B．Interview with Tim Berners-Lee．
C．Tips on improving the website．
D．World Wide Web turns 25!

14．About ten men in every hundred suffer from color blindness in some way．Women are luckier； only about one in two hundred is affected in this matter．Perhaps，after all，it is safer to be driven by a woman!
There are different forms of color blindness．In some cases a man may not be able to see deep red．He may think that red，orange and yellow are all shadows of green．Sometimes a person cannot tell the difference between blue and green．In rare cases an unlucky man may see everything in shades of green------a strange world indeed．
Color blindness in human beings is a strange thing to explain．In a single eye there are millions of very small things called"cones"．These help us to see in a bright light and to tell
difference between colors．There are also millions of"rods"，but these are used for seeing
when it is near dark．They show us shape but no color．
Some insects have favorite colors．Mosquitoes prefer blue to yellow．A red light will not attract insects，but a blue lamp will．In a similar way human beings also have favorite colors．Yet we are lucky．With the aid of the cones in our eyes we can see many beautiful colors by day，and with the aid of the rods we can see shapes at night．One day we may even learn more about the invisible（看不见的）colors around us．

8．The passage is mainly aboutC．
A．color and its surprising effects．
B．women being luckier than men
C．color blindness
D．danger caused by color blindness
9．According to the passage，with the help of the"cones"，we canA．
A．tell difference between colors
B．see in a weak light
C．kill mosquitoes
D．tell different shapes
10．Why do some people say it is safer to be driven by women？C
A．Women are more careful．
B．Women are fonder of driving than men．
C．There are fewer color-blind women
D．Women are weaker but quicker in thinking．
11．Which of the statements about the color-blind is TRUE？A
A．Not all of them have the same problem in recognizing color．
B．None of them can see deep red．
C．None of them can tell the difference between blue and green．
D．All of them see everything in shades of green．

13．Good news for giant panda lovers：The cute and cuddly creature has just been brought back from the brink of extinction．
The International Union for Conservation of Nature （IUCN） downgraded the species from"endangered"to"vulnerable"as the union released its updated Red List on Sept 4at Hawaii．

The downgrade came after IUCN data suggested that there were 1，864giant pandas in the wild in China in 2014-their population has grown by 17percent in the decade leading up to 2014．
Chinese conservation efforts，including forest protection and reforestation，are considered to be the driving force behind the animal's resurgence．
"It's all about restoring the habitats，"Craig Hilton-Taylor，head of the IUCN Red List，told the BBC．
The number of panda reserves in China has also jumped to 67，from 13in 1992．Nearly two-thirds of all wild pandas live in these reserves，according to the World Wildlife Fund．
"Just by restoring the panda's habitat，that's given them back their space and made food available to them，"Hilton-Taylor said．
A loss of habitats，on the contrary，was what caused the number of pandas to drop to just over 1，200in the 1980s，Hilton-Taylor added．
Apart from giant pandas，the Tibetan Antelope has also moved from"endangered"to"near threatened"．According to a statement from IUCN，the animal's numbers dwindled severely-dropping from around 1million to an estimated 65，000-72，500in the 1980s and early 1990s-due to commercial poaching．Rigorous（严格的） protection has since been enforced to protect the beasts and the population is now likely to be between 100，000and 150，000．
Despite the improved statuses，wild animals like the giant panda and the Tibetan Antelope still face great challenges．The IUCN warned，for example，that ongoing threats from climate change could eliminate more than 35percent of the panda's bamboo habitat in the next 80years，which would reverse the species recent gains．

28．What does the underlined word in pagagraph 1mean？C
A．dangerous and threatened         B．safe and sound
C．weak and easily hurt             D．normal and common
29．Which of the following can account for pandas'living improvement？C
A．Better climate．B．More built reserves．
C．Well restored habitats．D．Aroused public awareness．
30．The passage is written in order  toB．
A．convince        B．inform       C．argue       D advocate
31．What does the last paragraph imply？B
A．The climate will influence the threatened species．
B．We humans still have a long way to go to protect the endangered species．
C．Pandas will go extinct for lack of abundant food．
D．Habitats for giant pandas will decrease sharply．

12．The term"to extend an olive（橄榄） branch"means to make an offer of peace or reconciliation（和好）．This term has Biblical（圣经的）origins，coming from the section of the Old Testament that deals with the flood； the sign that the flood is over is an olive branch brought back to the ark（方舟） by a dove．Olive branches were also symbols of peace in Ancient Greece and Rome，and they continue to be used in various works of art that are meant to suggest peace．
Some people have suggested that the olive was a very deliberate and well-considered choice as a metaphor（比喻）for peace，because olive trees famously take years to mature．War is typically very hard on the trees because people cannot take the time to nurture them and plant new ones．Therefore，the offer of an olive branch would suggest that someone is tired of war，whether it is an actual war or a falling out between friends．
In Ancient Greek and Roman times，people would offer actual olive branches．In Rome，for example，defeated armies traditionally carried olive branches to indicate that they were giving in，and the Greeks used them into weddings and other ceremonies．In the modern era，the branch is usually metaphorical，rather than actual，not least because the plants can be a bit difficult to obtain．
Many people agree that peace negotiations at all levels of society are a good idea．Between nations，obviously，it is important to extend an olive branch to ensure mutual safety and to help the world run more smoothly．This act can also be important on a personal level，as resolving conflict and learning to get along with others is viewed as an important life skill in many cultures．
At some point in their lives，many people will be advised to extend an olive branch to settle a dispute or resolve an issue．Some people believe that it takes an immense amount of courage to take this action，as it often comes with an admission of wrongdoing and regret．

32．According to the Bible，C．
A．an olive branch suggests flood is coming
B．the ark is made of olive tree wood
C．an olive branch means flood is over
D．a dove loves to settle on the olive branch
33．The olive is considered a good choice as a metaphor for peace for the following reasons EXCEPTB．
A．olive trees famously take years to mature
B．olive branches make people tired of war
C．war is typically very hard on the trees
D．people cannot take the time to nurture them while at war
34．Why are actual olive branches seldom used in modern times？C
A．Olive trees are being protected now．
B．Olive trees are planted only in certain countries．
C．Olive trees can be far to seek．
D．There is no need to use real olive branches．
35．It can be learned from the text that to extend an olive branchC．
A．is not important on a personal level
B．is only important between nations
C．takes a lot of courage
D．is an important life skill in many cultures．

11．In agrarian（农业的），pre-industrial Europe，"you'd want to wake up early，start working with the sunrise，have a break to have the largest meal，and then you'd go back to work，"says Ken Albala，a professor of history at the University of the Pacific．"Later，at 5or 6，you'd have a smaller supper．"
This comfortable cycle，in which the rhythms of the day helped shape the rhythms of the meals，gave rise to the custom of the large midday meal，eaten with the extended family．"Meals are the foundation of the family，"says Carole Couniban，a professor at Millersville University in Pennsylvania，"so there was a very important interconnection between eating together and strengthening family ties．"
Since industrialization，maintaining such a slow cultural metabolism has been much harder，with the long midday meal shrinking to whatever could be stuffed into a lunch bucket or bought at a food stand．Certainly，there were benefits．Modern techniques for producing and shipping food led to greater variety and quantity，including a tremendous increase in the amount of animal protein and dairy products available，making us more energetic than our ancestors．
Yet plenty has been lost too，even in cultures that still live to eat．Take Italy．It's no secret that the Mediterranean diet is healthy，but it was also a joy to prepare and eat．Italians，says Counihan，traditionally began the day with a small meal．The big meal came at around 1p．m．In between the midday meal and a late，smaller dinner came a small snack．Today，when time zones have less and less meaning，there is little tolerance for offices'closing for lunch，and worsening traffic in cities means workers can't make it home and back fast enough anyway．So the formerly small supper after sundown becomes the big meal of the day，the only one at which the family has a chance to get together．"The evening meal carries the full burden that used to be spread over two meals，"says Counihan．

24．What does Professor Carole Counihan say about pre-industrial European families eating meals together？B
A．It was helpful to maintaining a nation's tradition．
B．It brought family members closer to each other．
C．It was characteristic of the agrarian culture．
D．It enabled families to save a lot of money．
25．What does"cultural metabolism"（Line 1，Para.3）refer to？D
A．Evolutionary adaptation．
B．Changes in lifestyle．
C．Social progress．
D．Pace of life．
26．What does the author think of the food people eat today？B
A．Its quality is usually guaranteed．
B．It is varied，abundant and nutritious．
C．It is more costly than what our ancestors ate．
D．Its production depends too much on technology．
27．What does the author say about Italians of the old days？A
A．They enjoyed cooking as well as eating．
B．They ate a big dinner late in the evening．
C．They ate three meals regularly every day．
D．They were expert at cooking meals．

10．Bill Gates recently predicted that online learning will make place-based colleges less significant，and five years from now，students will be able to find the best lectures in the world online．I applaud Mr．Gates．But what's taking us so long？
As early as 1997，MIT （麻省理工）decided to post videos of all university lectures online，for free，for all people．But today，how many students have you met who mastered advanced mathematics or nuclear physics from an MIT online video？Unfortunately，the answer is not many．
The problem is the poor quality of online education websites and the experience they provide to students．Those who go to the MIT website and watch courses online are surely very smart people，but ifs not like playing a video game such as World of Warcraft．Only the most ardent students，those who are highly motivated，will devote themselves to studying these boring online videos．
The real question is why we aren't spending more to develop better online education platforms．Where is the Avatar of education？Think about this．The market for Hollywood films per year is worth around 30billion USD．Education in the world is a trillion-dollar-a-year market，hundreds of times bigger than Hollywood movies．Yet the most expensive digital learning system ever built cost well under 100million dollars．
Bill Gates'prediction is going to happen．There is no doubt about it．But it will only happen when we create high level educational content and experiences t hat engage and excite more than has ever been possible in the real world．

28．What has Bill Gates forecast about online learning？D
A．It will concentrate on physics lectures．
B．It will completely replace real universities．
C．It will help to make universities more successful．
D．It will play an increasingly important role in education．
29．What does the underlined word"ardent"in Paragraph 3mean？B
A．Creative．B．Enthusiastic．C．Well-behaved．D．Experienced．
30．According to the author，what is holding back the popularity of online learning？C
A．The lack of lectures available online．
B．The high cost of access to the websites．
C．The low standard of educational websites．
D．The competition with online computer games．
31．Why does the author mention Hollywood？D
A．To show that Hollywood produces many successful movies．
B．To prove that education is more profitable than entertainment．
C．To argue that movie directors should produce educational content．
D．To urge that more money be spent developing educational websites．

9．The 2016 Nobel Prize in Physics is shared by three scientists，the Royal Academy of Sciences announced in Stockholm on Tuesday．The Nobel Prize in Physics 2016 was divided，with one half awarded to David J．Thouless，the other half jointly to F．Duncan M．Haldane and J．Michael Kosterlitz"for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter．（物质拓扑相变和拓扑相）．"
Haldane said he was"very surprised"at the news，adding that he was glad that their discoveries found something previously unnoticed by many，and that they revealed"more possibilities for looking for new materials．"He particularly pointed out that a lot of work was still ongoing．
The year's prize amount is 8million Swedish krona （0.93 million US dollars），and will be split properly between the three winners．
The winners are given a sum of money when they receive their prizes，in the form of a document confirming the amount awarded．The amount of prize money depends upon how much money the Nobel Foundation （基金会） can award each year．The purse has increased since the 1980s，when the prize money was 880，000 SEK per prize．In 2009，the monetary award was 10million SEK（US$1.4million）．In June 2012，it was lowered to 8million SEK．
If there are two winners of a particular prize，the award money is divided equally between the winners．If there are there，the awarding committee can choose to divide the money equally，or award one-half to one winner and one-quarter to each of the others．It is common for winners to donate prize money to benefit scientific，cultural，or charitable causes．

32．How much prize money does Thouless get？C
A.8 million Swedish krona．
B.6 million Swedish krona．
C.4 million Swedish krona．
D.2 million Swedish krone．
33．According to the passage，Haldane thought that his wordA．
A．was far from ending
B．was based on many previous studies
C．had perfectly been completed
D．had surprised the whole world
34．The amount of prize moneyD．
A．has been ever increasing since the 1980s
B．has been ever decreasing since the 1980s
C．remains 880，000SEK each year after 2012
D．differs according to the Noble Foundation's affordability
35．What does the last paragraph talk about？D
A．The purpose of the award money．
B．The number of winners per prize．
C．How the winners are selected．
D．How the award money is dealt with．

8．The first decade of the 21st century has been a remarkable period for inventions．Here are some of the most influential inventions in the first decade．
1．iPod and iTunes：
These two inventions from Apple Inc．presented a revolutionary new way for people to listen to music and fundamentally changed the recording industry．iTunes was introduced in January，2001 and was marketed as a program that transferred （转录） CDs into digital audio files and helped organize digital recordings．Later that year，Apple introduced the iPod，a device （设备）that used a hard disk to store music files．The first model had a 5GB capacity and could hold over 1，000 songs．
2．iPhone：
The iPhone from Apple Inc．was released in June of 2007 and completely changed the way mobile phones are used personally and in business．Older phones typically included voice communications and sometimes a keyboard to send text messages．Phones that offered internet access were usually unreadable and difficult to handle．The iPhone introduced the multi-touch interface（界面） that allows for quick and easy access to data，music，and pictures while providing storage for other important information．
3．Electric Car：
Tesla Motors was formed in 2003．It was the first company to produce a vehicle that did not have significant difficulty in production or sales．Tesla vehicles claim an 88% efficiency rating compared to 20-25% for traditional gasoline-powered cars．According to data from the National Fire Protection Association，a driver is"5 times more likely to experience a fire in a traditional gasoline car than a Tesla．"
4．Facebook：
Facebook was not the first social networking website，but since its introduction in 2004 it has been the most influential medium.150 million users worldwide appreciate its multitude of features and easy accessibility．The concept of building connections through internet has changed the manner in which businesses market their products and people interact with one another．

21．What can we learn about iTunes？C
A．It is used to store music．
B．It has a hard disk．
C．It turns CDs into digital audio files．
D．It was introduced after iPod was invented．
22．Compared to a traditional gasoline-powered car，TeslaD．
A．takes in bigger profits
B．works in lower efficiency
C．sells better in the car market
D．is much safer from fire damage
23．Which two inventions changed the way of doing business？B
A．iPod and iTunes．
B．iPhone and Facebook．
C．iPhone and Electric Car．
D．Electric Car and Facebook．

7．Complaints exist everywhere around you．If you don't believe me，count how many times you complain about something or other in one day．Whether it being（61）stuck（stick） in traffic，being bothered （62）bythe weather，not enough mustard on your sandwich，（63）orwhatever it is，there are endless instances （64）whereyou can find a reason（65）to complain（complain）．We complain that we don't have enough time，and that we don't have enough money，etc．I know I've experienced plenty of （66）unpleasantness（unpleasant） due to complaining about things I can't control．Imagine how much （67）happier（happy） you would be if you（68）stopped（stop） complaining？Much of what you complain about is outside of your control anyway．So（69）whatis the point of complaining about something you have no power to change？（70）Simply（simple） becoming conscious of how much you complain is the first step to stopping．When you recognize that you're complaining，stop and take notice of it．Ask yourself if you would rather complain，or be happy．

6．The Internet has opened up a whole new on-line world for us to meet，chat and go where we've never been before．But just as in face-to-face communication，there are some rules of behavior that should be followed when online．（36）E．Imagine how you'd feel if you were in the other person's shoes．For anything you're about to send：ask yourself，"Would I say this to the person's face？"If the answer is no，rewrite and reread．Repeat the process till you feel sure that you'd feel comfortable saying the words to the person's face．
If someone in the chat room is rude to you，your instinct is to fire back in the same manner．（37）A．You should either ignore the person，or use your chat software to block their messages．If it was caused by a disagreement with another member，try to fix the situation by politely discussing it．Remember to respect the beliefs and opinions of others in the chat room．
（38）B．Offer advice when asked by newcomers，as they may not be sure what to do or how to communicate．When someone makes a mistake whether it's a stupid question or an unnecessarily long answer be kind about it．If it's a small mistake，you may not need to say anything．Even if you feel strongly about，think twice before saying anything．Having good manners yourself doesn't give you license to correct everyone else．（39）C．At the same time，if you find you are wrong be sure to correct yourself and apologize to those that you have offended．
（40）G．The exception is that you know the person very well，and you are both comfortable with sharing personal information．Otherwise don't．

A．But try not to do so．
B．Everyone was new to the network once．
C．If you decide to tell someone about a mistake，point it out politely．
D．Some people speaking rudely or making mistakes online is natural and common．
E．The basic rule is simple：treat others in the same way you would want to be treated．
F．If you want to send short messages to others online，be sure to say something polite first．
G．It is not good manners to ask others personal questions or inquire about their private affairs．

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