14．Dujiangyan is the oldest man-made water system in the world，and a wonder m the development of Chinese science．Built over 2，200 years ago in what is now Sichuan Province in Southwest China，this amazing engineering achievement is still used today to irrigate over 6，000 square kilometres of farmland，take away floodwater and provide water for 50cities m the province．
In ancient times，the region in which Dujiangyan now stands suffered from regular floods caused by overflow from the Minjiang River．To help the victims of the flooding，Li Bing，the region's governor，together with his son，decided to find a solution．They studied the problem and discovered that the river most often overflowed when winter snow at the top of the nearby Mount Yulei began to melt as the weather warmed．
The simplest fix was to build a dam，but this would have ruined the Minjiang River．So instead Li designed a series of channels built at different levels along Mount Yulei that would take away the floodwater while leaving the river flowing naturally．Better still，the extra water could be directed to the dry Chengdu Plain，making it suitable for farming．
Cutting the channels through the hard rock of Mount Yulei was a remarkable accomplishment as it was done long before the invention gunpowder and explosives．£1Bing found another solution．He used a combination of fire and water to heat and cool the rocks until they cracked and could be removed．After eight years of work，the 20-metre-wide canals had been carved through the mountain．
Once the system was finished，no more floods occurred and the people were able to live peacefully and affluently．Today，Dujiangyan is admired by scientists from around the world because of one feature．Unlike modem dams where the water is blocked with a huge wall，Dujiangyan still lets water flow through the Minjiang River naturally，enabling ecosystems and fish populations to exist in harmony．

24．What are the benefits of Dujiangyan according to the first paragraph？A
A．Reducing flooding and watering farmland．
B．Protecting the mountain and reducing flooding．
C．Watering farmland and improving water quality．
D．Drying the river and supplying cities with water．
25．What was the main cause of the Minjiang Rivers flooding？B
A．Heavy rains．B．Melting snow．
C．Low river banks．D．Steep mountains．
26．How was Li Bing able to break through the rocks of Mount Yulei？C
A．By using gunpowder．
B．By flooding the rocks with water．
C．By applying a heating and cooling technique．
D．By breaking the rocks with hammers and spades．
27．Why is Dujiangyan greatly admired by scientists today？A
A．It preserves much of the natural river life．
B．It took very little time to complete the project．
C．The building techniques used were very modem．
D．It has raised the living standards of the local people．
13．Black Friday is the day after Thanksgiving Day in the USA，falling on the Friday after the fourth Thursday in November．
  （36）A  
Many people have a day off work or choose to take a day from their annual leave on Black Friday．Some people use this to make trips to see family members or friends who live in other areas or to go on vacation．Shopping for Christmas presents is popular on Black Friday．Many stores have special offers and lower their prices on some goods，such as toys．
Public life
  （37）G．Many people take a day off on the day after Thanksgiving Day．Many organizations also close for the Thanksgiving weekend．
Public transit systems may run on their normal schedule or may have changes．Some stores extend their opening hours on Black Friday．（38）E．
Background
Black Friday，the day after Thanksgiving Day，is one of the busiest shopping days in the USA．（39）F．One theory is that the wheels of vehicles in heavy traffic on the day after Thanksgiving Day left many black marking on the road surface，leading to the term"Black Friday"．
The other theory is that the term"Black Friday"comes from an old way of recording business accounts．（40）C．Many businesses，particularly small businesses，started making profits before Christmas．Many hoped to start showing a profit，marked in black ink，on the day after Thanksgiving Day．
More recently，Black Friday has been exported to nations outside of North America such as the United Kingdom by major online retailers like Amazon or Apple．In 2011，IBM reported online Black Friday sales were up by 24.3%，according to a study that includes 500 retailers．

A．People's activities．
B．History of Black Friday．
C．Losses were recorded in red ink and profits in black ink．
D．A．busy shopping day is a holiday in some states．
E．There can also be jams on roads to popular shopping destinations．
F．There are two popular theories as to why it is called Black Friday．
G．Black Friday is not a federal holiday but a public one in some states．
12．When others get off the train to finally go home，Leonie Muller slays behind．That's because she is already home：The train is her apartment，and she says she likes it that way．The German college student gave up her apartment in spring．"It all started with an argument I had with my landlord，"Muller told The Washington Post via e-mail．"I immediately decided I want to live there anymore and then I realized：Actually，I didn't want to live anywhere anymore．"
Instead，she bought a subscription （会员费） that allows her to board every train in the country for free．Now，Muller washes her hair in the train bathroom and writes her college papers while traveling at a speed of up to 190mph．She says that she enjoys the freedom since she gave up her apartment．"I really feel at home on trains．It's like being on vacation all the time，"Muller said．
"I want to inspire people to question their habits and the things they consider to be normal，"Muller told The Post．"There are always more opportunities than one thinks there are．The next adventure is waiting just around the comer-provided that you want to find it．"
Muller frequently travels late at night，although she tries to sleep at the apartments of relatives or friends．Often，she is accommodated by her boyfriend，her mother or grandmother．"Normally，we would have to have a long-distance relationship，but living on a train enables me to see him all the time，"Muller told German TV station SWR regarding her boyfriend．"Most of ray friends really like the idea，although some consider it to be quite adventurous．Others，however，have reacted more negatively．They feel offended by the fact that I question the ordinary way of life and living．"
The only problem？"Possessing a headset that reduces most surrounding noises is important，"she said．

28．What do we know about the direct reason for Muller s choice to live on trains？A
A．She had an argument with her landlord．
B．She wanted to visit more people on the way．
C．She had to finish her graduate paper on the topic．
D．She planned to act against tradition．
29．According to Muller，which is one of the advantages of living on trains？D
A．She can have more holidays．
B．She can escape from college life．
C．She can possess a headset．
D．She can see her boyfriend more often．
30．What does Muller want to express in Paragraph 3？C
A．There are opportunities everywhere in life．
B．The next adventure is coming soon．
C．People need to make changes in their life．
D．People need to follow in her footsteps to live on trains．
31．What does the underlined word"it"in Paragraph 4refer to？B
A．The ordinary way of life and living．
B．The thought of living on a train．
C．German TV station SWR．
D．A long-distance relationship．
11．阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．
    About 10 years ago I was having my annual party and my niece came to see me．As she（41）B around the room，she noted that my employees seemed happy．Then，I asked her how she thought I did that．"I'm sure you treat them（42）A，"she replied．"That's half of it，"I said．"Do you know（43）C the other half is？"
    She didn't have the answer．So what's the answer？I（44）D  the unhappy people．People laugh at this point．I wish I were （45）B．I'm not．I have learned that as a manager you cannot make everyone  happy．Good （46）C  requires  training，communicating and patience．
    Don't（47）D me wrong．This doesn't happen a lot．There's no joy in the （48）C  of firing someone．And it's not always the employee's（49）D-there are many bad bosses out there．And not all employees（50）A your company．I don't have a Ph．D．，an MBA，or even an economics degree．What I do have is a （51）C  company．Now I know some people argue that a business is （52）D  making money，and not everyone has to be happy．When you（53）C a company，you have the right to（54）D  yourself with the people you choose．
    I have a good day today．Not（55）B I've got a big order or great （56）D reports．I have wonderful people working for me．They care．They are committed（尽心尽力的）．（57）A，they understand the whole customer-staff-company triangle，where all of the aspects （58）A   each other．When you have the right people，business is much （59）B．I know because I have （60）A  it．
41．A．showedB．lookedC．turnedD．came
42．A．nicelyB．firmlyC．strictlyD．seriously
43．A．whichB．thatC．whatD．who
44．A．trickB．hireC．dislikeD．fire
45．A．cryingB．jokingC．cheatingD．regretting
46．A．assessmentB．agreementC．managementD．employment
47．A．bringB．thinkC．treatD．get
48．A．wayB．chanceC．actD．form
49．A．decisionB．failureC．fortuneD．fault
50．A．fitB．believeC．chooseD．understand
51．A．funnyB．busyC．happyD．large
52．A．withB．beyondC．intoD．about
53．A．leaveB．joinC．ownD．share
54．A．relaxB．helpC．amazeD．surround
55．A．untilB．becauseC．afterD．that
56．A．physicalB．medicalC．politicalD．financial
57．A．BesidesB．HoweverC．OtherwiseD．Therefore
58．A．supportB．fightC．holdD．hurt
59．A．busierB．easierC．saferD．higher
60．A．madeB．forgottenC．gotD．put
10．Food production does great harm to our environment．There are many procedures involved in the manufacture of food that result in greenhouse gases and other pollutants．Some procedures require the consumption of large amounts of fossil fuels，such as the transportation and storage of food products．Other factors that cause great damage to our environment include the overuse of fresh water．
    The production of beef is more damaging to the environment than that of any other food we consume，Raising large numbers of cattle requires the production of large amounts of food for the animals．It's estimated that producing one pound of beef requires seven pounds of feed．
    Land use is also a problem．If the cattle are free-range cattle，large areas of land are required for them to live on．This has led to disastrous forest cutting and the loss of rare plants and animal species，particularly in tropical rain forests in Central and South America．
    Another problem specific to beef production is methane emissions（甲烷排放）．Although many people are aware of the damaging effects of carbon dioxide，they don't realize methane's global warming potential is 25times worse，making it a more dire problem．
    Unfortunately，beef consumption is growing rapidly．This is the result of simple supply and demand factors．Specifically，there are two main causes of demand that are encouraging the production of more supply．First，the increase in the world population means there are more people to consume meat．The second factor is socioeconomic advancement．As citizens in developing nations become financially stable，they can afford to buy more meat．
    Therefore，one way to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions is for people around the world to significantly cut down on the amount of beef they eat．

32．Which of the following is TRUE？C
A．Raising free-range cattle is eco-friendly．
B．People cut down trees for animal habitats．
C．Producing beef can damage the environment．
D．Carbon dioxide causes far more harm than methane．
33．The underlined word"dire"in Para.4 meansA．
A．urgent  B．common  C．typical  D．avoidable
34．Beef production is growing rapidly becauseA．
A．more people are in demand of beef
B．developing countries raise more cattle
C．more land is available to raise cattle
D．the cost of raising cattle is relatively low
35．The author writes this article toD．
A．describe the booming of the beef production
B．emphasize the advantages of beef production
C．condemn the deforestation of the rain forest
D．argue for a decrease in beef consumption．
9．Life in the Internet age is lonely-or is it？That's what experts in human interaction are debating after a new Stanford University survey has been published．
    According to the study，the more time people spend online，the less they can spare for real-life relationships with family and friends．The researchers asked 113 people about the Web's influence on daily activities.36% of those people are online for more than five hours a week．"As Internet use becomes more widespread，it will have an increasingly isolating （孤立的） effect on society，"says Robert Kraut，one of the researchers．
    Scholars and Web lovers criticized the study for stretching its data to make the"isolating"point．While 13% of regular Web users admitted the loss of time with loved ones，60% reported watching less TV．The survey also shows that E-mail is the most popular online activity，If some of webheads （网虫）spend what was once passive TV time keeping company with friends via E-mails，"that's a move toward greater connectedness，"says Paul Resnick，a professor at the University of Michigan．
This isn't the first claim that the Web should be criticized，A 1998 report monitored 73Pittsburgh-area families'Net use for a year．People who used the Internet more"talked less to family members and reported being lonelier and more depressed．"says Robert Kraut．
"It's true that there have been big declines in social connectedness over the past decades，but those declines began before the Internet was invented，"says Thomas Putnam．
    As Amitay Etzioni says，the Internet gives us a different kind of social life-not better or worse than before，but just different．

28．Who claimed that the Web had negative influence？A
A．Robert Kraut．B．Paul Resnick．C．Thomas Putnam．D．Amitay Etzioni．
29．The underlined word"This"in Para.4 refers toA．
A．the study conducted by Stanford University
B．the survey made by the University of Michigan
C．the conclusion in a report written in 1998
D．the opinion expressed in Bowling Alone
30．From the passage we learn thatC．
A．watching TV used to take time away from staying online
B.36% of web users spend more than five hours a week online
C．the Web was blamed more than once for causing an isolating effect
D．the Web has the same influence as telephones and televisions
31．The passage mainly discussesB．
A．how we can make a better use of the Internet
B．whether the Internet causes an isolating effect
C．how declines in social connectedness appear
D．what a different life the Internet brings to us．
8．假定你是李华，你的美国笔友来信说他的兄弟Tom下学期将来中国留学，希望在中国留学期间找一个寄宿家庭．请你写一封信，邀请Tom到你家居住，并说明理由．
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯．
Dear Tom，
　I'm delighted that you will come to China as an exchange student next term．Knowing that you are looking for a host family，I hope I can have this honor．
　 I have been learning English for about six years，so I can communicate with people in fluent English．Besides，I'm outgoing and warm-hearted．I like making friends and helping others．We have a large house，where you will live comfortably．What's more，my parents are both Chinese teachers，which can benefit you a lot in learning Chinese．
Looking forward to your early reply．

　 　 Yours，
Li Hua．
7．短文改错
    假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文．文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处．错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改．
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词．
删除：把多余的词用（\）划掉．
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词．
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分．
I have learnt so much things from my parents．They show me when to be a tolerant（宽容）person．When children make mistakes，most parents who are hard with their kids will be very angry．They say some hurting words，making their children to feel sad．Besides，my parents are different from them．
Every time I make mistakes，my parents prefer to educate me in a gently way．I'm so grateful to my parents all that they have done．Being tolerant of other people's mistakes are the best way to solve problems．Your kind act will be greatly appreciating．Be tolerant of other so that they will be tolerant in turn．
6．When I saw my 10-year-old avoiding the dirty plate in the sink or my 8-year-old feeling uncomfortable about the wet sand in her hands，I'm reminded of a time when I was unwilling to get my hands a little dirty．
    My parents owned a 500-acre farm in Montana to raise animals，such as cows，sheep，horses and so on．It was during the time of new life （a newborn lamb or a calf） that my favorite childhood memory took place．One exceptionally cold day，I was checking on the sheep with my mother when she spied a ewe （母羊） in trouble．The poor thing was trying to deliver her baby lamb and needed our help．My mother calmly held the ewe's head and instructed me to grab hold of the two protruding（突出）legs．
    I hesitated，and must have had quite a look of panic on my young face．The slimy little things were definitely not something I wanted to touch．But I worked up my courage and wrapped my fingers around them．I can still recall the feel of unexpectedly weak legs and their sharp little hooves as if it happened yesterday．
    My heart pounded in fear and excitement as I pulled with all my strength．The lamb was delivered safely，and I'd never seen anything so beautiful．
    I was no stranger to seeing farm animals being born，but to have a hand in it was something I treasured then and will treasure forever．I remember feeling excited with delight to see"my lamb"being licked clean by her mother，and I'm sure everyone got very tired of hearing me tell and retell my heroic story．Looking back，I'm so glad that I didn't refuse to get my hands dirty．If I had，the wonderful moment and the precious memory would have been lost．

24．What impressed the writer most during her childhood？C
A．Her dirty little hands．
B．Her parents'large farm．
C．Helping deliver a baby lamb．
D．Raising animals on the farm．
25．How did the author feel when she was asked to help a ewe deliver her baby？B
A．Some sympathy．
B．Rather frightened．
C．Quite astonished．
D．Highly delighted．
26．What point does the author try to make in the last paragraph？D
A．It is not unusual to see a new life coming into the world．
B．It is not easy to make up and tell a heroic story in daily life．
C．Memories formed during childhood are worth valuing all life long．
D．You need to get your hands dirty to experience something precious．
27．What could be the best title for the passage？A
A．A Valuable Life Lesson           
B．A Tidy and Clean Child
C．A Ewe Delivering her Baby        
D．A Beautiful Newborn Lamb．
5．假定你是高三学生王明．你的网友Susan给你写信，想要了解你近期的学习和生活计划．现根据如下内容给他写一封信：
1．学好英语并提高学习成绩；
2．每天抽时间进行体育锻炼；
3．周日去看望爷爷奶奶．
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数．
Dear Susan，
I'm glad to hear from you．You want to know my plans in recent periods．In fact，my life is very simple，but rich．The detailed plans are as follows：
First，I plan to learn English well and improve my grades．To improve my English，I will read books in English and speak more．Second，as an old saying goes，life is exercise and the first wealth is health．Thus，I am going to spend at least half an hour everyday in taking exercise to keep my health．At last，I intend to visit my grandparents every Sunday and help them do housework．
Yours sincerely，
Wang Ming．
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