15．As the population of the planet increases.so does the number of homes.businesses.parking lots.sch——青夏教育精英家教网—

15．As the population of the planet increases，so does the number of homes，businesses，parking lots，schools，airports and roadways．All these structures use electricity and need to be lighted．Humans demand these lights．They want their homes more comfortable and they want their streets safe．The problem is that researchers are finding that all the light is having a negative effect on humans and wildlife as well．
Less than 10years ago I drove to a thinly populated section of my town，lay down in the middle of the road and watched an attractive meteor shower （流星雨）．The area was short of homes，street lights and traffic．If I did that today，I wouldn't be able to see the meteor shower as well．Due to the increase in street lights，I would surely be run over by a car．
Nowadays scientists are finding light pollution can be almost as bad as carbon dioxide pollution．If you've ever taken a flight at night，the view is beautiful，but you must remember that all the light you see wastes electricity．The crew of the space shuttles see an even bigger picture of how extensive the wasted electricity is worldwide．
One of the saddest parts of light pollution is that most of it is unnecessary and most of the outdoor light that we use is wasted．One only needs to look at a row of street lights to see how much of the light shines upwards and lights the sky：a total waste of electricity．
Besides，somewhere electricity needs to be produced，and the production of electricity creates pollution by releasing greenhouse gases．This affects the air we breathe and our quality of life．
Scientists are also studying the effects of light pollution on wildlife．Thousands of birds die each year when they crash into highly lighted buildings，as they become puzzled by the light．It has been long known that tiny baby sea turtles become lost and follow lights on the shore instead of heading towards the sea．
Fortunately，light pollution is one of the easiest sources of pollution that can be corrected without a negative effect．Following some guidelines and a little searching on Google can give you many ideas on how to reduce your contribution to light pollution．

32．It is implied in Paragraph 3that the best way to deal with light pollution isB．
A．reducing the output of the lights
B．avoiding the use of unnecessary lighting
C．educating people about light pollution
D．inventing environmentally-friendly lights
33．Which of the following is the effect of light pollution？C
A．Many animals species have died out．
B．More traffic accidents happen every day．
C．The air we breathe may be polluted．
D．It is much easier for us to watch meteor showers．
34．What can be inferred from the text？D
A．We are almost at a loss how to deal with light pollution．
B．Global warming results in light pollution in some way．
C．Astronauts can't see clearly in space nowadays．
D．Some animals use natural light to direct their movements．
35．What will probably be provided following the last paragraph？B
A．Helpful tips for surfing the Internet．
B．approaches to decreasing light pollution．
C．Benefits of searching on Google．
D．More bad effects of light pollution．

14．One day，little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent．It was very crowded．Tony saw a toy on a shop window．He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop．After looks at the toy for some time，he turned around and found where his parents were missing．Tony was scared and begun to cry．A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop．Five minutes later，Tony saw parents．Mom said，"How nice to see you again!Dad and I were terrible worried．"Tony promised her that this would never happen again．

13．Improve your memory
Some people often complain about their poor memory．Actually there are several ways to keep your memory sharp．This article will show you some simple tips．
（36）CWhen you say these things，you begin to plant the thought in your mind and it may become true．Tell yourself you can remember anything as long as you put your mind to the task．You will see an improvement in your memory．
（37）AIf you have trouble remembering phone numbers or other blocks of numbers，it can be really helpful to try this method．If you remember them in smaller groups，like two or three digits （数字），it will also be much easier to remember the numbers．
Be sure to see a doctor if you are really losing your memory．A poor memory can be a sign that you are in low spirits．（38）F
Playing games also helps improve your memory．Any type of games that involves（涉及） remembering things is wonderful．（39）DTry and remember it when you have nothing better to do．A useful tip for anyone interested in games is to often work on solving word puzzles and similar types of games．（40）GNot only will your memory probably improve，but you will also have a great deal of fun．

A．Remember numbers in small groups．
B．Take a right attitude．
C．Stop telling yourself you have a weak memory．
D．If you don't like games，you can go over a list of"to do things"．
E．If you don't know your condition，you cannot treat it!
F．If so，treating it could be the key to getting your memory back．
G．Such games use the same skills needed to remember facts and help keep the mind sharp．

12．There was a gardener who looked after his garden with great care．To water his flowers，he used two buckets（水桶）．One was a shiny and new bucket．The other was a very old and dilapidated one，which had seen many years of service，but was now past its best．
Every morning，the gardener would fill up the two buckets．Then he would carry them along the path，one on each side，to the flowerbeds．The new bucket was very proud of itself．It could carry a full bucket of water without a single drop spilled （溢出）．The old bucket felt very ashamed because of its holes：before it reached the flowerbeds，much water had leaked （漏出） along the path．
Sometimes the new bucket would say，"See how capable I am!How good it is that the gardener has me to water the flowers every day!I don't know why he still bothers with you．What a waste of space you are!"
And all that the old bucket could say was．"I know I am not very useful，but I can only do my best．I am happy that the gardener still finds a little bit of use in me，at least．"
One day，the gardener heard that kind of conversation．After watering the flowers as usual，he said，"You both have done your work very well．Now I am going to carry you back．I want you to look carefully along the path．"
Then the two buckets did so．All along the path，they noticed，on the side where the new bucket was carried，there was just bare（光秃秃的）earth； on the other side where the old bucket was carried，there was a joyous row of wild flowers，leading all the way to the garden．

32．What was the old bucket ashamed of？D
A．His past．    B．His aging．
C．His manner． D．His leaking．
33．What does the underlined word"dilapidated"probably mean？C
A．dirty              B．dark
C．worn-out           D．ordinary-looking．
34．The new bucket made conversations with the old one mainly toB．
A．take pity on the old one
B．laugh at the old one
C．show off its beautiful looks
D．praise the gardener's kindness
35．Why was the old bucket still kept by the gardener？C
A．Because it was used to keep a balance
B．Because it stayed in its best condition
C．Because it had its own function
D．Because it was taken as a treasure．

11．When Julio Diaz stepped off the subway after work one night，he was simply planning to go to his favorite local diner for a meal．But when a teenage boy approached him with a knife，Diaz knew the evening was about to take a more dramatic（巨大而突然的） turn．
The young man demanded Diaz's wallet，and Diaz passed it over without objection（异议）．But just as he turned to walk away，Diaz called，"Hey，wait a minute．You forgot something．"
The young man turned around，surprised．
"If you're going to rob people for the rest of the night，you might as well take my coat to keep warm．"
The teenager looked at Diaz in disbelief，and asked why he would do such a thing．Diaz replied，"If you're willing to risk your freedom for a few dollars，I guess you must really need the money．"He said he was heading out for dinner，and that he would be happy to take someone with him．
The young man decided to take Diaz on his offer．As they were sitting at the table，the manager，dishwashers and waiters all stopped over to say hello to Diaz，and the young man was amazed at his popularity．
"Haven't you been taught that you should be nice to everybody？"Diaz asked him．
"Yeah，but I didn't think people actually behaved that way，"the teenager replied．Thanks to Diaz，he was beginning to see that kindness wasn't so strange，after all．
When the bill came，Diaz told the teen that he'd have to get the check．After all，he still had Diaz's wallet．
But the teenager put the wallet on the table without a moment's thought，and Diaz treated him to dinner．Diaz also gave the would-be robber a﹩20bill-in exchange for his knife．"I figure，you know，if you treat people right，you can only hope that they treat you right，"Diaz said．

24．The young man felt surprised when DiazA．
A．called him to wait for a moment
B．passed the wallet over without objection
C．stepped off the subway platform
D．invited him to have dinner together
25．The underlined part"take Diaz up on"can be replaced by"C"．
A．follow      B．understand          C．accept          D．check
26．The teenager gave the wallet back to Diaz maybe becauseD．
A．Diaz was so popular with people in the restaurant
B．he had been given a﹩20 bill to take with him
C．Diaz had to pay for the meal they had together
D．he began to realize people should be nice to others
27．Diaz possibly feltBduring the whole night．
A．worried and helpless        B．relaxed and happy
C．angry and scared            D．surprised and anxious．

10．Are you truly happy？Do you ever know what it means to be happy and what it takes to achieve happiness？（31）D．The following are a few tips that I follow to create happiness in my life．
Make a plan for attaining goals that you believe will make you happy．Your moods will very likely increase if you are going after something you value．
Surround yourself with happy people．It is easy to begin to think negatively when you are surrounded by people who think that way．（32）B
When something goes wrong，try to figure out a solution instead of being absorbed in self pity．Truly happy people don't allow setbacks to affect their mood because they know that with a little thought they can turn the circumstances back to their favor．
（33）E．These few minutes will give you the opportunity to focus on the positive things in your life and will lead you to continuous happiness．
（34）G．Whether you treat yourself to lunch，take a long，relaxing bath or simply spend a few extra minutes on your appearance，you will be subconsciously （下意识地） putting yourself in a better mood．
Finding the humor in situations can also lead to happiness．Find a way to make light of a situation that would otherwise make you happy．
Keeping healthy is another way to achieve happiness．（35）C

A．What makes one person happy may be very different from what makes someone else happy．
B．On the contrary，if you are around people who are happy，their emotional state will be influenced．
C．Being overweight or not eating nutritious foods can have a negative effect on your mood．
D．These are important questions for anyone who is seeking happiness to ask themselves．
E．Spend a few minutes each day thinking about the things that make you happy．
F．There are some tips in life that lead to happiness．
G．It's also important to take some time each day to do something nice for yourself．

9．Holding a cell phone against your ear or storing it in your pocket may be dangerous to your health．This explains a warning that cell phone manufacturers include in the small print that is often ignored when a new phone is purchased．Apple，for example，doesn't want iPhones to come closer to you than 1.5centimeters； Research In Motion，BlackBerry's manufacturer，recommends 2.5centimeters．
If health issues arise from cell phone use，the possible effects are huge．Voice calls-Americans chat on cell phones 2.26trillion（万亿）minutes annually-earn $109billion for the wireless carriers．
Devra Davis，an expert who has worked for the University of Pittsburgh，has published a book about cell phone radiation，"Disconnect．"The book surveys scientific research and concludes the question is not settled．
Brain cancer is a concern that Ms．Davis examines．Over all，there has not been an increase in its incidence since cell phones arrived．But the average masks an increase in brain cancer in the 20-to-29age group and a drop for the older population．
"Most cancers have multiple causes，"she says，but she points to laboratory research that suggests low-energy radiation could damage cells that could possibly lead to cancer．
Children are more vulnerable（易受伤的）to radiation than adults，Ms．Davis and other scientists point out．Radiation that penetrates only five centimeters into the brain of an adult will reach much deeper into the brains of children because their skulls are thinner and their brains contain more absorptive fluid（易吸收的液体）．No studies have yet been completed on cell phone radiation and children，she says．
Henry Lai，a research professor in the bioengineering department at the University of Washington，began laboratory radiation studies in 1980and found that rats exposed to radiation had damaged DNA in their brains．
Ms．Davis recommends using wired headsets or the phone's speaker．Children should text rather than call，she said，and pregnant women should keep phones away from the abdomen（腹部）．

24．According to Ms Davis，brain cancer increaseC．
A．among children B．among old people
C．in the twenties D．among pregnant women
25．Why do children easily be affected by radiation？D
A．Because they haven't grown up．
D．Because their skulls are thinner and their brains are easily hurt．
C．Because they use cell phones more often than adults．
B．Because they are too young to protect themselves．
26．What can we conclude from the last paragraph？B
A．Pregnant women should keep cell phones away．
B．People should use cell phones in the correct way．
D．When you use a cell phone，use a wired headset or the phone's speaker．
C．If you are a child，you'd better text than make phone calls．
27．What does the passage mainly talk about？A
A．Be careful when using cell phones．
D．Low-energy radiation could damage cells that could lead to cancer．
C．Rats exposed to radiation have damaged DNA in their brains．
B．Don't hold your cell phone against your ear．

8．The boy ________ himself Mr Football is a freshman of a famous university．（　　）

7．Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways．The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society．There are more ideas，more disagreements in interest，and more groups and organizations with different beliefs．In addition，there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies．All these factors （因素）tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision．In a society where people are similar in many ways，there are fewer situations for people to see the need or the chance for change because everything seems to be the same．And although conditions may not be satisfactory，they are at least customary and clear．
Within a society，social change is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material aspects，for example，in technology rather than in values； in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early； in the simple elements（要素）rather than in the complex ones； and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange ones．
Besides，social change is easier if it is gradual．For example，it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with a sharp division．This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities，because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white fellows．

24．The underlined part"greater tolerance"in Paragraph 1probably refers to"C"．
A．quicker adaptation to changing conditions
B．greater willingness to accept social change
C．more respect for different beliefs and behavior
D．greater readiness to agree to different conditions
25．Why is social change less likely to occur in a society where people are similar in many ways？C
A．They are so conservative that they tend to slow down social change．
B．They can easily get what they want in the material aspect of society．
C．They are so used to their conditions that they seldom want to change．
D．They have similar needs that can be satisfied without much difficulty．
26．Which of the following factors probably tends to promote social change fast？A
A．Different points of view．
B．Traditional values．
C．Sharp divisions in relations．
D．Similar appearances．
27．What is this passage mainly discussing？D
A．Two different kinds of society．
B．Consequences of social change．
C．The importance of social change．
D．Certain factors affecting social change．

6．We Chinese are not big huggers．A handshake or a pat on the shoulder is enough to convey our friendship or affection to one another．So when our newly-acquainted Western friends reach out to give us a hug，some of us feel awkward．Many questions go through our head．Where should I put my arms？What distance should I maintain？Should our chests touch？
But it isn't just people from cultures that are conservative in expressing physical contact who find hugging confusing．Hugs can cause discomfort or even distress in people who value their personal space．
In a recent article for The Wall Street Journal，US psychologist Peggy Drexler said that although the US remains a"medium touch"culture，Americans do seem to be hugging more．From politicians to celebrities，hugs are given to friends，strangers and enemies alike，whether they are willing or not；and the public has been quick to pick up the practice．
Public figures know that nothing expresses fellowship or affection like a good hug．US First Lady Michelle Obama has put her arms around icy foreign leaders like Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev and the Queen of England．Pop superstar Lady Gaga is also a hug enthusiast，telling her fans that"I will always，always，try my very best to wrap my arms around you when I meet you．"
But not all are grateful to be hugged，even by the most influential and famous．To them，any hug is offensive if it's not sincere．Amanda Hess，writing for US magazine Slate，says public figures should stop imposing hugs on everyone they meet．For them，a hug is rarely a gesture of sincere fellowship，or affection．It's all part of a show．

28．Chinese people don't enjoy hugs becauseA．
A．they are conservative in physical touch
B．they don't know how to hug correctly
C．they think a handshake is the best way to convey friendship
D．they feel awkward to communicate with westerners
29．Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined phrase"pick up the practice"？B
A．Enjoy the medium touch culture．      B．Follow the trend．
C．Give hugs to enemies．               D．Resist physical touch．
30．Public figures like giving hugs toD．
A．thank public people                  B．show sincere friendship
C．express enthusiasm                   D．win fellowship or affection
31．What can we learn from the last paragraph？D
A．People are grateful to hugs of any kind    B．A hug is a gesture of friendship．
C．A famous person's hug is usually sincere  D．An insincere hug is a part of show．

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