8．Fighting racial stereotypeson US campuses often begins by putting students of different ethnic bac——青夏教育精英家教网—

8．Fighting racial stereotypes（模式化）on US campuses often begins by putting students of different ethnic backgrounds together-under one dormitory roof．
Sam Boakye was a freshman at Ohio State University and the only black student on his floor．He was determined to get good grades-in part to make sure his white roommate had no basis for negative racial views．"You're pushed to do better，to challenge the stereotype that black people are not that smart，"he told the New York Times．
Several recent studies have found that having a roommate of a different race can reduce prejudice（偏见），diversify（使多样化）friendships and even promote students'academic performance．In a study by Ohio State psychology professor Russell Fazio，black freshmen who came to college with high test scores earned better grades if they had a white roommate-even if the roommate's test scores were low．Another study on student interaction by Duke University suggests that freshmen with roommates of a different race were the most likely to diversify their friendships．"Just having diversity in classrooms doesn't do anything to increase interracial friendships，"said Claudia Buchman，an author of the Duke study．"But living together with a different-race roommate does lead to more interracial friendships．"
There are，however，some problems with such room assignments．Fazio's study found that three times as many randomly（随机地） assigned interracial roommates weren't living together at the end of the semester，compared with white roommates．Interracial roommates also spent less time together，had fewer joint activities and were less involved with each other's friends than white pairs．
As for Boakye，this is not the case．"A lot of white students come without much exposure（暴露）to diversity，so when their first interaction with a black guy isn't bad，they will make more black friends．I think I made a good impression on my freshman roommate．I saw him this year，and he said，‘Hey dude，you're not the only black friend I have．'That felt good．"

8．Having a roommate of a different race can have the following benefits EXCEPTD．
A．making more friends B．reducing prejudice
C．earning better grades D．improving physical health
9．Sam Boakye was determined to get good grades partly becauseD．
A．he wanted to prove he was a smart boy
B．he intended to please his parents
C．he wished to earn the scholarship
D．he wanted to show black people are as smart as white people
10．We can conclude that BoakyeA．
A．got along well with his white roommate
B．shared fewer joint activities with his white roommate
C．had a negative attitude towards his white roommate
D．is still living together with his freshman white roommate
11．The 4th paragraph is mainly aboutB．
A．the interracial friendship
B．some problems with having an interracial roommate
C．some comments on the interracial roommates
D．the interaction between the black student and the white student．

7．A mother's love
I'M a New York City firefighter．Every day，I see terror-sometimes even death．But the day I found Scarlett was different．That day I saw life．And love．
We were responding to a call about a burning garage．Outside，I heard the sound of cats crying．I couldn't stop-I would have to look for the cats after the fire was put out．
It took a long time to finally bring the big fire under control，but we did it．No one inside was hurt．
At that point I was free to investigate the cat noises．There was still a lot of smoke and heat coming from the building．I followed the meowing（猫叫） to a spot on the sidewalk near the front of the garage．There，crying and huddled（挤作一团） together，were five terrified kittens．They must have been inside the building，as their fur was badly singed（烫烧）．
I left the five kittens in a box on a neighbor's porch（门廊）．
I wanted to find the mother．It was obvious that she had gone into the burning garage and carried out all of her babies，one by one-unbelievable．
We finally found her．She was badly burnt：her eyes were blistered （起水泡），her paws（爪子） were blackened，and her fur was singed all over．You could even see her reddened skin beneath the burned fur．She could barely move．I picked her up，and she relaxed in my arms as much as her pain would allow．Sensing her trust，I shed a tear．I was determined to save this brave little cat and her family．
The vet told me they would observe the kittens and their mother overnight，but they weren't optimistic about the mother's changes．
About a week later，I found out she was going to live．One of the technicians suggested we name her Scarlett，because of her reddened skin．
Knowing what Scarlett endured（忍受） for her kittens，it melted my heart to see her reunited with them．She touched each of them again，nose to nose，to make sure they were all safe．She had risked her life five separate times-and it had paid off．All of her babies had survived．
As a firefighter，I see heroism（英雄事迹） every day．But what Scarlett showed me that day was the kind of bravery that can only come from a mother's love．

5．Which of the following is TRUE according to the article？C
A．The author went to rescue the cats as soon as he heard them crying．
B．The firefighters put out the big fire quickly and no one was hurt．
C．The mother cat moved all of her five babies to a safer place despite the fire．
D．The author didn't find the cats until the smoke and heat were gone．
6．Why was the author determined to save the cats？B
A．He refused to watch someone else die in his work．
B．He was impressed by the mother's strong love and courage．
C．The cat's story had made many people concerned．
D．It had taken much time and effort for him to save them．
7．Which best describes the author's tone in the article？B
A．Objective
B．Admiring．
C．Excited．
D．Optimistic．

6．Marlene Dietrich is finally to be honored by her home city，Berlin．
For more than half a century，the famous film star won huge fame in Hollywood，but remained a highly controversial（引起争议的）figure in Germany．
When the city's new film museum is opened on September 26，three of its 15rooms will show the star's possessions collected over a lifetime．
In addition to various collections by Marlene，visitors will be able to see all Marlene Dietrich's movies．There will also be key except for a vast range of Germany-made films．
Dietrich became a world star after her wonderful performance in a movie．After that，she turned her back on Germany，horrified by the sudden movement of Nazi in her hometown．
A few years after the war，the star was persuaded to pay a short visit to Berlin．But the trip proved a disaster．At a city hall gathering in West Berlin，crowds turned out to see her，but not all friendly．
She was attacked at times．She found herself being blamed for wearing an American uniform during the war to please U．S．troops in Europe．She was also scolded for"turning her back on the country"．
Dietrich，deeply hurt，decided she would never return to Berlin again．But she softened her judgment．
When she died in Paris in 1972，it was at her express wish that her body should be sent back to Berlin for burial alongside her mother in a local cemetery．

1．From the second paragraph，we can get to know thatD．
A．Germans were narrowed-minded
B．Germans were difficult to get along with
C．all Germans admired Dietrich
D．some Germans disliked Dietrich
2．The underlined sentence"she turned her back on Germany"（in paragraph 5）meansB．
A．Dietrich looked down upon her country
B．Dietrich turned away from her country
C．Dietrich gave up performance in her country
D．Dietrich lost her job in her country
3．According to the passage，which of the following is NOT true？D
A．Visitors can see various collections by Marlene in Berlin's new film museum．
B．Dietrich was a famous film star in Hollywood．
C．After the war，Dietrich paid a short visit to her country．
D．Wearing an Australian uniform during the war，Dietrich was regarded a betrayer（背叛者） to her country．
4．The famous film star，as a whole，C．
A．hated her country because she was once scolded for betraying Germany．
B．enjoyed her life in France
C．loved her country from her heart
D．felt satisfied with her performance．

5．假设你是学生李华，得知好朋友William在学习中感到压力很大，学习效果甚微，请你按照以下要点给他写一封电子邮件，帮助他放松身心，提高学习效率．
1．快乐学习，保持愉快的心情；
2．积极参加体育活动，听听歌曲音乐；
3．多与同学交流，互相鼓励．
注意：1．词数100左右，开头和结尾已经为你写好（不记入总词数），但不得抄入答题卡内．
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯．
Dear William，
Recently，I have heard that you feel stressed about study．I have a good mind to offer you some advice on how to study effectively．

Yours，
Li Hua．

4．第一节短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文．文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处．每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改．
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（

），并在其下面写出该加的词．
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉．
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词．
注意：1．每处错误及修改均仅限一词．
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分．
During my second month of nursing school，our professors gave us a quiz．I had smoothly finished the others'questions when I got stuck on the last one："What's the first name of the woman who clean the school？"I had seen，many times，the woman，tall and in her fifty，but how could I know her name？I handed in my paper，leave the last question blankly．After a class ended，one student asked for the answer for the question．The professor said，"As you know，that in your careers you will meet many people．You should respect them and care about them，even you just smile and say'hello'to them．

3．根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项．
Shoulder pain is common．The shoulder has the most range of movement of any part in the body．（36）E Furthermore，shoulder pain sometimes comes from other areas of the body．Here are some tips to help reduce shoulder pain．
（37）B  Often，the root cause of shoulder pain is simply your overdoing something．If your problem is work related，change to a different activity．If the shoulder pain is exercise-related，then you may be working out too aggressively or with bad form-turn to a personal trainer for help．
Ice your shoulder．The application of ice is useful for almost all acute Injuries．（38）F  Apply ice for 10-15minutes every hour，then reduce the frequency as the pain and swelling become less strong．
Do some light shoulder stretches（拉伸）．While standing or sitting，reach around the front of your body and seize the opposite elbow（肘）．（39）G  Reach behind your back towards your shoulder and hold it with your other hand．Slowly pull on the hand with the painful shoulder until you～eel a stretch．
See your doctor．If your shoulder pain is especially severe，and long-lasting，what else can you do？（40）A Your doctor will discuss a treatment plan according to your pain．

A．Seek medical help．
B．Rest your shoulder．
C．Build shoulder strength．
D．Consider surgery if necessary．
E．That's why it's so likely to suffer from injury．
F．The cold treatment works well when applied to the most painful shoulder．
G．Gently pull on the back of the elbow until you feel a stretch in the shoulder．

2．Lucy，whose skeleton（骨骼） was discovered in Ethiopia in 1974，died shortly after she：fell out of a tree．according to a new study published Monday in the British journal Nature．
For their research，Kappelman and Dr．Richard Ketcham used a CT scanner to create more than 35，000"slices"of Lucy's skeleton．Scientists named her Lucy from the Beatles song"Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds"，which was played at the camp the night of her discovery．
The following analysis of the slices showed sharp，clean breaks seen at the end of Lucy's right humerus （肱骨） are similar to bone breaks seen in victims of falls，
The researchers concluded that these and Other breaks in her skeleton show that Lucy，who is believed to have stood about 3feet 6inches and weighed about 60pounds，fell feet first and used her arms to support herself-but that the injury was too severe to have been survivable．
The researchers estimate that Lucy was going about 35miles an hour when she hit the ground after falling from a height of roughly 40feet，according to the statement．
That sounds plausible．But other scientists are doubtful．"There are countless explanations for bone breaks，"Dr，Donald C，Johanson，director of the Institute of Human Origins and one of the scientists who discovered Lucy，said，"The suggestion that she fell out of a tree is largely a just-so story and therefore unprovable．"
Johanson said it was more likely that Lucy's breaks occurred long after she died，saying that"elephant bones appear to have the same kind of breaks，It's unlikely they～ell out of a tree．
But the new research focused on"a small number of breaks"that are consistent with"high-energy bone-to-bone influences"and which differ from the sorts of breaks commonly seen in other collected bones．Kappelman responded in an email，"These appear to have occurred at or near the time of death．"

32．What can we know about Lucy from Kappelman and Dr．Richard Ketcham's research？D
A．She got her name from a song．
B．She had more than 35，000slices．
C．She couldn't use her arms properly．
D．She made an effort to save herself．
33．What does the underlined word"plausible"in Paragraph 6probably mean？A
A．Reasonable．
B．Creative．
C．Surprising．
D．Unbelievable．
34．Which of the following would Johanson probably agree？C
A．Elephants are unlikely to die from falling．
B．Lucy got breaks at or near the time of death．
C．Other reasons for the breaks should be considered．
D．Lucy's bone breaks differ from other bone breaks．
35．What conclusion can we draw from the passage？C
A．Lucy didn't die from falling out of a tree．
B．The newly published study was meaningless．
C．The argument on how Lucy died will continue．
D．Scientists will find another way to solve the problem．

1．Wouldn't it be wonderful to travel to a foreign country without having to worry about the headache of communicating in a different language？
In a recent Wall Street journal article，technology policy expert Alec Ross argued that，within a decade or so．We'll be able to communicate with one another via small earpieces with built-in microphones．That's because technological progress is extremely rapid．It-s only a matter of rime．Indeed，some parents are so convinced that this technology is imminent that they're wondering if their kids should even learn a second language．
It's true that an increase in the quantity and accuracy of the data loaded into computers Will make them cleverer at translating"No es bueno dormir mucho"as"1t's not good to sleep too much．"Replacing a word with its equivalent （同义词）  in the target language is actually the"easy part'of a translator's job．But even this seems to be a discouraging task for computers．
It''s so difficult for computers because translation doesn't-or shouldn't-involve simply translating words，sentences or paragraphs．Rather，it's about translating meaning．And in order to infer meaning from a specific expression，humans have to interpret a mass of information at the same time．
Think about all the related clues that go into understanding an expression：volume，gesture，situation，and even your culture．All are likely to convey as much meaning as the words you use．
Therefore，we should be very skeptical of a machine that is unable to interpret the world around us．If people from different cultures can offend each other without realizing it，how can we expect a machine to do better？Unless engineers actually find a way to breathe a soul into a computer，undoubtedly when it comes to conveying and interpreting meaning using a natural language，a machine will never fully take our place．

28．What does the underlined word"imminent  in Paragraph 2probably mean？B
A．Ready．
B．Approaching．
C．Helpful．
D．Advanced．
29．Why is it hard for computers to replace a word with its equivalent？B
A．Their data is not adequate enough．
B，The real meaning of words can vary．
C．Their accuracy needs big improvement．
D，A soul hasn't been breathed in them．
30．What view does the author hold about translation？A
A．Proper translation can be tough for humans．
B．Slight distinctions matter little in translation．
C．Some machines will interpret our world properly．
D Cultures deserve more attention than words used．
31．What is the best title for the text？D
A．An Expert's Precise Prediction
B．The Complexity of Translation
C-Who Will Be a Better Translator
D．Will Language Barrier Actually Fall．

20．I remember the first time I got on a horse．When I was a little boy aged two，my mom agreed to Let me take a short ride and that was it!From then on，I drove my parents crazy Begging for a horse．
When I was four，I had Mutism，in which children stop speaking in certain social situations．I went days，weeks months without a sound at school．At most，I might quietly whisper to a friend．I suffered silently through school until I was ten when a psychologist had an idea，He asked me what I wanted more than anything else in the
world．He explained I was going to be given an opportunity to work for that．And I was permitted to whisper the answer in my mother's ear，"A horse．"
I was to get a pony，but I had to Live up to my end of the bargain．I had a chart of weekly tasks I had to accomplish．I had to answer the phone five times per week，something I had never done before．I had to say one word to my teacher at school and the list went on．For a child with Mutism，saying one word to someone can be like climbing
Mount Qomolangma．I did everything that was asked of me and the day came，His name was Sequoia，whom I fell in love with immediately．When I was in Sequoia's presence，I forgot all about my problems and felt strong and secure．
I am a fully participating member of society these days．My horses and I made it through a master-s degree．I may have made it otherwise，but I'm not sure．I feel I owe my life to the horses and I try to give it back to them every day．They have given me the best gift I could ever imagine，my life．

25．What was the situation like when the author was four？D
A．He didn't say a word at all．
B．He learned how to ride a horse．
C．He found his classmates unfriendly．
D．He had difficulty in communicating．
26．What can we infer about the author from Paragraph 3？B
A．He completed some tasks easily，
B．He pushed himself extremely hard．
C．He fell in love with Sequoia gradually．
D．He found the psychologist's idea ineffective．
27．What is the author's purpose in writing the text？C
A．To share his unfortunate childhood．
B．To give tips on how to cure Mutism．
C．To show his deep gratefulness to horses．
D．To inspire kids struggling against Mutism．

19．短文改错
下面短文中有10处语言错误．请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词．
增加：在缺调处加一个漏字符号（∧）），并在其下面写上该加的词．
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉．
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词．
注意：（1）每处错误及其修改均仅限一词．
（2）只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分．
I'm a 17-year-old senior student from China．While surfed the Internet，I have found that your organization will hold a summer camp in Singapore．With greatly interest，I'd like to apply for them．I'm an outgoing girl who like communicating with others．I could speak English well．My written English is excellent，either．I wish to join in the activities．For one thing，I'm willing to introduce China to other students from all over world； for another，I expect to learn from more about other countries．In addition，I'd like to make friend．The chance is so precious as I'm really looking forward to your approval．

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