8．Pick up a pencil．Lift your foot．Raise your arm．These directions may sound simple.but many parts of——青夏教育精英家教网—

8．Pick up a pencil．Lift your foot．Raise your arm．These directions may sound simple，but many parts of your body must work together for you to make those movements．Your joints are parts of your body that help your bones move．With little effort，joints move bones in different directions．But some people's joints do not work well because of illness or injury．Their joints sometimes have to be replaced with artificial ones．
Joints look simple．You might think that scientists would have no trouble making artificial joints that work as well as real joints．After over a century of trying，scientists are just beginning to find ways of making artificial joints that work well．
What problems have to be solved in building an artificial joint？First，some joints have to be strong enough to support most of a person's weight．The first artificial hip-joint，built in 1891，failed because it could not hold up a person's weight．
Second，joints have to be flexible to allow movement in different directions．
Third，joints must be made of materials that the body will not reject．Usually，the body reacts to foreign substances by producing cells that attack and destroy the substances．To the body an artificial joint is a foreign substance that should be destroyed．
Scientists have finally found ways to solve these problems．Nowadays the artificial knee-joint is made of a special metal and plastic．The metal is a combination of silicon （硅） and stainless steel．The metal is strong，so it can support the weight of the body．The plastic is a flexible material．It allows the joint to move easily．Medicines have been discovered that will prevent the body from rejecting the artificial joint．People who have lost the use of a joint can get an artificial joint that works almost as well as the original one．
81．Which parts of our body help our bones move？（No more than 2words）（2marks）
The joints．/Our joints
82．How many years have scientists been working to find ways of making artificial joints that work well？（No more than 4words）（2marks）
Over a century．/More than 100 years．
83．How does our body react to foreign substances？（No more than 9words）（3marks）
It produces cells that attack and destroy the substances．/By producing cells that attack anddestroy the substances．
84．Why can the special metal and plastic used for artificial joints？（No more than 10words）（3marks）Because the metal is strong and the plastic is flexible．．

7．What would Barbie look like if she were average？
According to US artist Nickolay Lamm，she would be a brunette with a rounded face and a much thicker waist．
Frustrated with the unrealistic beauty standards of Barbie and her friends，Lamm took data from Disease Control and Prevention about an average 19-year-old American woman，who is about 163cm tall，with a 84-cm waist． With those measurements，Lamm created a doll．
The doll-s tagline （口号）is"Average is beautiful．"
"I think a realistic-size doll is important because when I look at current dolls on the market，they all look like supermodels，"the artist told APF．"I just had the impression that the wall of supermodels suggests that something is wrong with you if you don-t look like one．  So I created an alternative to suggest that it's OK to look like a normal person．"
The Lammily dolls，which are 27cm tall，have been on sale since last month．
Lammily also has other features． Unlike Barbie and her friends，whose pointed legs would force her to walk on all fours if she were real，Lammily has articulated（枢接的） joints-able to walk，run，and play．  The doll can even be put in a yoga position．
What's more，the Lammily dolls include a sticker package that can help to add real-life marks to the dolls，including freckles，acne，moles，and tattoos．
"You can also add minor cuts and bruises，like ones you'd get from falling down while snowboarding，"Lamm told NBC．
"I feel that，right now．  dolls are very perfect looking，when，in real life，few of us have perfect skin，"Lamm told The Huffington Post．"Things like pimples are a natural part of who we are． So，why not give dolls a real treatment？"
As The Huffington． Post said，"Getting kids used to the idea that these things are completely normal and not 6flaws'（缺陷） to be ashamed of can only be a good thing．"

38．Why did Nickolay Lamm make the Lammily doll？（No more than 14words）（2marks）Because he doesn't agree with the unrealistic beauty standards of Barbie dolls．/Because he wanted to suggest that it is OK to look like a normal person．
39．How is the Lammily doll different from Barbie dolls？（No more than 13words）（3marks）It's modeled after an average young American woman with real life features．
40．What does Lamm mean when he says，"why not give dolls a real treatment？"in the second-to-last paragraph？（No more than 1words）（3marks）Rather than having perfect looks and skins，dolls should look natural with real-life marks．
41．What is the author-s attitude toward Lammily dolls？（No more than 6words）（2marks）He/She is supportive．He/She is in favor of them．．

6．Many years ago，there lived a very rich man who wanted to do something for the people of his town．But first he wanted to find out whether they were good enough to get his help．So he placed a very large stone in the center of the main road into town．Then he hid behind a tree and waited．
Soon an old man came along with his cow．"Who put this stone in the center of the road？"said the old man，but he did not try to move the stone away．Instead，he passed around the stone and continued on his way．Another man came along and did the same thing； then another came，and another．All of them complained about the stone in the center of the road，but none of them tried to move it away．
Late in the afternoon，a young man came along．He saw the stone and said，"It will be very dark at night．Some people will come along later in the dark and will fall against the stone．"
The young man then began to move the stone．He pulled with all his strength to move it to one side．But imagine his surprise when he found a bag full of money and this message under the stone："This money is for the thoughtful person who takes this stone away from the road．Thank you．"

71．What did the rich man want to do？（No more than 8words）To help the people of his town．
72．Why did the rich man put a large stone on the road？（No more than 10words）To find out whether the people were good enough．
73．How many people complained but didn't try to move the stone？（No more than 1words）Four．
74．When the stone was moved away？（No more than 4words）Late in the afternoon
75．What did the young man find under the stone？（No more than 6words）Some money and a message．．

5．Velan，a carpenter（木匠），was living in a village with his aged father，Kuppan．His mother died a long time back．Velan was a bad man．His father was very weak．It was because Velan did not give him enough food．He had given his father a small plate．Even a little rice in the plate appeared to be much．
    Velan had a son，named Muthu，who was just ten years old．He was a very good boy，loving and respecting his grandfather．He did not like his father's attitude and character，because his father was treating his grandfather cruelly．
    One day Kuppan was eating his food out of plate that his son had given to him．The plate fell down and broke into pieces．The food also fell on the floor．Velan was working at the other end of the room．He was very angry with his father and used very bad words to abuse（辱骂） his father．The old man felt bad about what happened．He was sorry for his mistake．Velan's words hurt him very deeply．
    Velan's son，Muthu，who was a smart boy，saw this．His father was ill-treating his grandfather．He was afraid to speak against his father．He was sad about his grandfather．But he was not powerful to stand in support of his grandfather．What could he do？
    The next day Muthu took some of his father's carpentry tools and a piece of wood．He worked with the tools to make a wooden plate．His father saw him working．
"What are you making，Muthu？"he asked．
"I am making a wooden plate!"replied Muthu．
"A wooden plate!What for？"asked his father．
"I am making it for you，father．When you grow old，like my grandfather，you will need a plate for food．I want to give you a wooden plate．It may not break so easily．"Hearing this，Velan was shocked and now he realized his mistake．He was very sad about his own behavior and then became a different person．

71．Why was the father so weak？（ no more than 8words）Because Velan did not give him enoughfood．
72．How did Velan treat his father in the past？（ no more than 5words）He treated his father cruelly/badly．
73．What was Velan doing when the earthen plate fell down？（ no more than 8words）Working at the other end of the room．
74．Why was Muthu afraid to speak against his father？（ no more than 6words）Because he was not powerful enough
75．What's the true purpose of Muthu making a wooden plate for his father？（no more than 10words）To persuade/remind his father to treat the grandfather well．/He wanted his father to treat his grandfather well．．

4．The cheetah（猎豹） is best known for being the world's fastest land animal，reaching speeds of just over 110kph for short period of time．However，many people know little else about this wonderful animal．The word cheetah probably comes from a Hindi word spotted animal．It is very similar to other cats but also has some obvious differences．Its body is much leaner than most cats and it has much longer legs．
    People sometimes make a cheetah a leopard（美洲豹） because they both have spots，but in fact they are very different．A leopard is far heavier and more powerful，but also much slower．The cheetah's spots cover most of its body except for its stomach and throat．The cheetah's tail has spots and these become rings at the end of the tail．
    An adult cheetah weighs between 35-65kilograms and is about 80centimeters high at the shoulder．The cheetah's head is quite small and the eyes are quite high up．A black line runs from each eye down to its mouth and makes it look a little sad．It has high shoulders that help it to walk so gracefully（优雅地）．
    Cheetahs are very fast but they are not very strong．They are not good fighters and will run away rather than fight another animal to protect their food．If they make a kill，it is sometimes taken away from them by stronger animals such as lions and leopard．These animals will kill their young if they get the chance．The cheetah is not a threat to humans at all．It will not attack humans and prefers to stay away from occupied areas．

71．Where does the word"cheetah"come from？（no more than 6words）It comes from a Hindi word．
72．What differences do cheetahs have from cats？（no more than 9words）It has longer legs and leaner body．
73．What do a cheetah and a leopard have in common？（no more than 8words）They both have spots．
74．Why do cheetahs walk so gracefully？（no more than 5words）Because it has high shoulders．
75．Why will Cheetahs not fight another animal to protect their food？（no more than 6words）Because they are not good fighters．．

3．Sleepover Secrets
Sleepovers are most popular for kids from eight to fourteen．At the first sleepover party，keep the guest list short，two or three are enough．

Everyone knows that a sleepover rarely involves much sleeping，so be prepared with lots of games，snacks and activities．
Activities
Although most preteens will keep themselves entertained，it's a good idea to plan a few activities．Some parents like to do one major activity outside the home such as going to the movies，bowling or swimming．Not only does this add structure to the event，it should also make guests tired enough that they actually sleep!
Food
Junk food at sleepovers is a time-honored tradition，but don't offer too much．It's fine to have some chips，and a cake is a must，but add some fruits or vegetables so you don't end up with a party full of stomachaches．Offer bottled water or juice instead of soda with caffeine，or they'll never get to sleep．Sleepover guests are old enough to make their own food so consider planning a kitchen activity．Make-your-own-bars（pizza，foods，sundaes） work well for this age group．

Bedtime
When should you turn the lights out？It depends on the ages of the guests．Younger children should probably be in their sleeping bags by 10p．m．，older ones by midnight．Avoid quarrels about who sleeps next to whom by suggesting the guests arrange their sleeping bags in a starburst pattern with heads in the middle．For guests ready to go to sleep before others，consider putting them in a guest room．If this is a first sleepover，be prepared for a guest who wants to go home．Be certain you have a way to reach all the parents in case this happens．Before you call the parents，however，try to reduce the guest's fears．A child who's afraid of the dark may be comforted by a dim （昏暗的） night light．
51．Who is the passage written for？（不多于十个词）
Parents who are going to host the （first） sleepover
52．What outdoor activities are suggested in the passage？（不多于七个词）
Going to the movies，bowling or swimming．
53．What drinks should you offer to sleepover guests？（不多于七个词）
Bottled water or juice．
54．Why should you be able to reach the parent of each guest？（不多于十个词）
In case someone wants to go home．．

2．Every July In Roawell，you'll find a celebration honoring the existence of creatures from other planets．The Alien（外星人）Festival，known as the Roswell UFO Festival，includes a lot of activities designed to educate the public about the existence of alien life．
The Roswell UFO ineident took place in the U．S in June or July 1947，when a UFO crashed near Roswell，a farming community in southeastern New Mexico．Explanations of what took place were based on both official and unofficial communications．Although it was officially stated that the debris（残骸）was from a weather balloon，the moust famous explanation was that the object was a spacecraft containing alien life．The first book on the incident was the roswell incident（1980），written by Charles Berlitzand and William Moore，The authors stated that they had interviewed over ninety witnesses，and in the book ther described the debris as"nothing made on this earth"．
Over the years，books，articles，and a made-for-TV movie brought a lot of attention to the 1947incident．By the mid-1990s，public surveys（调查）showed that the majority of people believed that aliens had indeed visited our planet，and that aliens had landed at Roswell，but that all the relevant information was being kept seeret by the US govermment．
The"Roswell Incident"has remained a subject of argument for many years．Now the town of Roswell celebrates its reputation as the UFO capital of the United States with a festival in early July．Visitors to the Roswell UFO Festival will find themselves among ture believers．Over the course of the week-long festival，there are speeches，concerts and exhibition．The UFO Museum and Research Center invites UFO experts from around the world to make speeches at the festival，which combines special exhibits with serious discussion of UFO reports．

63．What is the official explanation for the incident？（不多于8个单词）The debris was from a weather balloon
64．What activities are there in the festival？（不多于5个单词）speeches，concerts and exhibitions
65．What is the passage mainly about？（不多于5个单词）The AlienFestival/The Roswell UFO Festival．

1．Directions：Read the following passage．Answer the questions according to the information give in the passage．
It's never too early in high school to start taking control of your future．The first thing you have to do is to know that what you are doing during high school is going to affect your future．
My son wasn't very excited about high school and chose to do just enough to make a passing grade．I told this to my son and he agreed but continued to do just get by．He's finished college education now and is working to become a teacher．While he's working as a part-time waiter in a restaurant where they employ high school students through the summer，though he is in his twenties，many high school aged kids like to talk to him．Those kids often said how their parents got on their backs about working harder at school．My son's answer was，"Your parents are right．I wish that I had studied harder in high school．College would have been more fun and I would have done better if I'd taken high school more seriously．"
You，as a high school student，can start to wish a good future if you begin to do more things right starting now．Make Sure you're on time to class．Choose to ask or answer more questions in class．All those little changes of habit that will help make you do things right，add up to a lot of really big things in life．

71．How did the author's son do in high school？（No more than 9words  3'）He did just enough to make a passing grade．
72．What will be the future job of the author's son？（No more than 2words  2'）
A teacher
73．When do high school students do part-time job？（No more than 3words  2'）
Through the summer．
74．What should you do in high school for a good future？（No more than 12words 3'）
Do more things right，be on time and be active in class．．

2．During my third year of university，I was searching for a place to live．One Sunday after church，the pastor told me to stay in his daughter's room because his daughter was studying abroad for one year．
To be （16）A，I really did not want to stay with"the pastor's family"．He told me how much the （17）B would be-a very low figure that （18）B one home-cooked meal a day．I thought about the （19）D and decided to move in．
At the end of the term I had planned to find （20）C living place，since the daughter was to（21）A home．To my delight，they （22）D that I share a room with their son．I seemed to have been adopted into their（23）B-their people became my people．I （24）A accepted the offer．
As I emptied the daughter's bedroom，I thought it might be （25）C to have a little sister to look after．But when I later met my new sister，I （26）A that she was more independent than I first（27）C．
We finally fell in love，（28）D and have looked after each other for many years．There have been times that life turned out more（29）B than either of us could have known．But we have always been able to go（30）C largely because we knew that we are deeply （31）B．
It isn't about marriage-It's about（32）C．It is about mothers and fathers，sisters and brothers and special friends who are as （33）A as family．It's about anybody who can say，"I'll be （34）D-you count on me．I'll try to look after you and sometimes I'll need you to look after me．"
Is there anybody you can rely on？And are others counting on you？We take a trip on the road of life best when there is（35）B to take care of，and when someone is taking us of us．

16．A．honest	B．surprised	C．friendly	D．pleased
17．A．price	B．rent	C．money	D．pay
18．A．had	B．included	C．made	D．contained
19．A．idea	B．plan	C．service	D．offer
20．A．same	B．different	C．another	D．extras
21．A．return	B．go	C．get	D．leave
22．A．ordered	B．agreed	C．arranged	D．suggested
23．A．house	B．family	C．group	D．friend
24．A．happily	B．sorrowfully	C．evidently	D．efficiently
25．A．bad	B．exciting	C．nice	D．strange
26．A．realized	B．thought	C．knew	D．doubted
27．A．saw	B．told	C．imagined	D．believed
28．A．separated	B．parted	C．left	D．married
29．A．smooth	B．challenging	C．exciting	D．different
30．A．backward	B．eastward	C．forward	D．westward
31．A．hated	B．cared	C．felt	D．liked
32．A．friendship	B．relation	C．love	D．family
33．A．close	B．good	C．far	D．long
34．A．away	B．out	C．in	D．around
35．A．nobody	B．somebody	C．anybody	D．everybody．

1．Currently，an increasing number of people spend their holidays in other countries．（11）F So read our travel tips that are simple and practical，and you can always enjoy your travels．
On a business card，write down the emergency contact information and place it in your wallet （12）D Give your emergency contact a copy of your travel plan，a passport data page，and the visa information．Give each piece of your luggage a unique look：tie a bright handkerchief to a handle or purchase a colored luggage tag．（13）B If you don't speak the local language，carry a matchbox，or a brochure with the name and address of your destination．（14）G
To avoid being a target of crime，don't wear eye-catching clothing：dress conservatively，and don't wear or carry obvious signs of wealth （gold watches，expensive jewelry and etc．） and don't carry more cash than necessary．（15）C
To make sure of a safe journey and avoid some unnecessary trouble when traveling in foreign countries，you should be more careful．
A．Good preparations can always help you out as well．
B．It will be easier for you to keep track of your bag from a distance．
C．Also，don't accept packages from strangers．
D．Include the name of anyone who should be contacted in an emergency．
E．Once your wallet is stolen，you can let them know．
F．Of course everyone wants his travels to be trouble-free and enjoyable．
G．You can show it to taxi drivers or when asking for directions．

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