12．You either have it.or you don't---a sense of direction.that is．But why is it that some people cou——青夏教育精英家教网——

12．You either have it，or you don't---a sense of direction，that is．But why is it that some people could find their way across the Sahara without a map，while others can lose themselves in the next street？
    Scientists say we're all born with a sense of direction，but it is not properly understood how it works．One theory is that people with a sense of direction have simply worked harder at developing it．Research being carried out at Liverpool University supports this idea and suggests that if we don't use it，we lose it．
"Children as young as seven have the ability to find their way around，"says Jim Martland，Research Chief of the project．"However，if they are not allowed out alone or are taken everywhere by car，they never develop the skills．"
    Jim Martland also emphasizes that young people should be taught certain skills to improve their sense of direction．He makes the following suggestions：
l If you are using a map，turn it，and it relates to the way you are facing．
l If you leave your bike in a strange place，put it near something like a big stone or a tree．Note landmarks on the route as you go away from your bike．When you return，go back along the same route．
l Simplify the way of finding your direction by using lines such as streets in a town，streams，or walls in the countryside to guide you．Count your steps so that you know how far you have gone and note any landmarks such as tower blocks or hills which can help to find out where you are．
    Now you need never get lost again!
33．Scientists believe thatD．
A．some babies are born with a sense of direction
B．people learn a sense of direction as they grow older
C．people never lose their sense of direction
D．Everybody possesses a sense of direction from birth
34．If you leave your bike in a strange place，you shouldD．
A．tie it to a tree so as to prevent it from being stolen
B．draw a map of the route to help remember where it is
C．avoid taking the same route when you come back to it
D．remember something easily recognizable on the route
35．According to the passage，the best way to find your way around is toB．
A．ask policemen for directions
B．use walls，streams，and streets to guide yourself
C．remember your route by looking out for steps and stairs
D．count the number of landmarks that you see．

11．It is natural that young people are often uncomfortable when they are with their parents．They say that their parents don't understand them．They often think that their parents are out of touch with modern ways； that they are too serious or too strict with their children； and that they seldom give their children a free hand．
Actually parents also find it difficult to win their children's trust and they tend to forget what they were like when young．
For example，young people like to act without much thinking．It is one of their ways to show that they have grown up and they can face any difficult situation，while older people worry more easily．Most of them plan things ahead，at least in the back of their minds，and do not like their plans to be upset by something unpleasant．When you want your parents to let you do something，you will have better success if you ask before you really start doing it．
Young people often make their parents angry with their choices in clothes，in entertainment （娱乐） and in music．But they do not mean to cause any trouble； it is just that they feel cut off from the older people's world，into which they have not yet been accepted．It is natural enough that you want to live a life in your own way，after being a child for so many years，when you were completely under your parents'control．
However，you should know that if you plan to control your life，you'd better win your parents over and try to get them to understand you．If your parents see that you have a high sense of responsibility，they will certainly give you the right to do what you want to do．
25．The passage is mainly written forC．
A．parents B．older people C．young people D．teachers
26．Young people like to have clothes，entertainment and music in their own way，becauseC．
A．they want to make their parents angry
B．they try to get their parents into trouble
C．they want something new and different from the older people
D．they know they are cleverer than the older people
27．What does the writer mean by"they seldom give their children a free hand"？D
A．They don't try to help their children．
B．They always keep their children busy．
C．They don't like their children's choice of clothes．
D．They don't let their children do what they like．
28．The writer suggests that you shouldCif you want to control your own life．
A．talk to your parents
B．create your own culture
C．show that you are responsible enough
D．plan everything carefully．

10．When couples get married，they usually plan to have children．Sometimes，however，a couple can not have a child of their own．In this case，they may decide to adopt（收养） a child．In fact，adoption is very common today．There are about 60 thousand adoptions each year in the United States alone．Some people prefer to adopt infants，others adopt older children，some couples adopt children from their own countries，and others adopt children from foreign countries．In any case，they all adopt children for the same reason----they care about children and want to give their adopted child a happy life．
Most adopted children know that they are adopted．Psychologists（心理学家） and child-care experts generally think this is a good idea．However，many adopted children or adoptees have very little information about their biological parents．As a matter of fact，it is often very difficult for adoptees to find out about their birth parents because the birth records of most adoptees are usually sealed．The information is secret so no one can see it．Naturally，adopted children have different feelings about their birth parents．Many adoptees want to search for them，but others do not．The decision to search for birth parents is a difficult one to make．Most adoptees have mixed feelings about finding their biological parents．Even though adoptees do not know about their natural parents，they do know that their adopted parents want them，love them and will care for them．
71．According to the passage，some couples adopt children becauseA
A．They care a lot about children．
B．They need looking after in their old age．
C．They want to enrich their life experience．
D．They want children to keep them company．
72．Why is it difficult for adoptees to find out about their birth parents？C
A．They are usually adopted from distant places．
B．Their birth parents often try to conceal（隐瞒）their birth information．
C．Their birth information is usually kept secret．
D．Their adoptive parents don't want them to know their birth parents．
73．Adoptees find it hard to make the decision to search for their birth parents，becauseD
A．They generally hold bad feelings towards their birth parents．
B．They do not want to hurt the feelings of their adoptive parents．
C．They are fully aware of the expenses（费用） involved in the search．
D．They have mixed feelings about finding their natural parents．
74．What does the underlined word"infants"in Paragraph 1 most probably mean？C
A．teenagers
B．babies over 2-year old
C．new babies
D．persons under the age of 18
75．What can we infer from the passage？D
A．Early adoption makes for closer parent-child relationship．
B．Most people prefer to adopt children from overseas．
C．Understanding is the key to successful adoption．
D．Adoption has much to do with love．

9．Dear friend，
For the past 17 years，you have been my best friend．I remember that you told me you were called Cigarette because of your features．You have seen me through difficult times，happy times and just about every stage of my life．You have always been here when I need you．Some of my family and friends didn't like you so much，but I've always been on your side．I thought you were a great friend，and I counted on you at all times，especially when I was not very happy．
It's hard for me to tell you this，but in the past few months，I have been seriously thinking about ending our relationship．I think that I‘ve just been too dependent on you，and I feel that at the age of 35 I should start being more independent．I thought about just maybe seeing you once in a while，but I don't think that would work．Eventually，I'd start relying on you all the time again．I feel the only way to end our relationship is to end it forever．
I've always included you in everything I've done．But next week，I'm going on a trip，and I've decided not to take you along．I feel this would be a good time to break up．I will be gone for a whole week without you and if I can make it on my own for that week，I know I can make it forever．
It is a little sad for me knowing that I won't be able to rely on you any more，but I think I will be a better person in the end．
61．By writing the letter，the author wants toD．
A．say goodbye to his girlfriend
B．tell his friendship with Cigarette
C．tell his travelling plan
D．give up smoking
62．The underlined phrase"counted on"in the first paragraph can be replaced by"C"．
A．worried about   B．cared for     C．depended on    D．got along well with
63．According to the passage，the"letter-receiver"B．
A．is the author's girlfriend
B．has done harm to the author for years
C．will feel sad when reading the letter
D．will never leave the author
64．The author decided to take a trip toD．
A．get away from his best friend
B．relax himself for a while
C．reduce his sorrow for the break
D．show that he is independent
65．Why does the author want to end his relationship with Cigarette？A
A．Because he wants to be more healthy．
B．Because they are going through difficult times．
C．Because his family and friends no longer like him．
D．Because he is going on a trip．

8．One should remain ______ and think of ways to escape when facing danger．（　　）

7．That was a really difficult question，but a little boy____ a good idea．（　　）

6．If you visit London，you（61）will see（see） lots of cars，buses and bikes．It（62）is（be） very cheap and quick to use a bike．When you take a bus，you have to wait（63）forhalf an hour or so．What's more，the bus moves（64）slowly（slow）．The underground is quick but very expensive and often（65）crowed
（crowd）．I used to travel to work by bus．I often arrived at work late（66）andtired．Then a friend of mine suggested we（67）go（go） to work together by bike．I followed him．Although we went slowly，yet we always arrived on time．Taking a bus took fifty minutes while（68）riding（ride） a bike took only half an hour．Now I love riding a bike to work．I've got（69）alittle more money now，so I feel much（70）better（good）．

5．Higher hotel prices，airline capacity（容量） cuts and rising travel demand mean travelers will have to work harder to find a good deal in 2013．But there are plenty of online tools to help keep your vacation expensesin check．Here are some websites to help you save money on air tickets this year．
Looking for sales on a specific routs，or just want to go somewhere cheap？AirfareWatchdog．com searches for deals computers tend to miss，like promotion codes airlines include in e-mail advertisements．It also finds sales from Allegiant and Southwest，which typically aren't listed on major airfare（机票）search engines．You can sign up for specific fare notifications（通告）or a list of all the cheap round-trip fares from your local airport．
Where can you go for 500 or less？Kayak．com/explore will show you where you can go for a vacation for a particular price．You can narrow your search by month，region，flight length，weather or activity．Clicking on a price reveals dates the fare is available．
If you already know where you want to go，use itasoftware．com to find the cheapest dates to fly．To purchase，you must go to the airline's website or online agencies like Travelocity．
To figure out whether to buy that plan ticket now or wait，go to Bing．com/travel．Its Price Predictor can determine how likely a fare is to rise or fall during the next seven says from more than 250 cities in the Unites States to top domestic destinations and major airports in Europe．The site claims that its predictions are about75 percent accurate and save customers more than 50 on average for a round trip．
After you've booked your tickets at an airline site，enter your flight information at Yapta．com to track the price so you don't miss out on savings if the price drops．
46．The underlined phrase"in check"in Paragraph 1 can be best replaced by"B"．
A．above limit B．under control      C．beyond expectaion      D．in danger
47．We can infer from the passage that Allegiant is probablyA．
A．an airline company
B．a well-known travel destination
C．a travel agency for cheap vacations
D．a search tool for low-cost air tickets
48．If you've chosen a vacation destination，which website should you visit to choose the cheapest dates for air tickets？C
A．Airfare Watchdog．com B．kayak．com/explore     C．Itasoftware．com       D．Yapta．com
49．Who are the intended readers of the passage？D
A．Travel agency owners
B．Advertising company bosses
C．Hotel managers hoping to attract customers
D．Holidaymakers looking for cheap air tickets
50．What can we know about the website Bing．com/travel from the passage？C
A．Its predictions are always accurate
B．Its predictions focus on European airports
C．Its predictions are about how air tickets will vary in a week
D．Its predictions help customers save over $50 for a single trip．

4．Dreams can be familiar and strange，fantastical or boring，but some dreams might be connected to the mental processes that help us learn．In a recent study，scientists found a connection between nap-time dreams and better memory in people who were learning a new skill．
In the study，99college students between the ages of 18and 30each spent an hour on a compute，trying to get through a virtual maze（迷宫）．The maze was different place each time they tired-making it even more difficult．They were also told to find a particular picture of a tree and remember where it was．
For the first 90minutes of a five-hour break，half of the participants stayed awake and an half were told to take a short nap．Participants who stayed awake were asked to describe their thoughts．Participants who took a nap were asked about their dreams before sleep and after sleep-and they were awakened within a minute of sleep to describe their dreams．
Stickgold，a neuroscientist（神经科学家），wanted to know what people were dreaming about when their eyes weren't moving during sleep．
Four of the 50people who slept said their dreams were connected to the maze．Some dreamed about the music that had been playing when they were working； others said they dreamed about seeing people in the maze．When these four people tried the computer maze again，they were able to find the tree faster than before their naps．
Stickgold suggests the dream itself doesn‘t  help a person learn-it's the other way around．He suspects that the dream was caused by the brain processes associated with learning．
All four of the people who dreamed about the task had done poorly the first time，which makes Stickgold wonder if the dreams show up when a person finds a new task particularly difficult．People who had other dreams，or people who didn't take a nap，didn't show the same improvement．
31．Before having a short nap，participants of the experiment were asked toC．
A．stay in a different place in the maze
B．design a virtual maze which is difficult to get through
C．experience the experiment and try to remember something
D．get through a virtual maze on a computer from the same place
32．What can we learn from the text？D
A．Participants who took a nap were required to express their thoughts．
B．Some dreams may encourage people to invent something new．
C．Participants who dreamed about films could finish the task more easily．
D．Participants whose dreams had something to do with the maze could find
the tree faster．
33．According to Stickgold，B．
A．every person may dream about what they learned
B．people's brain processes may still be connected with their learning
in their dreams
C．once people's eyes stop moving，they are sure to dream about something
D．no matter how fantastical or boring，dreams are connected with people's life
34．What is the best title for this text？C
A．Dreams Are Strange       B．Not All Dreams Are True
C．Dreaming Makes Perfect   D．Stickgold，a Dream Expert．

3．To the American visitor Iceland is a very interesting country，partly because it is different in so many ways from what he or she is used to seeing at home．There are quite a few things that are not done，or that do not exist on the island-quite a few"nots"．
There is no pollution，for example．No dogs are permitted in Reykjavik，the capital．There is no television on Thursdays or during the entire month of July，and only three hours of black-and-white TV the rest of the time．There is no hard liquor on Wednesdays and no beer at any time．There are no handguns； only one jail of 35cells in the entire land-an admirable figure，even for a small country of 222000people．
There is no army，air force or navy．There is no tipping for anything．There are no large stores open on Saturdays and Sundays．Since Iceland is located just under the Arctic Circle，there is no darkness in summer and no daylight in winter．But thanks to the Gulf Stream，the climate is rather mild，with temperatures ranging from 34degrees Fahrenheit to 52degrees in July．
The rules on television，liquor，and guns are the result of governmental decision But the absence of pollution is due in great part to the fact that Iceland get its power from the enormous geysers[间歇（喷）泉]and the thousands of hot springs that come out of ground．They provide all the energy needed by the country．In fact，Iceland uses only 3percent of all its available power．
Iceland has been described as a democratic independent country where more fish are caught and more books published per person than anywhere else in the world．The Icelanders have always felt a particular love for literature．They composed their first works in the ninth and tenth centuries AD．These works were poems and tales about the kings，heroes，and heroines of Iceland and Norway．At first the stories were memorized and passed from generation to generation．They were finally written down between 1140and 1220．The Icelanders have never stopped writing ever since．"Rather shoeless than book-less，"they proudly say．
55．The American visitor enjoys visiting Iceland becauseD．
A．no dogs are permitted in the capital     B．the police do not carry handguns
C．the climate is rather mild              D．it is very different from America
56．The following statements are true EXCEPTD．
A．there are no soldiers in Iceland           B．the Icelanders don't drink beer
C．there is no service fee of any kind        D．there are no crimes in Iceland
57．It can be inferred from the passage thatD．
A．in winter the sun doesn't set in Iceland
B．the sun rises and sets regularly in Iceland
C．the climate in Iceland is rather mild because there is no daylight in winter
D．the sun never rises in winter and never sets in summer in Iceland
58．There is no pollution in Iceland mainly becauseB．
A．Iceland uses only 3percent of all its available power
B．the Icelanders use hot water from under ground as their energy
C．it is located just under the Arctic Circle
D．it is a democratic，independent country
59．"Rather shoeless than bookless"meansD．
A．They prefer not to have shoes or books
B．They would rather have shoes on than write books
C．They prefer shoes to books
D．They regard books more important than shoes．

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