2．Many people lie awake at night.worrying about something from their job to the future．Now.researche——青夏教育精英家教网—

2．Many people lie awake at night，worrying about something from their job to the future．Now，researchers have discovered a simple and cheap solution：going to bed earlier．What time a person goes to bed and how much they sleep affects how much they worry，according to a new study．
Researchers found people who go to bed later，or sleep less，have pessimistic thoughts that seem to repeat in their minds，which they feel unable to control．
They also tend to worry excessively about the future，look back too much on the past，and experience annoying thoughts，mirroring the symptoms of people with anxiety and depression．
Regular lack of sleep might actually be linked to the development of anxiety，the researchers concluded．
The findings，coming after a number of studies，suggested getting between seven and eight hours sleep which is essential for good health．Less than this is thought to increase the risk of a person becoming fat，depressed，and can even cause severe health problems such as cancer and heart disease，because it upsets the body clock．
As part of the new study，researchers asked 100young adults at Binghamton University to complete questionnaires and two tasks on computer．These measured how much the students worried about something．They were also asked if they were more of a"morning"or an"evening"person．
The researchers found that people who sleep for shorter periods of time-and go to bed later-often experience more negative thoughts than others．
This was also true for those students who described themselves as evening types．
Jacob Nota，of Binghamton University，who carried out the research，said，"Making sure that sleep is obtained during the right time of the day may be an inexpensive and easy solution for individuals who are both bothered by negative thoughts"．
29．According to the findings mentioned in the passage，which of the following shows the correct order？D
A．Experiencing negative thoughts-＞Going to bed late-＞Suffering anxiety
B．Going to bed late-＞Suffering anxiety-＞Experiencing negative thoughts
C．Suffering anxiety-＞Experiencing negative thoughts-＞Going to bed late
D．Going to bed late～＞Experiencing negative thoughts-＞Suffering anxiety
30．What information do Para 2and Para 3mainly give？B
A．The causes of sleeping less
B．The findingsof the research on sleep
C．Symptoms of anxiety and depression
D．The effects of the research on sleep
31．How was the research carried out？B
A．By testing and comparing
B．Bysurveyingandanalyzing
C．By checking and measuring
D．Byobserving and interviewing．

1．Directions：Write an English composition in 120-150words according to the instructions given below in Chinese．
加入你是某中学高三（1）班的学生李明，写一封信给学校图书馆负责老师，因为你校图书馆将选择招募课余学生图书管理员．信必须包括以下内容：
1，简要介绍个人特长；
2，表达希望成为课余学生图书管理员的愿望；
3，谈谈你作为课余学生图书管理员，对学校图书馆管理提出一些建议．
注意：文中请勿提及真实学校
Dear Sir/Madam，

Yours sincerely，
Li Ming．

15．There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence．The first is the sort of brain he is born with．Human brains differ considerably，some being more capable than others．But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with，an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn．So the second factor is what happens to the individual-the sort of environment in which he is reared．If an individual is handicapped environmentally，it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable．
The importance of environment in determining an individual's intelligence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins，Peter and Mark X．Being identical，the twins had identical brains at birth，and their growth processes were the same．When the twins were three months old，their parents died，and they were placed in separate foster homes．Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities．Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college．He was read to as a child，sent to good schools，and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually．This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens，when they were given tests to measure their intelligence．Mark's I．Q．was 125，twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother．Given equal opportunities，the twins，having identical brains，would have tested at roughly the same level．
30．A person's intelligenceD
A．stays unchanged in a certain environment．
B．develops with the change of environment
C is born at the same level as anyone else's．
D．is affected by the environment as well as the sort of brain he is born with
31．What is meant by"he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable．"？B
A He will never fail to develop his intelligence
B．He won't become so intelligent as he should
C．He is able to reach a high level of intelligence
D．It is impossible for him to develop intelligence
32．Which of the following statements is true concerning the twins？D
A．The sorts of brain they are born with differ greatly
B．They set up an example for studying the environment
C．They became orphans once they were born
D．They were adopted boys
33．According to the text，the environment in which the twins were reared differs in the following aspects exceptC．
A．intelligence level of the parents．
B．family economic status．
C．the age of their parents．
D．community surroundings．

13．We can stay young forever．That is the message Dr．Shen Ziyin wants to give the world．And the Chinese doctor claims（声称） that he has found an answer to the problems of aging．
His solution（解决办法） is a herbal medicine to slow the process of aging．
Dr．Shen Ziyin has been trained in Western medicine．At the same time he studied traditional Chinese medicine．And，he has been working for the past forty years to put together the best of both and find a cure for aging．He has taken a hint（线索） from the ancient Chinese medicine system called"shen"．
According to Shen，it is the kidney（肾） which adjusts the functioning of the body as well as its aging process．It is responsible for the level of activity that the human bodies go through．Studies conducted by Dr．Shen show that herbal medicine based on the shen system slow the aging process，says a report in The Telegraph newspaper．
We notice that when people grow old，they have reduced strength，loss of hair，backache，weakness in general，and wrinkles，among others．This happens because when people grow old，their bodies produce T-cells．These T-cells contain a particular substance called Fas．Fas makes the cells in the body destruct themselves．
So the only way to slow down aging is to slow the production of T-cells in the body．This can happen if people eat low calorie food．Then the body is not active enough to produce extra T-cells．But，is going hungry all the time a good price to pay for staying young？
This is where Dr．Shen's herbal medicine comes in．But how effective it will be，only time can tell．
28．How did Dr．Shen find the solution to the problem of aging？D
A．By studying Western medicine．
B．By learning traditional Chinese medicine．
C．By doing research on both Western and Chinese people．
D．By combining both Western and Chinese medicine．
29．What plays the most important role in keeping people young according to Shen？A
A．People's good kidney．
B．Medical treatment．
C．Level of people's activity．
D．Positive life attitude．
30．The reason why people become old is thatC．
A．their bodies are unable to fight diseases
B．they have reduced strength，loss of hair
C．their bodies produce T-cells
D．they become weaker and weaker
31．We can probably learn from the passage thatB．
A．people should try to quicken the production of T-cells in the body
B．it remains unknown how effective Dr．Shen's herbal medicine is
C．the more Chinese herbal medicine people drink，the better for health
D．producing more low calorie food allows people to keep young．

12．Here is an astonishing and significant fact：mental work alone can't make us tired．It sounds absurd．But a few years ago，scientists tried to find out how long the human brain could labor without reaching a stage of fatigue（疲劳）．To the amazement of these scientists，they discovered that blood passing through the brain，when it is active，shows no fatigue at all!
If we took a drop of blood from a day laborer，we would find it full of fatigue toxins and fatigue products．But if we took blood from the brain of an Albert Einstein，it would show no fatigue toxins at the end of the day．
So far as the brain is concerned，it can work as well and swiftly at the end of eight or even twelve hours of effort as at the beginning．The brain is totally tireless．So what makes us tired？Some scientists declare that most of our fatigue comes from our mental and emotional attitudes．One of England's most outstanding scientists，J．A．Hadfield，says，"The greater part of the fatigue from which we suffer is of mental origin．In fact，fatigue of purely physical origin is rare．"Dr．Brill，a famous American scientist，goes even further．He declares，"One hundred percent of the fatigue of sitting workers in good health is due to emotional problems．"
What kinds of emotions make sitting workers tired？Joy？Satisfaction？No!A feeling of being bored，anger，anxiety，tenseness，worry，a feeling of not being appreciated-those are the emotions that tire sitting workers．Hard work by itself seldom causes fatigue．We get tired because our emotions produce nervousness in the body．
33．What surprised the scientists a few years ago？C
A．Fatigue toxins could hardly be found in a laborer's blood
B．Albert Einstein didn't feel worn after a day's work
C．The brain could work for many hours without fatigue
D．A mental worker's blood was filled with fatigue toxins
34．According to the author，which of the following can make sitting workers tired？B
A．Challenging mental work
B．Unpleasant emotions
C．Endless tasks
D．Physical labor
35．What's the author's attitude towards the scientists'idea？A
A．He agrees with them
B．He doubts them
C．He argues against them
D．He hesitates to accept them．

11．Every man wants his son to be somewhat of a clone（克隆），not in features but in footsteps．As he grows you also age，and your ambitions（报复、雄心） become more unachievable．You begin to realize that your boy，in your footsteps，could probably accomplish（完成） what you hoped for．But footsteps can be muddied（污浊） and they can go off in different directions．
My son Jody has hated school since day one in kindergarten．Science projects waited until the last moment．Book reports weren't written until the final threat（威胁）．
I've been a newspaperman all my adult life．My daughter is a university graduate working toward her master's degree in English．But Jody？When he entered the tenth grade he became a"vo-tech"student（技校学生）．They're called"motorheads"by the rest of the student body．
When a secretary in my office first called him"motorhead"，I was shocked．"Hey，he's a good kid，"I wanted to say．"And smart，really．"
I learned later that motorheads are，indeed，different．They usually have dirty hands and wear dirty work clothes．And they don't often make school honor rolls（光荣榜）．
But being the parent of a motorhead is itself an experience in education．We who work in clean shirts in offices don't have the abilities that motorheads have．I began to learn this when I had my car crashed（坏了）．The cost to repair it was estimated at 800．"Hey，I can fix it，"said Jody．I doubted it，but let him go ahead，for I had nothing to lose．
My son，with other motorheads，fixed the car．They got parts（零件）from a junkyard，non-toasting toaster have been fixed．Neighbors and co-workers trust their car repair to him．
Since that first repair job，a broken air-conditioner，a non-functioning washer and a non-toasting toaster have been fixed．Neighbors and co-workers trust their car repairs to him．
These kids are happiest when doing repairs．They joke and laugh and are living in their own relaxed world．And their minds are bright despite their dirty hands and clothes．
I have learned a lot from my motorhead：publishers need printers，engineers need mechanics，and architects need builders．Most important，I have learned that fathers don't need clones in footsteps or anywhere else．
My son may never make the school honor roll．But he made mine．
24．What used to be the author's hope for his son？D
A．To avoid becoming his clone．
B．To resemble（类似、像） him in appearance．
C．To develop in a different direction．
D．To reach the author's unachieved goals．
25．The author let his son repair the car because he believed thatC．
A．His son had the ability to fix it．
B．it would save him much time．
C．it wouldn't cause him any more loss
D．other motorheads would come to help．
26．In the author's eyes，motorheads areB．
A．tidy and hardworking
B．cheerful and smart
C．lazy but bright
D．relaxed but rude
27．What did the author realize in the end？A
A．It is unwise to expect your child to follow your path．
B．It is important for one to make the honor roll．
C．Architects play a more important role than builders．
D．Motorheads have greater ability than office workers．

10．I am a good mother to three children．I have tried never to let my profession stand in the way of being a good parent．
I no longer consider myself the center of the universe．I show up．I listen．I try to laugh．I am a good friend to my husband．I have tried to make marriage vows （誓约）mean what they say．I am a good friend to my friends．And they to me．Without them，there would be nothing to say to you today．
So here's what I wanted to tell you today：Get a life．A real life，not a desire of the nest promotion，the bigger paycheck，the larger house．
Get a life in which you are not alone．Find people you love，and who love you．And remember that love is not leisure，it is work．Pick up the phone．Send an email．Write a letter．And realize that life is the best thing and that you have no business taking it for granted．
It is so easy to waste our lives，our days，our hours and our minutes． It is so easy to exist instead of to live ．I learned to live many years ago．Something really，really bad happened to me，something that changed my life in ways that，if I had my choice，it would never have been changed at all．And what I learned from it is what，today，seems to be the hardest lesson of all．
I learned to love the journey，not the destination，I learned to look at all the good in the world and try to give some of it back because I believed in it，completely and totally．And I tried to do that，in part，by telling others what I had learned．
By telling them this：Read in the backyard with the sun on your face，Learn to be happy，And think of life as a deadly illness，because if you do，you will live it with joy and passion（激动）as it ought to be lived．
6．The best title of this passage probably isB．
A．Love your friends
B．Live a real life
C．Don't waste time
D．Be a good mother and wife
7．How did the author form her view of life？C
A．Through social experience．
B．By learning from her friends．
C．Through an unfortunate experience．
D．From her children and husband．
8．By the underlined sentence"It is so easy to exist instead of to live"in the fifth paragraph，the author really means that people tend toA
A．make a living rather than live a real life
B．work rather than enjoy life
C．waste a lot in life
D．forget the most important lessons in life
9．What's the author's attitude toward work？D
A．Do it well to serve others
B．Earn enough money to make life better
C．Try your best to get higher position and pay
D．Don't let it affect your real life．
10．It can be inferred from the passage thatA．
A．the author is a success in personal life
B．the author didn't try her best to work well
C．the author spent all her time caring for her children
D．the author likes traveling very much．

9．If English means endless new words，difficult grammar and sometimes strange pronunciation，you are wrong．Haven't you noticed that you have become a master since you started to learn a language？
According to a new study by a British university，learning a second language can lead to an increase in your brainpower．Researchers found that learning other language changes gray matter．This is the area of the brain which processes information．It is similar to the way that exercise builds muscles．
The study also found the effect is greater on the younger people who learn a second language．
A team led by Dr．Andrea Mechelli，from University College London，took a group of Britons（土著的英国人） who only spoke English．They were compared with a group of"early bilinguals"who had learnt a second language before the age of five，as well as a number of other learners．
Scans showed that gray matter density（密度） in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in people without a second language．But the longer a person waited before mastering a new language，the smaller the difference is．
"Our findings suggest that his structure of the brain is changed by the experience of learning a second language，"said the scientists．
It means that the change itself increases the ability to learn．
Professor Dylan Vanghan Jones of the University of Wales has researched the link between bilingualism and maths skills．"Having two languages gives you two windows on the world and makes the brain more flexible，"he said．"You are actually going beyond language and have a better understanding of different ideas．"
The finding was matched in a study of native Italian speakers who had learned English as a second language between the ages of two and 34．Reading，writing and comprehension were all tested．The results showed that the younger they started to learn，the better．"Studying a language means you get an entrance to another world，"explained the scientists．
1．The main subject in this passage isC．
A．science on learning a second language
B．man's ability of learning a second language
C．language can help brain power
D．language learning and maths study
2．In the second paragraph，the writer mentions"exercise"in order toD．
A．say language is also a kind of physical labor
B．prove that one needs more patience when he （she） is learning a language
C．show the importance of using the language when you learn the language
D．make people believe language learning helps gray matter work well
3．The underlined word"bilingual"probably means thatC．
A．a researcher on language learning
B．a second language learner
C．a person who can speak two languages
D．an active language learner
4．We may know from the scientific findings thatA．
A．the earlier you start to learn a second language the higher the gray matter density is
B．there is no difference between a later second language learner and one who doesn't know a second language
C．the experience of learning a second language has had an effect on people's brain
D．the ability of learning a second language is changing all the time
5．In the last two paragraphs，the author wants to tell us thatB．
A．learning a second language is the same as studying maths
B．early learning of a second language helps you a great deal in studying other subjects
C．Italian is the best choice for you as a second language
D．you'd better choose the ages between 2and 34to learn a second language．

8．Where do you keep ice？In the freezer，of course．That's what scientists might have thought when they were looking for a safe place to store ice from mountain glaciers from around the world．They've decided to store ice in Antarctica because global warming is causing some of the glaciers in places like the Alps to melt．
Jerome Chappellaz of the French National Centre for Scientific Research is involved in creating an ice vault （地下室）there．He says："We are probably the only scientific community whose sample （样本） is in danger of disappearing from the face of the planet．If you work on rocks or on tree rings，the raw material is still here and will be for many centuries．"
And why do scientists need to study ice from the Alps？Ice formed on the top of a mountain is made of snow accumulated over thousands of years．Trapped air bubbles （气泡） contain samples of the atmosphere that existed when that ice was formed．Ice is a record of climate．By examining ice，we know carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is higher now than in the last three million years．Researchers use this kind of data to build computer models and try to predict what might happen in the future．
The ice vault will be housed in a snow cave at the Concordia Research Station，which is operated by scientists from France and Italy．The ice samples will be sealed in bags and placed 10meters below the surface at a constant temperature of-50*C．This will put the scientists'minds at rest．Losing the ice samples would be a disaster，and nobody wants to see a mine of scientific knowledge lost forever in a giant pool．
28．What is the researchers'purpose of studying ice？A
A．To learn about climate．
B．To learn about the Alps．
C．To trap air bubbles．
D．To reduce carbon dioxide．
29．Jerome compares ice with rocks and tree rings to state thatD．
A．ice should be stored at home
B．it's more valuable to study ice
C．ice disappears very quickly
D．it's necessary to store ice
30．What makes Antarctica a safe place to store ice？B
A．Its large mountains．
B．Its function as a freezer．
C．The abundant ice samples there．
D．The absence of global warming．
31．What do scientists think of storing ice in Antarctica？D
A．They consider it an easy job．
B．They're not optimistic about it．
C．They think it will cause disasters．
D．They think it's a reliable way．

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