17．Did you know that something as simple as the wallpaper on your computer can tell people a lot abo——青夏教育精英家教网—

17．Did you know that something as simple as the wallpaper on your computer can tell people a lot about you？According to researcher Donna Dawson，our computers say something about what we're like because they are part of our"personal space．"
A picture of a child or family on the screen often means the person cares deeply about their loved ones．A photo of the person surrounded by friends shows they value their popularity and probably work well with other people．On the other hand，pictures showing examples of past successes，like winning a prize may mean a person is only interested in themselves．
Pictures of nature and natural scenery tell people that you are driven to succeed and use the pictures to relax and remove the pressure in your life．Cityscapes，pictures of cities or towns，show that you enjoy travel and adventure．Most people with cityscapes as their wallpaper are optimistic，happy people who feel even better thinking about the places they've visited or want to visit．
Pictures of animals show that you are optimistic and kind-hearted．You are often happy and you enjoy life and act young．Cartoons or drawings show that you are a multitasker，someone who does many things at once．You have many responsibilities，but you deal with them well．That's one reason you like having something to smile about when you look at your computer wallpaper．
Then，what does plain blue wallpaper tell us about a person？According to Dawson，a person with plain blue wallpaper probably values their privacy and keeps work from becoming too personal．
33．A prize photo as wallpaper suggests someoneA，
A．cares only about himself or herself
B．has a strong wish to succeed
C．is confident about himself or herself
D．works very well with others
34．Those who look on the bright side of things are likely to have wallpaper likeC．
A．pictures of nature and natural scenery
B．pictures showing their past successes
C．city views or pictures of animals
D．photos of staying with friends．
35．What can be the best title for the text？B
A．Where to Look for Your Computer Wallpaper
B．Computer Wallpaper Shows Your Personality
C．How to Place Wallpaper on Your Computer
D．Computer Wallpaper Interests Everyone．

16．Our love of music and appreciation of musical harmony （和声） is learnt and not based on natural ability，a new study by University of Melbourne researchers has found．The researchers said previous theories about how we appreciate music were based on the physical functions of sound，the ear itself and a born ability to hear harmony．
The study shows that musical harmony can be learnt，and it is a matter of training the brain to hear the sounds．So if you thought that the music of some foreign culture （or Jazz） sounded like the crying of cats，it's simply because you haven't learnt to listen by their rules．
The researchers used 66volunteers with a range of （一系列的） musical training and tested their ability to hear combinations （组合） of notes （音符） to determine if they found the combinations familiar or pleasing．They found that people needed to be familiar with combinations of notes．If they couldn't recognize the notes，they found the notes dissonant．This finding put an end to centuries of theories claiming （声称） that physical functions of the ear determine what we find attractive．
The study found that trained musicians were much more sensitive （敏感的） to unpleasant notes than non-musicians．When they couldn't find the note，the musicians reported that the sounds were unpleasant，while non-musicians were much less sensitive．This shows the importance of training or nurturing （培养） the brain to like particular sound of combinations of notes，like those found in jazz or rock．
Depending on their training，a strange chord （和弦） sound was pleasant to some musicians，but very unpleasant to others．This showed us that even the ability to hear a musical note is learnt．
To confirm （证实） this finding，they trained 19non-musicians to find the notes of a random （随机的） selection of western chords．Not only did the participants'ability to hear notes improve rapidly； the chords they had learnt sounded more pleasant-regardless of （不论） how the chords were played．
The question of why some combinations of musical notes are heard as pleasant or unpleasant has long been debated．"We have shown in this study that for music，beauty is in the brain of the beholder（观看者），"a researcher said．
27．According to the passage，why do people sometimes find foreign music quite unpleasant？C
A．Because they don't like the person playing the music．
B．Because they have no talent for music at all．
C．Because they have no idea about how to listen．
D．Because they hear music too often．
28．The underlined word"dissonant"in Paragraph 3probably meansB．
A．informal
B．unpleasant
C．inspiring
D．unfamiliar
29．Although non-musicians were less sensitive to music，they can stillC．
A．find the beauty of chords without training
B．enjoy the beauty of music when played by musicians
C．be trained to like particular music
D．make friends with real musicians
30．What is the best title for the passage？D
A．Improve Your Brain By Listening to Music
B．You Can Be a Musician Without Being Trained
C．Music Can't be Taught
D．Love of Music Is Not Natural But Nurture．

15．To smoke or not to smoke？Laws that ban smoking in public places are not exactly a new idea．One of the world's first smoking bans was introduced in 1575，when the Roman Catholic Church passed a law that made it illegal to smoke in any church in the Spanish colonies of Central America．In the eighteenth century，a number of German and Austrian cities also banned smoking，not in specific locations or buildings，but anywhere in the city．Some of these bans were based on ideas about health．Others were more concerned with safety．The Old Government Building in Wellington，New Zealand banned smoking in the 19th century because the building was made entirely of wood； smoking was a fire risk．
In the second half of the twentieth century，campaigns began to make people aware of the health dangers of smoking，and the concept of passive smoking-or breathing other people's smoke-became a widespread concern．As a result，governments passed laws in the 1970s to control the use of tobacco，and restaurants and other public places began to create smoking and non-smoking sections．But it wasn't until the late 1990s that public smoking bans became widespread．California led the way in the US when it became the first US state to prohibit smoking in all public places in 1998．By 2010，nearly eighty percent of American states had introduced smoking bans．Elsewhere，ventilation systems were installed in public places，and smokers'lounges were created as alternatives to complete bans．
Not everyone is happy about the introduction of smoking bans．Not surprisingly，tobacco companies，restaurants and bars are concerned about losing business because of the new restrictions．Smokers often complain that by limiting the places where they can smoke，smoking bans unfairly limit their freedom．Plus，it is difficult to break the habit and give up smoking．But nowadays most people accept the overwhelming scientific evidence that smoking harms our health and can cause lung and heart disease．Furthermore，research shows that smoking bans have resulted in a reduction in smoking-related diseases and deaths．We shall have to see whether in the future every country in the world will follow suit and impose bans on smoking in public places．
51．One of the earliest anti-smoking laws prohibited smokingD
A．anywhere in Central American cities．
B．in wooden churches around the world．
C．in churches in Mexico and other Spanish colonies．
D．in Spanish colonies around the world．
52．In modern times laws about smoking were introduced becauseB
A．smokers wanted special areas to smoke in．
B．governments wanted to publicise the health dangers of smoking．
C．of fears about second-hand smoke．
D．more and more people started smoking．
53．The smoking ban in California was important becauseA
A．it set an example for other US states．
B．it made use of ventilation technology．
C．it wasn't possible to smoke in 80% of public places．
D．restaurants had to create smokers'lounges．
54．Many smokers feel thatD
A．it is difficult to prove that smoking has a negative effect on health．
B．it is impossible to change people's habits．
C．they are not consulted about anti-smoking laws．
D．people should be free to choose where they want to smoke．
55．According to research，smoking bansD
A．will be imposed in all countries in the future．
B．are most effective in public places．
C．make it easier to stop smoking．
D．have had a positive effect on people's health．

14．How Room Designs Affect Our Work and Feelings
Architects have long had the feeling that the places we live in can affect our thoughts，feelings and behaviors．But now scientists are giving this feeling an empirical（经验的，实证的） basis．They are discovering how to design spaces that promote creativity，keep people focused and lead to relaxation．
Researches show that aspects of the physical environment can influence creativity．In 2007，Joan Meyers-Levy at the University of Minnesota，reported that the height of a room's ceiling affects how people think．Her research indicates that higher ceilings encourage people to think more freely，which may lead them to make more abstract connections．Low ceilings，on the other hand，may inspire a more detailed outlook．
In additions to ceiling height，the view afforded by a building may influence an occupant's ability to concentrate．Nancy Wells and her colleagues at Cornell University found in their study that kids who experienced the greatest increase in greenness as a result of a family move made the most gains on a standard test of attention．
Using nature to improve focus of attention ought to pay off academically，and it seems to，according to a study led by C．Kenneth Tanner，head of the School Design & Planning Laboratory at the University of Georgia．Tanner and his team found that students in classrooms with unblocked views of at least 50feet outside the window had higher scores on tests of vocabulary，language arts and maths than did students whose classrooms primarily overlooked roads and parking lots．
Recent study on room lighting design suggests than dim（暗淡的） light helps people to loosen up．If that is true generally，keeping the light low during dinner or at parties could increase relaxation．Researchers of Harvard Medical School also discovered that furniture with rounded edges could help visitors relax．
So far scientists have focused mainly on public buildings．"We have a very limited number of studies，so we're almost looking at the problem through a straw（吸管），"architect David Allison says．"How do you take answers to very specific questions and make broad，generalized use of them？That's what we're all struggling with．"

42．What does Joan Meyers-Levy focus on in her research？B
A．Light．
B．Ceilings．
C．Windows．
D．Furniture．
43．The passage tells us thatA．
A．the shape of furniture may affect people's feelings
B．lower ceilings may help improve students'creativity
C．children in a dim classroom may improve their grades
D．students in rooms with unblocked views may feel relaxed
44．The underlined sentence in the last paragraph probably means thatD．
A．the problem is not approached step by step
B．the researches so far have faults in themselves
C．the problem is too difficult for researchers to detect
D．research in this area is not enough to make generalized patterns
45．Which of the following shows the organization of the passage？C

CP：Central Point P：Point SP：Sub-point C：Conclusion．

13．Among all the fast growing science and technology，the research of human genes，or biological engineering as people call it，is drawing more and more attention now．Sometimes it is a hot topic discussed by people．
The greatest thing that gene technology can do is to cure serious diseases that doctors at present can almost do nothing with，such as cancer and heart disease．Every year，millions of people are murdered by these two killers．And to date，doctors have not found an effective way to cure them．But if the gene technology is applied，not only these two diseases can be cured completely，bringing happiness and more living days to the patients，but also the great amount of money people spend on curing their diseases can be saved，therefore it benefits the economy as well．In addition，human life span （寿命） can be prolonged．
Gene technology can help people to give birth to more healthy and clever children．Some families，with the English imperial （皇家的） family being a good example，have hereditary diseases．This means their children will for sure have the family disease，which is a great trouble for these families．In the past，doctors could do nothing about hereditary diseases．But gene technology can solve this problem perfectly．The scientist just need to find the wrong gene and correct it，and a healthy child will be born．
Some people are worrying that the gene research can be used to manufacture human beings in large quantities．In the past few years，scientists have succeeded in cloning a sheep，therefore these people predict that human babies would soon be cloned．But I believe cloned babies will not come out in large quantities，for most couples in the world can have babies in very normal way．Of course，the governments must take care to control gene technology．
8．What does"them"in the second paragraph refer to？D
A．People with cancer or heart disease．
B．Millions of people with serious diseases．
C．Some diseases doctors can do nothing with．
D．The two illnesses of cancer and heart disease
9．What can gene technology do according to paragraph three？D
A．It can help the English imperial family out．
B．It can be used to clone human babies．
C．It can help people to give birth of a baby．
D．It is likely to treat hereditary diseases．
10．What are people worried about according to the passage？A
A．Human babies may be cloned in a large scale．
B．Healthy human babies will soon be cloned．
C．Scientists may well find the wrong genes．
D．The government may not control gene techs．
11．This passage is mainly written toA．
A．show gene technology will benefit people
B．show gene technology will do harm as well
C．tell that gene technology is a hot topic
D．tell that gene technology is growing fast．

12．Let children learn to judge their own．A child who learns to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time； if corrected too much，he will stop talking．He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses and the language those around him use．Little by little，he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people's，in the same way，children learn to do all the other things without being taught-to walk，run，climb，ride a bicycle-compare （比较） their own performances（表现） with those of more skilled people，and slowly make the needed changes．But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his mistakes if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him，or correct it unless he was made to．Let him work out，with the help of other children if he wants it，what this word says，what the answer is to that problem，whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not．If it is a matter of right answers，as it may be in mathematics or science，give him the answer book．Let him correct his own papers．Why should we teachers waste time in doing such work？Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can't find the way to get their own understanding，how to know what they know or do not know．
32．According to the passage，the best way for children to learn things isD
A．to listen to skilled people's advice
B．to ask older people many questions
C．to make mistakes and have them corrected
D．to do what other people do
33．According to the writer，teachers in school shouldA
A．allow children to learn from each other
B．point out children's mistakes whenever they are found
C．correct children's mistakes as possible as they can
D．give children more book knowledge
34．Which of the following does the writer think teachers should not do？C
A．Give children correct answers
B．allow children to make mistakes
C．Point out children's mistakes
D．Let children judge their own work
35．The passage suggests that learning to speak and learning to ride a bicycle areB．
A．different from learning other skills
B．the same as learning other skills
C．more important than other skills
D．not really important skills．

11．For 52years my father got up at 5：30am every morning，went to work，and returned home at 5：30pm．I never saw my father stayed home from work ill，nor did I ever see my father lay down to take a nap．He had no hobbies，other than taking care of his family．All he asked from me，his daughter，was to help him while he was repairing something，so we could have some time to talk．
For 22years，after I left home for college，my father called me at 9：00am every Sunday．Nine years ago when I bought my first house，my father，67years old，spent eight hours a day for three days painting my house．He would not allow me to pay someone to have it done．All he asked for was a glass of iced tea．Five years ago，at age 71，my father spent five hours putting together a swing set for my daughter．
On the morning of January 16，1996，my sister telephoned me：my father was in the hospital with an aneurysm（动脉瘤） in Florida．I got on an airplane immediately，and on the way I realized that I hadn't communicated with him as much as I'd always wanted to．I vowed（发誓） that when I arrived，I would have a long talk with him．I arrived in Florida at 1：00am，only to find that my father，at the age of 76，had passed away at 9：12pm．This time it was he who did not have time to talk，or time to wait for me．
28．From the first paragraph we can infer （推断） that the author's fatherD_．
A．was a good driver
B．had many hobbies
C．sometimes fell ill
D．was in good health
29．The underlined phrase"other than"in the first paragraph has the same meaning as"C"．
A．without
B．including
C．except
D．due to
30．According to the last paragraph，we can know that the author's father was born inA．
A.1920
B.1918
C.1916
D.1922
31．The author wrote the article in order toB．
A．praise her father
B．remember her father
C．show her father was healthy
D．let her father be known．

10．A student is learning to speak British English．He wonders：Can I communicate with Americans？Can they understand me？Learners of English often ask：What are the differences between British and American English？How important are these differences？
Certainly there are some differences between British and American English．There are a few differences in grammar．For example，speakers of British English say"in hospital"and"Have you a pen？"Americans say"in the hospital!"and"Do you have a pen？"Pronunciation is sometimes different．Americans usually sound theirs in words like"bird"and"hurt"．Speakers of British English do not sound theirs in these words．There are differences between British and American English in spelling and vocabulary．For example，"colour"and"honour"are British，"color"and honor"are American．
These differences in grammar，pronunciation，spelling and vocabulary are not important．However，for the most part，British and American English are the same language．
21．According to this passage，a student who is learning to speak American English
might be afraid thatA．
A．British people cannot understand him
B．American people cannot understand him
C．the grammar is too hard for him
D．the spelling is too hard for him
22．American English and British English are different inD．
A．spelling
B．pronunciation
C．grammar
D．all of the above
23．What is not mentioned in the passage？C
A．Whether there are differences between British English and American English．
B．Whether British English and American English are one language or two．
C．How the differences between British English and American English happened．
D．How important the differences are．

9．If you think a high-factor sunscreen （防晒霜） keeps you safe from harmful rays，you may be wrong．Research in this week's Nature shows that while factor 50reduces the number of melanomas （黒瘤） and delays their occurrence，it can't prevent them．Melanomas are the most aggressive skin cancers．You have a higher risk if you have red or blond hair，fair skin，blue or green eyes，or sunburn easily，or if a close relative has had one．Melanomas are more common if you have periodic intense exposure to the sun．Other skin cancers are increasingly likely with long-term exposure．
There is continuing debate as to how effective sunscreen is in reducing melanomas---the evidence is weaker than it is for preventing other types of skin cancer．A 2011Australian study of 1，621people found that people randomly selected to apply sunscreen daily had half the rate of melanomas of people who used cream as needed．A second study，comparing 1，167people with melanomas to 1，101who didn't have the cancer，found that using sunscreen routinely，alongside other protection such as hats，long sleeves or staying in the shade，did give some protection．This study said other forms of sun protection---not sunscreen---seemed most beneficial．The study relied on people remembering what they had done over each decade of their lives，so it's not entirely reliable．But it seems reasonable to think sunscreen gives people a false sense of security in the sun．
Many people also don't use sunscreen properly---applying insufficient amounts，failing to reapply after a couple of hours and staying in the sun too long．It is sunburn that is most worrying---recent research shows five episodes of sunburn in the teenage years increases the risk of all skin cancers．
The good news is that a combination of sunscreen and covering up can reduce melanoma rates，as shown by Australian figures from their slip-slop-slap campaign．So if there is a heat wave this summer，it would be best for us，too，to slip on a shirt，slop on （抹上） sunscreen and slap on a hat．
12．What does the research in Nature say about a high-factor sunscreen？A
A．It is ineffective in preventing melanomas．
B．It is ineffective in case of intense sunlight．
C．It is ineffective with long-term exposure．
D．It is ineffective for people with fair skin．
13．What do we learn from the 2011Australian study of 1，621people？D
A．Sunscreen should be applied alongside other protection measures．
B．High-risk people benefit the most from the application of sunscreen．
C．Irregular application of sunscreen does women more harm than good．
D．Daily application of sunscreen helps reduce the incidence of melanomas．
14．What does the author say about the second Australian study？C
A．It misleads people to rely on sunscreen for protection．
B．It helps people to select the most effective sunscreen．
C．It is not based on direct observation of the subjects．
D．It confirms the results of the first Australian study．
15．What does the author suggest to reduce melanoma rates？A
A．Using both covering up and sunscreen．
B．Staying in the shade whenever possible．
C．Using covering up instead of sunscreen．
D．Applying the right amount of sunscreen．

8．How to deal with waste has been a problem since humans started producing it．As more and more people choose to live close together in cities，the waste-disposal（处理）problem becomes increasingly difficult．
During the eighteenth century，it was usual for several neighboring towns to get together to select a faraway spot as a dump site（垃圾填埋场）．Residents or trash haulers（垃圾拖运者）would transport household rubbish，rotted wood，and old possessions to the site．Periodically（定期的）some of the trash was burned and the rest was buried．The unpleasant sights and smells caused no problem because nobody lived close by．
Factories，mills，and other industrial sites also had waste to be disposed of．Those located on rivers often just dumped the unwanted remains into the water．Others built huge burners with chimneys to deal with the problem．
Several facts make these choices unacceptable to modern society．The first problem is space．Dumps，which are now called landfills，are most needed in heavily populated areas．Such areas seldom have empty land suitable for this purpose．Land is either too expensive or too close to residential（住宅区的）neighborhoods．Long-distance trash hauling has been a common practice，but once farm areas are refusing to accept rubbish from elsewhere，cheap land within trucking distance of major city areas is almost nonexistent．
Awareness of pollution dangers has led to more strict rules of waste disposal．Pollution of rivers，ground water，land and air is a price people can no longer pay to get rid of waste．The amount of waste，however，continues to grow．
Recycling efforts have become commonplace，and many towns require their people to take part．Even the most efficient recycling programs，however，can hope to deal with only about 50per cent of a city's reusable waste．
27．The most suitable title for this passage would beB．
A．Places for Disposing Waste
B．Waste Disposal Problem
C．Ways of Getting Rid of Waste
D．Waste Pollution Dangers
28．During the 18th century，people disposed their waste in many ways EXCEPT forA．
A．recycling it
B．burying it
C．burning it
D．throwing it into rivers
29．What can be inferred from the fourth paragraph？C
A．Farm areas accept waste from the city in modern society．
B．There is cheap land to bury waste in modern society．
C．Ways to deal with waste in modern society stay the same．
D．It is impossible to find space to bury waste in modern society．
30．The main purpose of writing this article is to．D
A．tell people a better way to get rid of the waste．
B．warn people of the pollution dangers we are facing．
C．call on people to take part in recycling programs．
D．draw people's attention to waste management．

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