12．No one knows why we sleep.but it's certain that we need to．People who are prevented from sleeping——青夏教育精英家教网—

12．No one knows why we sleep，but it's certain that we need to．People who are prevented from sleeping begin to suffer obvious effects after a few days-they think less clearly，and they fall asleep during the working hours； some may have hallucinations（幻觉）．?
There are no rules about sleep．Generally speaking，grown-ups sleep about 7and a half hours each night and probably more than 60per cent get between seven and eight hours．But perhaps eight per cent are quite happy with 5hours or less，and four per cent or so find that they want ten hours or more．If you feel all right，you're probably getting enough sleep．The important thing is not to worry how much other people get-their needs may be different．Exercise doesn't seem to increase the need for sleep-office workers，for example，sleep for about as long as people doing physically active work．?
Children sleep more than grown-ups-perhaps 14to 18hours soon after birth，going down to grown-up levels by early teenage．Sleep patterns also tend（倾向） to be different in the elderly，who may sleep less at night than they did when younger，find sleep getting more broken，and often make it a rule to sleep during the daytime．

67．According to the passage，some people are unable to think clearly becauseC．
A．they have hallucinations
B．they feel sleepy during the working hours
C．they don't have enough sleep
D．they are certain to be kept from going to bed
68．Which of the following is TRUE？B
A．All grown-ups must have at least eight-hour sleep．
B．Most of grown-ups sleep for seven or eight hours．
C．Quite a few people need only 5hours or less for them to sleep．
D．No grown-ups sleep more than ten hours．
69．Whether you have got enough sleep is judged byD．
A．how many hours you have slept
B．how many hours you need to sleep
C．whether you do exercise and physical work
D．whether you feel fresh and energetic
70．According to the passage，a boy of 14years old sleepsA．
A．as long hours as a grown-up
B．much longer hours than a grown-up
C．for 14hours each night
D．for less than 8hours per night．

11．A good way to pass an examination is to work hard every day in the year．You may fail in the examination if you are lazy for most of the year and then work hard only a few days before the examination．A few days before the examination you should start going to bed early．Do not stay up late at night learning things．Before you start the examination，read carefully over the question paper．Try to understand the exact meaning of each question before you pick up your pen to write．When you have at last finished your examinations，read over your answers，correct any mistake which you see and make sure that you have not missed anything out．

56．If you work hard only a few days before an examination you mayC．
A．pass it    B．get sick
C．fail       D．be allowed to take the examination
57．"Stay up late at night"here meansD．
A．sleeping in bed                  B．just sitting up without doing anything
C．walking about in the room         D．working far into the night
58．The first thing to do after you get the question paper is toD．
A．start to answer questions          B．work the difficult problems
C．have a look at the titles           D．read it very carefully
59．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？A
A．You must't hand in the examination paper before you check your answers．
B．You must wait till others point out mistakes in your paper．
C．You must first hand in your paper then correct the mistakes．
D．You must be the last to hand in your paper．

10．Xie Lei lives with a host family who give her good advice．Which is wrong？（　　）

A．

9．For centuries，the body's blood has been linked closely with the emotions．People who show no human emotions or feelings，are said to be cold-blooded killer．For example，the police are searching for a cold-blooded killer．He seems to kill for no reason，and no emotion，as if taking someone's life as nothing．
Cold can affect other parts of the body．The expression"get cold feet"has nothing to do with cold or your feet．The expression means being afraid to do something you have decided to do．For example，you agree to be president of an organization．But then you learn that all the other officers have resigned （辞职），and all the work of the organization will be your responsibility．You are likely to get cold feet about being president when you understand the situation．
The expression"give someone the cold shoulder"probably comes from the physical act of turning your back toward someone，instead of speaking to him face to face．You may give a cold shoulder to a friend who has not kept a promise he made to you．Or，to someone who has lied about you to others．
A cold fish is not a fish．It is a person．But it is a person who is unfriendly，unemotional and shows no love or warmth．A cold fish does not offer much of himself to anyone．Someone who is a cold fish could be cold-hearted．Now a cold-hearted person is someone who has no sympathy（同情）．Several popular songs in recent years were about cold-hearted men or cold-hearted women who，without feelings，broke the hearts of their lovers．
Out in the cold means not getting something that everybody else got．A person might say that everybody but him got a pay raise---he was left out in the cold．And it is not a pleasant place to be．

67．There areA expressions related to cold that are mentioned in the passage．
A.6 B.4 C.3 D.7
68．When you refuse to speak to a man and treat him in a distant way，you may express by"C"．
A．I think he is a cold fish
B．I think he is a cold-blooded man
C．I give him the cold shoulder
D．I'm likely to get cold feet
69．We can use the expression"C"to describe a man who hurts his lover without mercy．
A．cold-blooded B．cold shoulder C．cold-hearted D．cold feet
70．The topic of this passage is aboutB．
A．the relationship between cold and our body
B．some expressions connected with cold
C．some expressions about friendship
D．how cold weather comes into being．

8．Education is not an end，but a means to an end．In other words，we do not educate children only for the purpose of educating them．Our purpose is to fit them for life．
In some modern countries，it has for some time been fashionable to think that by free education for all-one can solve all the problems of society and build a perfect nation．But we can already see that free education for all is not enough； we find in some countries where a far larger number of people with university degree； however，they refuse to do what they think"low"work； and，in fact，work with hands is thought to be dirty and shameful in such countries．But we have only to think a moment to understand that the work of a completely uneducated farmer is far more important than that of a professor； we can live without education，but we die if we have no food．If no one cleaned our streets and took the rubbish away from our houses，we should get terrible diseases in our towns．
In fact，when we say that all of us must be educated to fit ourselves for life，it means that we must be educated in such a way that，firstly，each of us can do whatever work suited to his brains and ability and，secondly，that we can realize that all jobs are necessary to society，and that it is very bad to be ashamed of one's work．Only such a type of education can be considered valuable to society．

60．The writer of the passage thinks thatD．
A．education can settle the world's problems
B．free education for all probably leads to a perfect world．
C．free education won't help to solve problems
D．not all the social problems can be solved by education
61．The writer wants to prove thatA．
A．our society needs all kinds of jobs
B．our society needs free education for all
C．work with hands is the most important
D．a farmer is more important than a professor．
62．The purpose of education isB．
A．to get more educated physical laborers
B．to prepare children for the future work
C．to let everyone have suitable education
D．to build a perfect world for all the people．

7．An allowance（零花钱） is an important tool for teaching kids how to make plans for the use of money，save and make their own decisions．Children remember and learn from mistakes when their own dollars are lost or spent foolishly．
How large an allowance is suitable？Experts say there is not right amount．Actual amounts differ from region to region，and from family to family．
To set an suitable allowance for your child，work up a weekly plan．Allow for entertainment costs such as movies and snacks．Next，include everyday expenses such as lunch money，bus fare，school supplies．"If you make the child responsible for these bills'，"says Josephine Swanson，a consumer specialist，"he or she will learn to plan for necessary costs．"
Finally，add some extra money to make saving possible．If you can keep your child's allowance in line with that of his friends．A child whose buying power falls away below his peers'can feel left out．
It can be tough，but don't excuse your children when they make a mistake with their allowance．When Brooke Stephens was ten and growing up in Jacksonville，her mother gave her﹩5aweek，﹩1.75of which was for bus fare and lunch．"If you lose your money，"Brooke's mother told her，"you walk home．"
One week the girl spent all her allowance in a candy store，then she called home for a ride．"Mom made me walk home，"recalls Stephens，now a financial planner in Brooklyn．"At first I was angry．But I finally realized that she was trying to teach me an important lesson．"
Experts advise that an allowance should not be tied directly to a child's daily housework at home．Kids should help around the house not because they get paid for it but because they share responsibilities as members of a family．You might，however，pay a child for doing extra jobs at home，which can develop his or her early habits．

66、Which of the following is the possible title of the passage？C
A．How to develop a child's early habits．
B．How to work up an amount of pocket money．
C．How to teach a child about money．
D．How to teach a child to save money．
67、It can be inferred from the passage that if a child is given an allowance，he or she mayC．
A．spend all the money very soon             B．fall into the bad habit of wasting money
C．feel responsible and careful about money   D．lose the money and can not return home
68、In Paragraph 4，the words"his peers"refer toB．
A．his parents              B．his friends
C．his financial experts    D．his teachers
69、Why does the writer mention Brooke Stephens？C
A．To question the opinion about pocket money．
B．To compare Stephens with other financial experts．
C．To explain that parents should be strict when children are developing good habits about money．
D．To suggest pocket money is useless in developing a child's sense of responsibility．
70、The writer implies in the passage thatC．
A．children may feel lonely if they have no pocket money
B．a child's early good habits can be developed if he or she is paid for all the housework
C．paying children for their housework is no good
D．children may learn to put aside some money if they are given a great amount of pocket money．

6．All parents know that one of their most important tasks is to prepare their children for an independent life，but any parent can tell you that it's hard to let go of your children．That balance between keeping your children safe and allowing them to learn from their own mistakes can be heartbreaking．Years of experience means that parents often do know best，but on the other hand，the young，being less bound by tradition，are often more creative，more able to find new solutions to old problems．Revolutions are led by the young．
Good teachers make the growth of critical （批判性的） thinking easier in their students，only to find that this can lead to a questioning of the teachers'basic beliefs．Schools encourage parents to become involved，but are often embarrassed when parents have reservations about some of the educational methods being used．Governments encourage unimportant groups to empower themselves in order to participate fully in the development process．And they are often surprised when the new leaders of these groups turn around and attack the policies of that same government．The rebellions （叛逆的）young and the newly unimportant groups are important in social development．They are not necessarily representatives of those   they want to represent or not realistic in their demands，but their voices must be heard．
Good parents know that just forbidding particular behaviors does not prevent their children from finding ways to engage in these forbidden activities．Indeed，sometimes the forbidden fruit is more inviting，just because it is not accepted by authority．Parents must work with their children to educate them on the facts，know as much as possible about the lives of their children，provide a good example，encourage more wholesome activities but also support their children when they don't follow what is expected of them．But the most important point is that they also need to learn how to let go．

61、By saying"Revolutions are led by the young"，the author indicates that young people are moreA．
A．creative         B．realistic        C．conventional      D．heartbreaking
62、From the second paragraph we knowD．
A．teachers'basic beliefs should be questioned by students
B．schools encourage parents to question their education methods
C．the government is satisfied with the new leaders'attack on the policies
D．the voice of the rebellious young should be heard by the government
63、In order to educate children well，parents shouldB．
A．forbid particular behaviors in their daily life
B．know them well and set a good example to them
C．educate them with facts and expect much of them
D．know as much as possible as their children
64、From the passage we can learn that the author prefersC．
A．free parenting    B．traditional parenting
C．smart parenting   D．critical parenting
65、What is the best title of the passage？A
A．Letting Go-for Children's Independent Life
B．Parents'Tasks-in Children's Development
C．Way of Growth-for the Young Groups
D．Teaching Methods-for Teachers and Schools．

5．Cleveland has won the distinction of being the worst city in the United States，according to a new survey．The city has high unemployment，terrible weather，heavy taxes，and ordinary sports teams，all of which have pushed it to the No.1 position in the Forbes．com list．
"Cleveland was the only city that fell in the bottom half of rankings in all nine categories．And it has been entitled with a less than endearing nickname：the Mistake by the lake，"Forbes said on its website，
The economic downturn hit cities across the United States last year particularly in the mid-west section of the country．Crime and unemployment secured the No.2 spot for Stockton，which held the top position in last year's ranking．Memphis got third place thanks to its violent crime rate and the number of officials who are guilty，while the poor auto industry drove the Michigan cities of Detroit and Flint into the top five．
"A lot of the cities that showed up on our list are going through hard times fight now，dealing with high unemployment，with declining producing bases．Many have experienced strong movement out of the city over the last 20 and 30 years．"
Despite （尽管） its fine weather，Miami scored in the bottom 10 percent in commuting （上下班往返） time，and violent crime which sent it into sixth place．
"One of the biggest surprises is Miami．The good weather and no state income taxes blur some of the severe problems that Miami has related to crime as well as long commutes，"Badenhausen added．
Florida was followed in the poor ranking by St Louis，Buffalo，Canton，Ohio and Chicago，which has the country's highest sales tax at 10.25 percent．New York，the nation's biggest city，is rich in culture but its lengthy commuting time and high income taxes pushed it into 16th place．
68．From the text we can learn thatD．
A．Cleveland has been entitled a lovely nickname
B．the economic downturn hit cities in the mid-east section
C．Miami scored in the bottom 10 percent in all nine categories
D．commuting time in New York is too long
69．What information can be inferred according to the text？A
A．The number of officials who are guilty is large in Memphis．
B．Stockton got second place in last year's ranking．
C．High income taxes made New York get 16th place．
D．Ohio has the country's highest sales tax．
70．The word"blur"underlined in the last paragraph but one probably meansB
A．make it possible B．make it unclear C．make if obvious D．make it important
71．Which of the following is the correct ranking order？D
A．Cleveland，Detroit，Miami，Buffalo，Florida．
B．Stockton，Miami，Flint，Florida，Canton．
C．Cleveland，Stockton，Miami，Chicago，Florida．
D．Stockton，Detroit，Miami，Florida，St Louis．

4．There are so many different plastic cards that adults have to carry around-library cards，savings cards for different banks，credit cards，just to name a few…So why not have one to replace them all？
Scott Barnhill，an 1l-year-old fifth-grade student in the US，has come up with an idea for a"Security One Card"．
Sound smart？The US Patent（专利） Office thought so，and it approved a patent for his idea in April．
Here's an example of how Barnhill's idea would work．
Let's say you have the three cards mentioned above．Instead of carrying them all，you could have just one by having additional magnetic strips（磁条） added to it．
The magnetic strips can be added to any plastic card，even a blank one．
Companies could add their information to one of the strips．For example，you could ask a library to add a strip to your bankcard．
Barnhill has a lot of hobbies，including designing websites．He got the idea at the age of 9when he saw his father using a keycard to enter their hotel room．He thought，"The hotels are wasting money with the key cards．"So，instead of using a hotel-issued key card，guests could use their credit cards--if the hotel added a special magnetic strip．At check-out，the strip would simply be removed．
Now that he has his patent，his next step is a letter-writing campaign to get support from major credit card companies．
"I'm going to be writing letters to credit card companies to ask if they can co-operate．I hope they'll give me money every time someone puts a strip on the back of another card，or every time the idea is used，"Barnhill said．"I'll write the letters and see what they say．If they say no，I'll ask someone else，another credit card company．"
He is hoping to make money from his patent and has decided it would be better to collect royalties（专利使用费）rather than sell his patent if the idea   take off．
"The ATM person who invented that sold it totally，and if he'd chosen royalties he'd get like 2cents for every transaction （交易） and he'd be a billionaire now，"Scott said．

68．The immediate cause of Scott's invention was thatC．
A．he found that adults have to carry around so many plastic cards
B．he realized it's big waste to make so many plastic cards instead of only one
C．he found even a hotel issued its own cards--keycards
D．he realized it would be a good chance to make big money
69．The advantage of"Security One Card"is that itC．
A．could remove the burden of taking all kinds of plastics cards
B．would he very safe
C．could save your money
D．could have a lot of magnetic strips on it
70．The underlined phrase"takes off"in the last but one paragraph probably meansB．
A．makes money        B．wins a lot of support
C．is worth a lot      D．is practical
71．From the story，we can see Scott isC．
A．more magic than smart             B．clever but lazy
C．creative，determined and wise     D．far-sighted．

3．You're in a department store and you see a couple of attractive young women looking at a sweater．You listen to their conversation：
"I can't believe it-Lorenzo Bertolla!They are almost impossible to find．Isn't it beautiful？And it's a lot cheaper than the one Sara bought in Rome．"
They leave and you go over to see this incredible sweater．It's nice and the price is right．You've never heard of Lorenzo Bertolla，but those girls looked really stylish．They must know．So，you buy it．You never realize that those young women are employees of an advertising agency．They are actually paid to go from store to store，talking loudly about Lorenzo Bertolla clothes．
Every day we notice what people are wearing，driving and eating．If the person looks cool，the product seems cool，too．This is the secret of undercover marketing．Companies from Ford to Nike are starting to use it．
Undercover marketing is important because it reaches people that don't pay attention to traditional advertising．This is particularly true of the MTV generation-consumers between the age of 18and 34．It's a golden group．They have a lot of money to spend，but they don't trust ads．
So advertising agencies hire young actors to"perform"in bars and other places where young adults go．Some people might call this practice misleading，but marketing executive Jonathan Ressler calls it creative．"Look at traditional advertising．Its effectiveness is decreasing．"It is true，because everyone knows an ad is trying to persuade you to buy something．However，you don't know when a conversation you overhear is just a performance．

59．The two attractive young women were talking so as toB．
A．get the sweater at a lower price
B．be heard by people around
C．be admired by other shoppers
D．decide on buying the sweater
60．Lorenzo Bertolla isD．
A．a very popular male singer         B．an advertising agency
C．a clothing company in Rome         D．the brand name of clothes
61．What can we infer from the passage？C
A．Traditional advertising will soon disappear in the market．
B．The MTV generation tends to be more easily influenced by all kinds of ads．
C．That traditional advertising is too direct may lead to its decreasing effectiveness．
D．Undercover marketing will surely be banned soon by the government．
62．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？D
A．Two Attractive Shoppers
B．Lorenzo Bertolla Sweaters
C．Ways of Advertising
D．Undercover Marketing．

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