18．Since the first Earth Day in 1970.Americans have got a lot greener toward the environment． We did——青夏教育精英家教网—

18．Since the first Earth Day in 1970，Americans have got a lot"greener"toward the environment．"We didn't know at that time that there even was an environment，let alone that there was a problem with it，"says Bruce Anderson，president of Earth Day USA．
But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement．Business people，political leaders，university professors，and especially millions of grass-roots Americans are taking part in the movement．"The understanding has increased many，many times，"says Gaylord Nelson，the former governor from Wisconsin，who thought up the first Earth Day．
According to US government reports，emissions （排放） from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3million tons a year to 5.5million tons．The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40to 9．Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with，the world is a safer and healthier place．A kind of"green thinking"has become part of practices．
Great improvement has been achieved．In 1988there were only 600recycling programs； today in 1995there are about 6，600．Advanced lights，motors，and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution．
Twenty-five years ago，there were hardly any education programs for environment．Today，it's hard to find a public school，university，or law school that does not have such a kind of program．"Until we do that，nothing else will change!"says Bruce Anderson．
25．According to Anderson，before 1970，Americans had little idea aboutC．
A．the social movement
B．recycling techniques
C．environmental problems
D．the importance of Earth Day
26．Where does the support for environmental protection mainly come from？A
A．The grass-roots level．
B．The business circle．
C．Government officials．
D．University professors．
27．What have Americans achieved in environmental protection？D
A．They have cut car emissions to the lowest．
B．They have settled their environmental problems．
C．They have lowered their CO levels in forty cities．
D．They have reduced pollution through effective measures．
28．What is especially important for environmental protection according to the last paragraph？A
A．Education．B．Planning．
C．Green living．D．CO reduction．

17．Many people have never heard of Mesothelioma and are unaware of its symptoms．Although considered a rare form of cancer，each year the number of cases grows．With the prevalence（流行）of this disease on the rise，it is critical to understand why and how Mesothelioma develops and what courses of action can be taken in the event of diagnosis．The following is a list of frequently asked questions and answers that will provide you with some information on Mesothelioma，and the legal issues surrounding it．
What is Mesothelioma？
Mesothelioma is the term used to describe a cancerous tumor found in the mesothelial cells of an organ．The organs where this form of cancer is most commonly found are the lungs，heart and abdominal organs．Pleural Mesothelioma is cancer of the lung lining（组织膜）and is the most common form of Mesothelioma．
What causes Mesothelioma？
Mesothelioma is almost always caused by exposure to asbestos（石棉）．Asbestos is often found in building materials used before the mid 1970's．In addition，materials such as pipes，boiler insulation，floor，ceiling and roof tiles may contain asbestos．
How much asbestos exposure will cause Mesothelioma？
Generally，the probability of developing this form of cancer is in accordance with the length of time you are exposed to asbestos．Also，your health is at risk if your exposure to asbestos is intense．It should be noted that Mesothelioma has a latency（潜伏）period of 20to 50years．This means that you may develop the disease long after your exposure to asbestos．On average，people tend to develop Mesothelioma somewhere between 35and 40years after exposure．
How quickly does Mesothelioma progress？
The onset of Mesothelioma is quite slow．Patients will begin to experience symptoms such as lower back pain and chest pain．These symptoms may also be accompanied by weight loss，fever and difficulty breathing．Unfortunately，once Mesothelioma develops，it quickly becomes aggressive and treatment must be sought immediately．
Can Mesothelioma be treated？
Doctors are able to use several traditional methods of cancer treatment for Mesothelioma，including surgery，chemotherapy and radiation．Like all forms of cancer，detecting the disease at the earliest stage possible greatly increases the patient's chances for survival．If you have worked in an industry such as construction or suspect that you may have been exposed to asbestos，be alert for symptoms and contact your doctor immediately．
What legal courses of action can be taken？
Anyone suffering from Mesothelioma is entitled to compensation from asbestos manufacturers．Additionally，if you are the spouse or child of someone who has died from Mesothelioma，you are entitled to file a claim and seek compensation．
29．The following are the symptoms of Mesothelioma EXCEPTA．
A．frequent headache
B．lower back pain
C．chest pain
D．difficult breathing
30．We can learn from the text thatA．
A．Asbestos is to blame for Mesothelioma．
B．Even if a person is exposed to asbestos for a while，he will die soon．
C．All the employees can ask for compensation from asbestos manufacturers．
D．Mesothelioma is a cancer familiar to many people．
31．Which of the following would be the best title for the text？C
A．Terrible Mesothelioma
B．Mesothelioma is around us
C．Frequently Asked Questions About Mesothelioma
D．Mesothelioma in on the rise
32．If you work in an industry exposed to asbestos，you shouldD．
A．give up the job immediately
B．ask for a rise from your boss
C．file a claim and seek compensation
D．go to hospital and have your body examined．

16．A cancer-stricken British teenage girl said Thursday she had been moved by messages of support from around the world after writing an online"Bucket List"of things she wanted to do before dying．
Alice Pyne，l5，created an Internet blog in which she described her fight against a cancer of the white blood cells．"I've been fighting cancer for almost four years and now l know that the cancer is gaining on me and it doesn't look like I'm going to win this one，"she wrote．
For her list，the teenager took inspiration from the 2007film"The Bucket List"，in which two terminally ill （患绝症的） men，played by Morgan Freeman and Jack Nicholson，draw up a list of things they wish to do before they die．
On her list，at the site www．alicepyne．blogspot．com，she has included making everyone sign up to be a bone marrow donor （骨髓捐赠者），swimming with sharks，meeting boy band Take That and getting a purple iPad computer．
Messages of support and offers of help quickly flooded her webpage and it became one of the most talked about subjects on Twitter．
"Oh dear and I thought that I was just doing a little blog for a few friends!"she wrote after her site attracted huge attention．"Thank you so much for all your lovely messages to me．"
Pyne，who lives with her family in the northwest English town of Ulverston，revealed （透露） the management of Take That had arranged for her to see the band after reading her blog．A group of local lawmakers have also joined forces with the Anthony Nolan blood cancer charity to encourage people to join its stem cell register．
21．What happened after Alice Pyne wrote her"Bucket List"？D
A．The media called on people to help her．
B．People sent gifts to her from all over the world．
C．A lot of people offered to donate bone marrow to her．
D．People around the world sent messages to support her．
22．Alice Pyne wrote her"Bucket List"toA．
A．express her last few wishes
B．say goodbye to a few friends
C．give comfort to two terminally ill men
D．catch people's attention
23．Which of the following is NOT on Alice Pyne's"Bucket List"？A
A．To meet a boy．
B．To get a cool computer．
C．To swim with sharks．
D．To ask people to donate bone marrow．
24．Take That will arrange to．D
A．invite Pyne to join the band
B．help Pyne in any possible way
C．donate money to Pyne
D．meet Pyne in person．

15．The world shares him and London claims him，but Stratford-on-Avon intends to spend 2016celebrating Shakespeare as their man：the bard（诗人）of Avon，who was born there in 1564，and died there 400years ago．
Stratford remained hugely important throughout Shakespeare's life，argues Paul Edmondson，the head of learning and research at the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust．"People have seen Shakespeare as a Dick Whittington figure，who turns his back on Stratford and his family，goes to London to earn his fortune and only comes back to die，"he said．"But Stratford is where he bought land and property，where he kept his library，where he lived and read and thought．We are going to spend the year re-emphasizing the importance of Shakespeare，the man of Stratford．"
The anniversary of the death of the most famous and the most performed playwright in the world will be marked across Britain and the globe．Macbeth is about to open in Singapore，Romeo and Juliet in Brussels．Shakespeare's Globe is completing the first world tour，in which it has taken Hamlet to almost every country．North Korea is still holding out，though．
The Globe director recently jokily claimed Shakespeare as a true Londoner．Stratford，however，will be insisting that the town made and educated Shakespeare．"His old school room in Stratford-on-Avon where Shakespeare learned‘small Latin and less Greek'--as kindly laughed at by his friend Ben Johnson--will open its doors，scarred by centuries of naughty schoolboys，to mark 400th anniversary of Shakespeare's death，"said Paul Edmondson．
Shakespeare bought the splendid New Place，the second best house in the town，when he had made his fortune on the London stage．"You don't buy a house like New Place and not live there，"Paul said．He believes that after Shakespeare bought it，all his thinking time was spent there，and that the late plays，including The Tempest，were at least planned in his library and probably written there．
29．What made people regard Shakespeare as a Dick Whittington figure？A
A．His life experiences．
B．His achievements in literature．
C．His popularity in London．
D．His contributions to Stratford．
30．Where is the play Hamlet resisted？C
A．In Brussels．
B．In Singapore．
C．In North Korea．
D．In London．
31．What can we know about New Place？D
A．The Tempest was totally finished there．
B．Shakespeare learned Latin and Greek there．
C．It was completely destroyed by naughty schoolboys．
D．Shakespeare probably spent his last few years there．
32．What can be a suitable title for the text？B
A．Bard of London
B．Man of Stratford
C．Life of Shakespeare
D．Plays of Shakespeare．

14．Xinhua News---The Beijing government has set out to recruit thousands of university graduates to work as junior officials in rural areas to both improve rural administration and ease the city's employment problems．
The government plans to recruit 3，000university graduates this year，1，000more than last year，to work as assistants to village heads or party secretaries in suburban areas．
People interested in jobs in Beijing's rural villages and towns can send applications to Beijing Municipal Bureau of Personnel or log on to www．bjbys．com from February 1through March 15．
"We hope university graduates will seize this opportunity to use their knowledge in rural villages and to start their careers，"Sun Zhenyu，the Deputy Director of Beijing Personnel Bureau，told Xinhua News Agency．
The government has promised successful candidates a monthly salary of 2，000yuan in the first year，2，500yuan the second year and 3，000the third year，provided their performance is up to the required standards，Sun said．
Wang Lina，who graduated from Beijing Union University last year，was one of the first graduates to find work in the city's countryside．After majoring in Industial and Commercial Administration，Wang served as the assistant to the village head of Ertiaojie Village in suburban Beijing's Pinggu District．For one project，Wang contacted people at Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences and arranged for the local farmers to receive training in strawberry planting．Her efforts paid off．The village had a plentiful harvest of organic strawberries earlier this year．
Nationwide，about 150，000university graduates found employment in rural areas last year，according to the figures provided by the Ministry of Education．
The ministry predicts that 4.95million students will graduate from universities across the country this year，820，000more than last year．About 1.4million of them are unlikely to find jobs when they graduate．
In Beijing，a record of 200，000people are expected to graduate from university this year．Less than half of them are expected to be offered jobs，according to Beijing Personel Bureau．
28．From the story of Wang Lina we can learn thatD．
A．Wang had great difficulty in helping villagers plant organic strawberries
B．local farmers can get big harvests if they work together with her
C．the sooner you go to the countryside，the sooner you will be successful
D．university graduate can realize their value no matter where they work
29．The underlined word"recruit"in the first paragraph probably meansB．
A．force
B．employ
C．encourage
D．train
30．The last two paragraphs seem to tell us thatA．
A．it is not easy for graduates to find jobs nowadays
B．more and more graduates will work as junior officials
C．the universities should not enroll so many students
D．there are more and more jobs provided by the Ministry of Education
31．Which of the following can be the best title for this passage？A
A．The Government's Help for University Graduates
B．A Good Choice for University Graduates
C．Job Hunting for University Graduates
D．What is the Best Career？

13．A simple flower made headlines （头条新闻） in the British press last week．How could that be？British Prime Minister David Cameron and his ministers were attending a reception hosted by Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing．They insisted on wearing poppies （罂粟花） in their buttonholes．
What's wrong with that？
According to the Global Times，Chinese officials clearly had asked the UK delegation（代表团）not to wear poppies．The British said that poppies meant a great deal to them on that day and they would wear them all the same．
So what's the importance of the poppy？It's a flower which has different cultural and symbolic meanings for British and Chinese people．
From the Chinese point of view，the poppy is a symbol of China's humiliation at the hands of European powers in the Opium Wars of the 19th century．Britain forced China to open the borders to trade-including in the opium-which was made from poppies grown in India．
Yet from the British viewpoint the poppy is a reminder of the killing during World War I．Red poppies grew on the battlefields of Flanders in Belgium where many thousands of British soldiers died or were buried．Since then，Poppy Day （November 11）has become a time in the UK to wear poppies and remember the sacrifices of British soldiers and civilians in times of war．
So you can see that the poppy sets off strong feelings in the hearts of Chinese and British people for different reasons．And it makes sense for us to try to understand each other's standpoint （立场）．Of course cultural differences can also be interesting and funny．And what one nation thinks is an acceptable gift may be viewed differently by their guest from overseas．US President Barack Obama gave a gift of an iPod to Britain's Queen-a dull person with no interest in music．Obama also presented Gordon Brown with a fine selection of American movies．But they were in US format（模式）and impossible to play on British DVD players．
Many countries have diploma （外交官） stationed overseas．Diplomats provide information and advice to their governments back home．However，sometimes it would seem that even diplomats can overlook（忽视）the cultural importance of a small flower．
25．Why did the British insist on wearing poppies in their buttonholes？D
A．The poppy is a symbol of China's humiliation．
B．Poppies were grown in India．
C．Red poppies grew on the battlefields of Flanders in Belgium．
D．In memory of those people sacrificing in times of war．
26．British Prime Minister David Cameron probably attended a reception in Beijing inD．
A．October
B．January
C．December
D． November
27．The diplomatic （外交的） problems mentioned in last but one paragraph are mainly caused byB．
A．the different lifestyle
B．the cultural difference
C．the translation mistake
D．the language difference
28．We can infer thatA．
A．Britain's Queen may not like the iPod US President Barack Obama gave her．
B．Gordon Brown was fond of American movies US President Barack Obama sent him
C．US President Barack Obama received a gift for music
D． Britain's Queen is not interested in any gifts given by Americans．

12．News Review
APEC Blue    People in Beijing got the saying after the APEC meeting in Beijing．It refers to（指） the clear blue sky during the meeting．To get such a blue sky，many factories in Beijing and nearby cities stopped work，and the number of cars on the road was cut．
A Warning Ticket    A 24-year-old woman in Nanjing was given a warning ticket for eating food on the subway．Eating is not allowed on Nanjing subway．Up to now，2，698people have been punished（惩罚） because of their eating，smoking or selling goods on the subway．
A Teacher-free Exam    Recently，students at Ningbo Huamao Foreign Language School in Zhejiang took their mid-term exam-a teacher-free exam．After handing out the exam papers，the teachers left the classroom，leaving the students to take the exam without being watched．They only came back to collect the papers at the end．
A Tomato Fight    Do you want a tomato shower？Come to the"tomato fight"in Spain!Once every year，people in the town of Bunol throw tomatoes at each other．Don't worry．It's not a real fight．People do this only for fun．
Make-A-Wish"Make-A-Wish"is one of the world's most well-known charities（慈善机构）．It makes wishes come true for children who have serious illnesses．It gives them hope and joy and helps them forget about their health problems and have fun．
44．APEC Blue refers toB in Beijing during the APEC meeting．
A．the factories
B．the clear blue sky
C．the people
D．the cars on the road
45．A 24-year-old woman in Nanjing was given a warning ticket forC on the subway．
A．drinking
B．smoking
C．eating food
D．selling goods
46．In a teacher-free exam，students take their examD．
A．at the end of the term
C．outside the classroom
C．without giving answers
D．without being watched
47．In the town of Bunol，Spain，people throw tomatoes at each otherA．
A．to have fun
B．to enjoy dinner
C．to take a shower
D．to start a fight
48．"Make-A-Wish"is a charity to helpA．
A．sick children
B．serious officers
C．famous actors
D．popular singers．

11．An idea that started in Seattle's public library has spread throughout America and beyond．The concept is simple：help to build a sense of community in a city by getting everyone to read the same book at the same time．
In addition to encouraging reading as a pursuit （追求） to be enjoyed by all，the program allows strangers to communicate by discussing the book on the bus，as well as promoting reading as an experience to be shared in families and schools．The idea came from Seattle librarian Nancy Pearl who launched （发起）the"If All of Seattle Read the Same Book"project in 1998．Her original program used author visits，study guides and book discussion groups to bring people together with a book，but the idea  has since expanded to many other American cities，and even to Hong Kong．
In Chicago，the mayor appeared on television to announce the choice of To Kill a Mockingbird as the first book in the"One Book，One Chicago"program．As a result，reading clubs and neighborhood groups sprang up around the city．Across the US，stories emerged of parents and children reading to each other at  night and strangers chatting away on the bus about plot and character．
The only problem arose in New York，where local readers could not decide on one book to represent the huge and diverse population．This may show that the idea works best in medium-sized cities or large towns，where a greater sense of unity（一致）can be achieved．Or it may show that New Yorkers rather missed the point，putting all their energy and passion into the choice of the book rather than discussion about a book itself．
Ultinatelas Nancy points out，the level of success is not measured by how many people read a book，but by how many people are enriched by the process，or have enjoyed speaking to someone with whom they would  not otherwise have shared a word．
32．What is the purpose of the project launched by Nancy？B
A．To invite authors to guide readers．
B．To encourage people to read and share．
C．To involve people in community service．
D．To promote the friendship between cities．
33．Why was it difficult for New Yorkers to carry out the project？C
A．They had little interest in reading．
B．They were too busy to read a book．
C．They came from many different backgrounds
D．They lacked support from the local government
34．According to the passage，where would the project be more easily carried out？D
A．In large communities with little sense of unity
B．In large cities where libraries are far from home
C．In medium-sized cities with a diverse population
D．In large towns where agreement can be quickly reached
35．According to Nancy，the degree of students of the project is judged byC．
A．the careful selection of a proper book
B．the growing popularity of the writers
C．the number of people who benefit from reading．
D．the number of books that each person reads．

10．You may have heard adults say they are uncomfortable in the morning without a cup of coffee．One reason they may feel that way is that coffee contains caffeine（咖啡因）．Caffeine occurs naturally in coffee，tea，and cocoa beans，which are used to make chocolate．But now food makers are adding it to many products，from potato chips to water．
The US government is especially worried about the problem．That's why the Food and Drug Administration （FDA） is studying the health effects of caffeine on young people．Studies show that too much caffeine can make people nervous and unable to sleep．What's more，caffeine is habit-forming．Those who consume it regularly and stop suddenly may experience headaches and feel tired．
One of the biggest concerns is the large amount of caffeine added to so-called energy drinks，like Red Bull．A 12-ounce can of cola has about 35milligrams of caffeine．A similar serving of Red Bull contains more than three times that amount．
The Institute of Medicine is also working on caffeine-safety measures．"Teenagers should not drink beverages that contain caffeine．They should be aware of caffeine's effects on health and on how the brain works．Take，for example，teenagers who consume caffeine to stay awake and study for a test．They will remember less of what they just studied，"said Stallings，a member of the institute．
Companies that make products with added caffeine claim they do not advertise them to kids．However，there is no law to stop children from buying them．So the FDA needs to set limits on caffeine，especially in energy drinks．As for added caffeine in foods，the government should just say no．If not，the amount of caffeine should be printed on food labels to remind consumers．The government must do that．
Doctors say kids should avoid caffeine．If you need extra energy，try these natural boosters：eat right，exercise，and get plenty of sleep．
32．What is the US government particularly concerned about？C
A．The fact that coffee contains caffeine．
B．The measures of avoiding caffeine's effects．
C．The practice of adding caffeine to foods．
D．The practice of using caffeine to make chocolate．
33．Red Bull is listed in the third paragraph as an example ofA．
A．drinks which contain much caffeine
B．caffeine's effects on health
C．teenagers'addiction to caffeine
D．people's concern about teenagers'health
34．Paragraph 5is mainly aboutB．
A．the process of the government's controlling the use of caffeine
B．the measures of protecting teenagers from caffeine's effects
C．the government's responsibility of taking care of teenagers
D．the risk of buying products containing caffeine nowadays
35．The author may agree thatA．
A．getting enough sleep can make people energetic
B．headaches and feeling tired are common in teenagers
C．food makers don't add much caffeine to many products now
D．caffeine is good and useful for teenagers'study．

9．Hundreds of years ago，news was carried from place to place by people on foot or by horse．It took days，weeks and sometimes months for people to receive news．Now it is possible to send words and pictures around the world in seconds．Billions of people learn about news stories of their own country and all over the world every day，either by watching TV or reading newspapers．
Newspapers have been an important part of everyday life since the 18th century．Many countries have hundreds of different newspapers．How do newspaper editors decide which news stories to print？Why do they print some stories and not others？What makes a good newspaper story？
Firstly，it is important to report new stories．TV stations can report news much faster than newspapers．Yet，newspapers give more about the same story．They may also look at the story in another way，or they may print completely different stories to those on TV．
Secondly，a news story has to be interesting and unusual．People don't want to read stories about everyday life as a result，many stories are about some kind of danger and seem to be"bad"news．For example，newspapers never print stories about planes landing safely，instead they print stories about plane accidents．
Another factor （因素） is also very important in many news stories．Many people are interested in news in foreign countries，but more prefer to read stories about people，places and events in their own country．So the stories on the front page in Chinese newspapers are usually very different from the ones in British，French and American newspapers．
25．According to the passage，how do people learn about news stories in the world now？C
A．They carry news stories and tell others from place to place on foot or by horse．
B．They tell each other what they have seen with their eyes．
C．They watch TV or read newspapers．
D．They listen to the radio every day．
26．The difference between newspaper stories and TV news reports is thatA．
A．people can learn more about the same news story from a newspaper
B．people can read the news story more quickly in a newspaper
C．people can read news stories in other countries
D．people can read news stories about their own country
27．To make a good newspaper story，how many factors does the passage talk about？B
A．Two．
B．Three．
C．Five．
D．Six．
28．According to the passage，which of the following can you most possibly watch on TV？C
A．You often play football with your friends after school．
B．Your teacher has got a cold．
C．A tiger in the city zoo has run out and hasn't been caught．
D．The bike in the front of your house is lost．

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